Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Gunpowder

2019-03-05T06:19:15Z

Timothy17: black vs. smokeless

'''Gunpowder''' is a major invention that has been essential for warfare for five or more centuries. It is a chemical mixture which burns extremely rapidly, and was used as a propellant in early [[small arms]] and [[cannon]]s. Experiments to improve the effectiveness and safety were some of the first true [[chemistry]]. Black powder was the earliest form of gunpowder, which is a mixture of [[charcoal]], [[sulfur]], and [[saltpeter]] (potassium nitrate), ground together. The optimal mixture for these is generally considered to be 75% saltpeter, 13.5% charcoal, and 11.5% sulfur. Gunpowder is still used today in weapons, [[fireworks]], and [[special effects]]. Smokeless powder is a cleaner, more powerful, modern substitute which is made from proprietary recipes.

Gunpowder is a low explosive because it burns rapidly without outside air, and gives off large volumes of gas. In a confined space (as the barrel of a gun) the gases build up enough pressure to push a bullet or shell out the muzzle at high velocity. In firecrackers it is completely enclosed and the gases will cause a small explosion, but gunpowder does not detonate like high explosives; the first high explosives were TNT and dynamite, invented in the 1860s.

==History==
Gunpowder (now called black powder) was invented in [[China]] by about 1100 A.D., and possibly earlier. It was brought to Europe sometime after 1200. The oldest European account of a formula is in a letter from [[Francis Bacon]] to [[Pope Clement IV]] in 1267 A.D. By 1275, [[Albertus Magnus]] described a formula of four parts saltpeter to one part charcoal and one part sulfur.

When Europeans ground together charcoal, saltpeter, and sulfur they called it "serpentine powder." It easily absorbed moisture, and decomposed into its three parts when bounced around in long trips. It would not not burn if packed too tightly. By 1500 serpentine powder was replaced by corned gunpowder, which was pressed into pellets and screened to a uniform size.

==Mining==
In terms of civilian uses, the technique of gunpowder blasting for mining was first demonstrated by Caspar Weindel at Schemnitz, Lower Hungary in 1627. A hole was drilled behind a rock and a fuse ignited the gunpowder, which broke up the rock. The technique spread across western Europe by the 1660s, greatly facilitating mining operations. Dynamite later replaced gunpowder for this purpose, shortly after it was invented in the late 1860s by Swedish chemist [[Alfred Nobel]], who endowed the Nobel prizes.

==Military Uses==
Gunpowder was used as a propellant for [[rocket]]s, and to propel shot in cannons and naval guns. During the late 14th and early 15th centuries, Chinese gunpowder technology spread to the whole of Southeast Asia via both the overland and maritime routes, long before the arrival of European firearms. The impact of Chinese firearms revolutionized warfare in India and neighboring areas.

Sieges were the primary form of warfare in the Middle Ages in Europe. During the period 1346-1500 cannon complemented catapults in siege warfare; only after 1480 did technical improvements in gunpowder and metallurgy render catapults obsolete. Cannons shooting lead, iron or stone projectiles could knock down a castle's high walls, hence the castle had to be abandoned. New fortifications were invented, such as the star shape, such that each wall sloped away from the attacker, reducing the impact of the cannon. One of the main innovators was Italian architect Francesco Di Giorgio, who woked in southern Italy.<ref>Michael S. A. Dechert, "The Military Architecture of Francesco Di Giorgio in Southern Italy." ''Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians'' 1990 49(2): 161-180. Issn: 0037-9808 Fulltext: [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0037-9808(199006)49%3A2%3C161%3ATMAOFD%3E2.0.CO%3B2-3 in Jstor]</ref>

==Naval warfare==
Few technological developments in the history of warfare have been as portentous as the appearance around the turn of the 16th century of effective heavy gunpowder ordnance on shipboard, which began a new era in sea warfare. Employed on Mediterranean war galleys and Portuguese caravels, the weapons marked the solution of a series of daunting technological problems, beginning with the appearance of gunpowder in Europe about 1300. Unlike developments on land, change was at first gradual, but shortly after 1400 the pace of development sharply accelerated to culminate in what may legitimately be termed a revolution in firepower at sea.<ref>Guilmartin, "The Earliest Shipboard Gunpowder Ordinance" (2007)</ref>

==Smokeless powder==
Black powder has gradually been superseded in common use by other propellants which provide higher energy density, lack of smoke, or other desirable properties. In the mid-19th century chemists realized that black-powder smoke wasted fuel, reducing muzzle velocity, while a smokeless powder converted all its fuel, allowing for increased velocity of projectiles. Increased velocity was necessary for rapid-fire shells and in battle against ironclad vessels. In 1884, Frenchman Paul Vieille invented smokeless gunpowder.

