Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Castleford Tigers

2009-12-25T17:11:06Z

Timothyjones:

[[Image:Castleford Tigers logo.jpg|125px|right|frame|Castleford Tigers logo]]'''Castleford Tigers Rugby League Football Club'''<ref>[http://www.castigers.com/cgi-bin/main.cgi Castleford Tigers official site]</ref><ref>[http://www.superleague.co.uk/club.php?id=33448 Super League: Castleford Tigers]</ref> are an [[England|English]] [[rugby league]] club based in the town of Castleford, West Yorkshire. They are current members of the professional top-flight European competition, the [[Super League (Europe)|Engage Super League]]<ref>[http://www.superleague.co.uk Super League official web site]</ref>.
<div style="position:absolute; z-index:-1;position:absolute; top:-100px; right:-500px; ">[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg]]</div>

==History==
The club was founded in 1926 as Castleford RLFC and added "Tigers" to their name for the 1992/2 season. Their home ground is known as "The Jungle" after a former commercial sponsor (Jungle.com) but was previously known by it's street location of "Wheldon Road". The club's current sponsor is the catlog-retailer Argos. The club are sometimes known as 'Cas', 'Cas Tigers' or 'Classy Cas'.

The club was relegated from the Super League in 2006 but regained admission for the 2008 season.

==Honors==

===Challenge Cup Winners===

*1935
*1969
*1970
*1986

===Super League===

*Best position: 5th (2000)

==Notes & references==
<references/>

{{Nb_sl super league europe}}

Burglary

2009-12-25T17:10:53Z

Timothyjones:

A '''burglary''' is the act of illegal entry with the intent to commit a felony.

Household burglary is the unlawful or forcible entry or attempted entry of a residence. This [[crime]] usually, but not always, involves [[theft]]. The illegal entry may be by [[force]], such as breaking a [[window]] or slashing a screen, or may be without force by entering through an unlocked door or an open window. As long as the person entering has no legal right to be present in the structure a burglary has occurred. Furthermore, the structure need not be the house itself for a burglary to take place; illegal entry of a garage, shed, or any other structure on the premises also constitutes household burglary. If breaking and entering occurs in a [[hotel]] or vacation residence, it is still classified as a burglary for the household whose member or members were staying there at the time the entry occurred.
<div style="position:absolute; z-index:-1;position:absolute; top:-100px; right:-500px; ">[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg]]</div>
*Completed burglary is a form of burglary in which a person who has no legal right to be present in the structure successfully gains entry to a residence, by use of force, or without force.
*Forcible entry is a form of completed burglary in which force is used to gain entry to a residence. Some examples include breaking a window or slashing a screen.
*Unlawful entry without force is a form of completed burglary committed by someone having no legal right to be on the premises, even though no force is used.
*Attempted forcible entry is a form of burglary in which force is used in an attempt to gain entry.

Burglaries can be prevented by means known as target hardening, such as locking your doors, securing your valuables, and purchasing an alarm system,carrying a [[gun]] on your person if legal in your place of residence helps to protect against burgalars

[[Category:Legal Terms]]
[[category:crimes]]

Horatio Alger

2009-12-25T17:10:36Z

Timothyjones: how many sysops do you have? 2?

[[Image:HoratioAlgerJr.jpg‎|right|thumb|250px|Horatio Alger Jr.]]
'''Horatio Alger Jr.''' (1832 - 1899) was born on Friday the 13th of January, 1832 in Chelsea, [[Massachusetts]], the oldest of five children. He was the [[author]] of over 100 books for boys in which the heroes rose from rags to riches through virtue and hard work. His mother, Olive Alger, was the daughter of a wealthy merchant. His father, Horatio Alger Sr