To obtain maximum effectiveness from the longer barrel on naval guns, the burning rate of the powder needed to be closely controlled. Much experimentation was performed on the effect of size and shape of powder particles on rate of burning, and larger grains were provided for larger guns. Changes in composition were also experimented with, and in the 1880s brown powder made from under-burnt charcoal was adopted as one means of decreasing the burning rate. A serious drawback of these gunpowders was that only about half of the mixture was converted into gas, the remainder becoming a dense smoke. The French in 1886 adopted smokeless powder made of [[nitrocellulose]] (gun-cotton). Four years later, the Royal Navy began using smokeless powder made from a nitroglycerine base. Both these compounds liberated four to five times as much energy as did the black powder used earlier. In addition, these chemically homogeneous powders could be formed readily into grains so shaped as to control the rate of burning. This gave a uniform pressure, permitting a higher projectile velocity without straining the gun.

Black powder continued in use as an igniter for the propellant charge, particularly in the larger guns. With later developments, propellants consisting of either nitrocellulose or nitroglycerine were described as "single-base" powder; others containing both were described as "double-base"; and a third category containing nitrocellulose, nitroglycerine, and other chemicals was called "triple-base" or "multiple-base." At the close of the 19th century, the U.S. Navy followed the lead of the French and adopted a nitrocellulose powder as a propellant charge.

This proved reasonably satisfactory until World War II night engagements, when smokeless powder was objectionable because its flash temporarily blinded the ships' crews. Various flash suppressors were devised and mixed with the powder, which was formed into grains for small guns and into pellets for the larger guns. The British used a multiple-based powder, Cordite N, which was relatively flash-free, but which the U.S. Navy considered to be brittle, unduly sensitive to shock, and hazardous in hot climates. As a result, the United States developed other flashless powders and was placing one of them, Albanite, in large scale production at the end of World War II.

Despite the adoption of smokeless powder, black powder still continued in use as a burster charge for projectiles until just before World War I, when more powerful and less sensitive explosives were adopted. In the U.S. Navy, trinitrotoluene ([[TNT]]) was adopted for smaller projectiles and Explosive D (ammonium picrate) for the larger ones. These continued in use throughout World War II, although by the end of the war more powerful explosives had come into use, particularly in the smaller antiaircraft projectiles. If the entire spectra of powder uses is considered—torpedoes, mines, aerial bombs, and rockets, as well as large and small projectiles—the trend in explosive development, beginning with the adoption of smokeless powder, was to recognize the special demands of various uses and to formulate specialized compounds tailor-made to particular requirements.

==Quotes==
* The phrase: ''"Put your trust in God and keep your powder dry"'' - or similar - is attributed to [[Oliver Cromwell]].

==Bibliography==
* Buchanan, Brenda J. ed. ''Gunpowder: The History of an International Technology,'' (1996) 430pp [https://books.google.com/books?id=7n6Cg9znFrUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:gunpowder&lr=&num=30&as_brr=0&ei=CCS1R96qCJb4tgOG39yXBQ&sig=2n5yoCm5T4NxzhoUBnVPbf2v10A excerpt and text search]
* Cocroft, Wayne. ''Dangerous Energy: The Archaeology of Gunpowder and Military Explosives'' (2000) 222 pages
* Cook Jr., Weston F. ''The Hundred Years War for Morocco: Gunpowder and the Military Revolution in the Early Modern Muslim World,'' (1994) [http://www.questia.com/read/26181122 online edition]
* DeVries, Kelly. ''Guns and Men in Medieval Europe, 1200-1500'' (2002)
* Guilmartin, John F., Jr. "The Earliest Shipboard Gunpowder Ordnanace: an Analysis of its Technical Parameters and Tactical Capabilities." ''Journal of Military History'' 2007 71(3): 649-669. Issn: 0899-3718 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]], focus on 14-16th century naval uses
* Guilmartin, John F., Jr. ''Gunpowder and Galleys: Changing Technology and Mediterranean Warfare at Sea in the 16th Century'' (2nd ed. 2003).
* Hall, Bert S. ''Weapons and Warfare in Renaissance Europe: Gunpowder, Technology, and Tactics'' (1997) 300pp
**Hall, Bert. "Black Powder in the Fifteenth Century," in ''Weapons and Warfare in Renaissance Europe'' (1997).
* Kelly, Jack. ''Gunpowder: Alchemy, Bombards, and Pyrotechnics: The History of the Explosive that Changed the World.'' (2004). 288 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Gunpowder-Alchemy-Bombards-Pyrotechnics-Explosive/dp/B00076F07K/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1203019193&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* McNeil, William. "The Gunpowder Revolution." ''MHQ: the Quarterly Journal of Military History'' 1990 3(1): 8-17. Issn: 1040-5992
* McNeil, William. ''The Pursuit of Power: Technology, Armed Forces and Society since 1000 AD'' (1982), has a great deal on gunpowder's role
* Mauskopf, Seymour H. "Gunpowder and the Chemical Revolution." ''Osiris'' 1988 4: 93-118. Issn: 0369-7827 Fulltext: [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0369-7827(1988)2%3A4%3C93%3AGATCR%3E2.0.CO%3B2-9 in Jstor]
* Mauskopf, Seymour H. "Chemistry and Cannon: J.-L. Proust and Gunpowder Analysis," ''Technology and Culture,'' Vol. 31, No. 3 (Jul., 1990), pp. 398–426 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0040-165X(199007)31%3A3%3C398%3ACACJPA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Q in JSTOR]
* Needham, Joseph and Ho, Ping-yü. ''Science and Civilization in China. Vol. 5: Chemistry and Chemical Technology. Part 7: Military Technology: The Gunpowder Epic.'' (1986). 703 pp.
* Norris, John. ''Early Gunpowder Artillery: C.1300-1600'' (2003) 144 pages
* Partington, J. R. ''A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder'' (1960, reprinted 1999) 420pp; standard history, but weak on Arabic and Chinese uses
===Primary sources===
* Anderson, William. ''Sketch of the mode of manufacturing gunpowder at the Ishapore mills'' (1862) [https://books.google.com/books?id=-lEBAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:gunpowder&lr=&num=30&as_brr=1&ei=rSS1R9TVAoKAsgOJpsyGBQ full text online]

====notes====
<references/>

[[Category:Weapons]]

Radon

2019-01-10T04:52:51Z

Timothy17: i added a link, and a word to better explain

'''Radon''' is a [[noble gas]]. It is not to be confused with [[radium]], an [[alkali earth metal]]. The atomic weight of Radon-222, the most common isotope, is 222.0175777.

Radon is a radioactive gas which comes from the natural decay of [[uranium]] in the ground. The [[EPA]] claims that it is a health hazard and causes cancer in people and animals exposed to it, though many [[conservative]] commentators and some industrial hygienists<ref>Connell, C.P. ''Radon: Truth vs. myth''; Forensic Applications Consulting Technologies, Inc. [http://www.forensic-applications.com/radon/radon.html]</ref> state that the dangers are significantly exaggerated.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Elements]]
{{Periodic table}}

Astatine

2018-04-04T18:29:03Z

Timothy17: /* Uses */ I added a link

{{Element | name=Astatine | symbol=At | anumber=85 | amass=210 amu | noe=85 | class=Non-Metal | cstructure=Unknown | color=Unknown | date=1940 | discname=[[D. R. Corson]] | origname=From the Greek ''astatos''. | uses=Unknown | obtained=Man-made. }}

'''Astatine''' is extremely rare in nature, and in fact, there is only about an ounce (about a teaspoonful) in the earth's crust at any one moment. It may be prepared in the lab, but still only in very small quantities. Not much is known about the physical properties of astatine because of its rarity and short [[half-life]]. One may speculate that it would react similarly to [[iodine]], and following the periodic trend, astatine would presumably sublimate into a dark purple or blue gas, and have a dark metallic luster when solid.

== Uses ==

Astatine is far too rare to have any uses, but some researchers think that astatine would behave like [[iodine]]. If so, it could be used to treat certain diseases of the thyroid, such as [[thyroid]] cancer. When swallowed, the astatine would go to the thyroid. There, the [[radiation]] it gives off would kill cancer cells in the gland.

{{Periodic table}}

Barium

2018-04-04T18:25:08Z

Timothy17: start

{{Element | name=Barium | symbol=Ba | anumber=56 | amass=137.3 amu | state=solid | class=Alkaline Earth | cstructure=Cubic | color=Silver | date=1808 | discname=[[Sir Humphrey Davy]] | origname=From the Greek ''barys'', meaning ''heavy''. | uses=Ingestion of barium is used in [[radiography]] to allow the alimentary canal to be viewed by [[x-ray]].| obtained=Barytine or Whiterite. }}

Barium is a soft, silvery metal which is highly reactive.
[[Category:Metals]]
{{Periodic table}}

User talk:Timothy17

2018-04-04T18:21:42Z

Timothy17:

{{greeting
|username=DavidB4
|sig=--[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]]) 11:19, 21 March 2018 (EDT)
}}

Thank you for the information --[[User:Timothy17|Timothy17]] ([[User talk:Timothy17|talk]]) 14:21, 4 April 2018 (EDT)

Heresy

2018-03-21T15:14:49Z

Timothy17: link to non-existent page

'''Heresy''' is the act of speaking against the doctrine of an established [[Religion|religious]] organization, or simply having private beliefs that are not in accordance with the officially-endorsed position. Heresy differs entirely from [[apostasy]].

In early [[Christianity]], '''heresy''' was a recurring problem as people pretending to be [[Christian]]s would advocate doctrines contrary to the [[Bible]]. As heresy was seen as a great threat to the church, spurious allegations of heresy were also used by rival ecclesiarchs to attack their enemies. A series of [[Councils]] were held to establish official doctrine, in some cases leading to [[Great Schism|schisms]], such as the split between the [[Roman Catholic]] and [[Eastern Orthodox]] Churches in the eleventh century (1054).

Today, accusations of heresy are not as widespread as they once were, but some Christians may privately consider those of other denominations to be heretics.

Historically, [[theology|theological]] points that have proved fertile sources of heretical beliefs include:
*The nature of [[Jesus Christ|Christ]], i.e. whether he was both [[God]] and [[Man]], or one or the other, or something else entirely (e.g. [[Arianism]]).
*The [[soul]], whether it exists and what happens to it after [[death]] (e.g. Epicurianism).
*What humans have to do to enter [[Heaven]], e.g. whether [[faith]] alone is sufficient (e.g. [[Pelagianism]]).
*Arguing that religions other than Christianity are pathways to salvation.

Today these questions may seem unimportant and difficult to answer one way or the other, but during the early centuries of the church, countless hours were devoted to [[Bible|Biblical]] study in search of the truth, and disagreements often led to ostracism, [[violence]] and persecution. In [[Dante's Inferno]], heresy is one of only four [[sin]]s that are punished with [[fire]] (the other three being [[simony]], wicked counsel, and [[violence]] against God).

Conservative Christian historians and [[Christian apologetics|apologists]] are mindful of this statement from the year 1521<ref>Luther's statement here is supremely [[Irony|ironic]] in light of his refusal to submit to the judgment of the Church, the emperor Charles V, and the [[Pope]], and the teaching of Paul in [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+13:1-5&version=KJV Romans 13:1-5].</ref>:<blockquote>
"...there is no one of the heresies which have torn the bosom of the church, which has not derived its origin from the various interpretation of the Scripture. The Bible itself is the arsenal whence each innovator has drawn his deceptive arguments. It was with biblical texts that [[Pelagianism|Pelagius]] and [[Arius]] maintained their doctrines. Arius, for instance, found the negation of the eternity of the Word—an eternity which you admit, in this verse of the New Testament—''Joseph knew not his wife till she had brought forth her first-born son''; and he said, in the same way that you say, that this passage '''enchained''' him. When the fathers of the [[Council of Constance]] condemned this proposition of [[John Huss]]—''The church of Jesus Christ is only the community of the elect'', they condemned an error; for the church, like a good mother, embraces within her arms all who bear the name of Christian, all who are called to enjoy the celestial beatitude."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/luther/lutherbyluther.html#secondnarrative|title=Life of Luther (Luther by Martin Luther)|author=Martin Luther|publisher=}}</ref>
</blockquote>See [http://biblehub.com/multi/hebrews/13-17.htm Hebrews 13:17] and [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/hebrews/13-17.htm commentaries on Hebrews 13:17]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
== See also ==

*[[Apostasy]]

*[[Blasphemy]]

*[[Specious reasoning]]

*[[Revelation, Book of (historical exegesis)#Five common methods of interpretation|Revelation, Book of (historical exegesis): Five common methods of interpretation]]

*[[Great Apostasy]]

*''[[Atheist Delusions]]''

== External links ==
'''[https://www.catholic.com/tract/the-great-heresies The Great Heresies]''' ''list of heresies committed by Catholics''

[http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Leo10/l10exdom.htm '''''Exsurge Domine'' Condemning the Errors of Martin Luther''': Pope Leo X - 1520 - Papal Encyclicals Online (papalencyclicals.net)] ''"Wise in their own eyes, according to the ancient practice of heretics, they interpret these same Scriptures otherwise than the Holy Spirit demands, inspired only by their own sense of ambition, and for the sake of popular acclaim, as the Apostle declares. In fact, they twist and adulterate the Scriptures. As a result, according to Jerome, 'It is no longer the Gospel of Christ, but a man’s, or what is worse, the devil’s.' "'' (Note to the reader: The numbered statements listed in the document are not the teaching of the Catholic Church, but are specific propositions of Martin Luther condemned by the Catholic Church. In other words, the numbered statements are presented as the actual teachings of Luther against the doctrines of the Catholic Church.)

[http://jesus-is-savior.com/False%20Religions/Roman%20Catholicism/catholic_heresies-a_list.htm '''False Religions: List of Catholic Heresies and Human Traditions Adopted and Perpetuated by the Roman Catholic Church in the course of 1600 years.''' Rev. Stephen L. Testa (jesus-is-savior.com)] ''The first heresy that Pastor Testa lists is ''"Wax candles introduced into the church"'' in the year 320. The selective use of [[Cafeteria Christians#Proof texts|Proof texts]] in the article is a classic example of [[Confirmation bias]] for the purpose of [[Polemic]].''

[http://orthodoxinfo.com/ecumenism/prot_rc_heresy.aspx '''Are Protestantism and Roman Catholicism Heretical?''' - Orthodox Christian Information Center (orthodoxinfo.com)] ''" ... to help my fellow Orthodox brothers and sisters to understand that much of the rhetoric we hear today regarding Western Christians is not faithful to Holy Tradition. It thus undermines the unity and uniqueness of the one true Church—the Orthodox Church—, which embodies the very criterion of Christianity, being the sole preserver of the unadulterated Apostolic and Holy Tradition."''

[http://www.thepoorinspirit.com/post/51109756949/fundamentalist-heretics '''Fundamentalist Heretics''' (thepoorinspirit.com)] ''The author asserts that fundamentalist Christians can go too far, can become extremists, and in doing so become heretics themselves without realizing it.''

[http://www.thepropheticyears.com/comments/Apostasy%20in%20the%20Church.HTM '''Apostasy in the church and false doctrines of men''', By Don Koenig (thepropheticyears.com)] ''"Most of the major Christian denominations have deviated from biblical Christianity in one way or another" — Pastor Koenig lists and analyzes the heretical deviations of the following Christian denominations: The Roman Catholic Church, The Orthodox Catholic Churches, The Protestants, The non-Pentecostal Evangelicals, and The Pentecostals.''

[http://www.scborromeo.org/docs/GAUDIUM%20ET%20SPES.pdf '''Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World ''Gaudium et Spes''''' Promulgated by His Holiness Pope Paul VI on December 7, 1965 (scborromeo.org)] pdf ''Includes analysis of the phenomenon of atheism and disbelief, why and how people turn away from the truth of the Gospel''.

[[Category:Heresies]]
[[Category:Religion]]
[[Category:Sin]]

God

2018-03-21T15:03:43Z

Timothy17: proper noun

''This article is about the biblical God. For the term as used to refer to any divine being, see [[Other gods]]''
[[Image:Alphaomega.jpg|thumb|200px|God is the Alpha and Omega, the first and last, the beginning and the ending <ref>Revelation 22:13</ref>]]
{{trinity}}
{{cquote|'''Genesis 1:1''' In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.}}
'''God''' is the sovereign creator and eternal ruler of all things and beings that exist, whether in the physical [[universe]] or in the spiritual realm ([[Heaven]]). Not only is God the creator and ruler of the things and beings within those two realms, but He is also the creator of the realms themselves. God created the physical universe, and before He acted in this creation, the universe did not exist. Likewise God did with the spiritual realm.

== God is Revealed: How we know about God ==

Other than creation itself, God is revealed in several ways, including [[theological correlates]], conscience, and special revelation (the [[Bible]], and prophets). Most importantly though, God is revealed in [[Jesus Christ]], who is the Son of God.

[[File:Mezquita Catedral Cordoba.jpg|frame|center|[[Cathedral]] Cordoba, Spain.]]

== Attributes or Character of God ==
[[File:Rembrandt Ascension.jpg|thumb|[[Rembrandt]], Ascension.]]
The attributes of God are things that describe who He is. Similar to the way one might describe a close friend to another individual, so too do these attributes describe God's character and nature. Attributes of God include but are not limited to [[Wisdom]], [[Infinitude]], [[Sovereignty]], [[Holiness]], [[Trinity]], [[Omniscience]], [[Faithfulness]], [[Love]], [[Omnipotence]], Self-existence, Self-sufficiency, [[Justice]], [[Immutability]], [[Mercy]], [[Eternal]], [[Goodness]], Graciousness, and [[Omnipresence]]. These attributes all work in complete and perfect harmony with one another.

God exercises eternal and righteous judgment of the wicked in [[hell]], because of an inherent problem in the human heart, namely [[Sin]]. According to the [[Bible]], the sacrifice of [[Jesus Christ]] on the cross of [[Calvary]] and then [[resurrection]], is God's merciful and gracious response to the problem of the human heart.

=== God is Triune ===
{{main|Trinity}}

Although the Bible does not use the term, it is clear that God is a triune God, or three in one.
These are sometimes referred to as ''God the Father'', ''God the Son'' ([[Jesus Christ|Jesus]]), and the ''[[Holy Spirit]]''.

The first hint of the Trinity is in {{Bible ref|Genesis|1|26}} which relates God saying, "Let us make man in our image", indicating that God is a plurality.

The three persons of God are treated as equivalents in these words of Jesus shortly after His resurrection:
{{Bible quote|Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.|book=Matthew|chap=28|verses=19|version=NIV}}

==== Jesus is God ====
[[Image:Pieta.jpg|thumb|270px|[[Pieta]], [[Michelangelo]].]]

The first verse of the [[Gospel of John]], in which Jesus is referred to as the "Word", makes clear that Jesus is synonymous with God:
{{Bible quote|In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.|book=John|chap=1|verses=1|version=NIV}}
This verse not only says that "the Word" (Jesus) is synonymous with God, but also says that the Word was "in the beginning", which means that He existed before all else existed, something that is only true of God.

This is reinforced two verses later, in which Jesus is described as the creator.
[[Genesis]] refers to God as being the Creator.
{{Bible quote|Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made.|book=John|chap=1|verses=3|version=NIV}}

==== The Holy Spirit is God ====

In the following passage, the [[Holy Spirit]] is referred to as God:
{{Bible quote|Then Peter said, "Ananias, how is it that Satan has so filled your heart that you have lied to the Holy Spirit and have kept for yourself some of the money you received for the land? Didn't it belong to you before it was sold? And after it was sold, wasn't the money at your disposal? What made you think of doing such a thing? You have not lied to men but to God."|book=Acts|chap=5|verses=3-4|version=NIV}}

=== God is omniscient ===
{{main|omniscience}}

God knows everything:
{{Bible quote|This then is how we know that we belong to the truth, and how we set our hearts at rest in his presence whenever our hearts condemn us. For God is greater than our hearts, and he knows everything.|book=1_John|chap=3|verses=19-20|version=NIV}}

Because God is outside of [[time]], He can see and knows the [[past]] and the [[future]] as well as the present.

== "God" sometimes used to refer to God the Father ==
[[Image:Velasco Padre Eterno.jpg|thumb|left|180px|God the Father by [[Jose Maria Velasco]] (1840-1912).]]
In the Bible, the word "God" (θεός) does not always refer to God's being as a whole, but more specifically refers to the Person of the Father (God the Father). Here are some verses which demonstrate this:
{{cquote|'''John 3:16''' (NASB) For God so loved the world, that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him shall not perish, but have eternal life.}}
{{cquote|'''1 John 4:10''' (NASB) In this is love, not that we loved God, but that He loved us and sent His Son to be the propitiation for our sins.}}
Notice how in each case, "Father" can be substituted for "God." For example, "For the ''Father'' so loved the world, that He gave His only begotten Son," and "not that we loved the ''Father'', but that He loved us and sent His Son."
{{Clear}}

== Terminology ==

The Bible uses several different words to refer to God.
"God" itself is not a name, but an [[Old English]] word meaning ''supreme being, deity'',<ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=god God] Online Etymology Dictionary.</ref> which the translators who translated the Bible in to English chose as the appropriate English word for the [[Hebrew]] ''elohim'' and the [[Greek]] ''theos'' used in the [[Old Testament]] and [[New Testament]] respectively.<ref name="DPK">Kruse, Dale P.,[http://www.layevangelism.com/advtxbk/sections/sect-10/sec10-9.htm More on the ''Names'' of God In the Bible], Advanced Training Program of Evangelism.</ref>

The other main term for God is the Hebrew ''adonai'', usually translated ''Lord''.
There are various compound words also used in the Bible, such as ''el shaddai'', which means ''God Almighty'' ("''el''" is a short version of ''elohim'').<ref name="DPK" />

''YHWH'' is given in the Bible as God's actual name. In most English Bibles it is translated as ''Lord'', in small capitals. The name has various other English versions, including Yehovah, Jehovah, and Yahweh.<ref>McHyde, Tim, [http://www.escapeallthesethings.com/yahweh.htm God’s Name: LORD, Yahweh, Yahveh, YHWH, YHVH, Jehovah or Yehovah?]</ref>

== Resources on becoming a Christian ==
[[File:Hoffman Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane.jpg|thumbnail|170px||Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane by Heinrich Hofmann.]]

''see also:'' [[Resources on becoming a Christian]]

'''Below are some resources on becoming a [[Christian]]:'''

*[http://www.jesusfilm.org/film-and-media/watch-the-film Jesus film - free access]

*[http://www.thewordfortoday.org/?page=C2000 Free audio Bible and Bible audio streaming]

*[http://www.gotquestions.org/repentance.html Repentance]

*[http://www.allaboutgod.com/ AllAboutGod.com]

*[[Video testimonies of Christians]]

'''Tips on choosing a Christian church:'''

*[http://www.allaboutreligion.org/choosing-a-christian-church-faq.htm Choosing a Christian Church]

'''Spiritual growth as a Christian:'''

*[http://www.navpress.com/product/9781576839324/The-Pursuit-of-Holiness-Jerry-Bridges The Pursuit of Holiness] by Jerry Bridges
*[http://www.navpress.com/product/9780891099413/The-Practice-of-Godliness-Jerry-Bridges The Practice of Godliness] by Jerry Bridges
*[http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/529785.The_Complete_Book_of_Discipleship The Complete Book of Discipleship: On Being and Making Followers of Christ]

==See also==
*[[Other gods]]
*[[Atheism]]
*[[Christianity in Conservapedia]]
*[[Bible Art Gallery]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.gotquestions.org/who-is-God.html Who is God?], at [[GotQuestions]]
*[https://www.gotquestions.org/what-is-God.html What is God?], at [[GotQuestions]]
*[https://www.gotquestions.org/is-there-a-God.html Is there a God?], at [[GotQuestions]]
*[https://answersingenesis.org/jesus-christ/jesus-is-god/10-biblical-reasons-jesus-is-god/ 10 Biblical Reasons Jesus Is God], by Simon Turpin at [[Answers in Genesis]], August 8, 2017
*[http://www.theopedia.com/God Theopedia - God]
*[http://christiananswers.net/dictionary/god.html ChristianAnswers.net - God]
*[http://wikible.org/en/God Wikible.org - God]

{{Conservatism}}

[[Category:Christianity]]
[[Category:Divine Beings]]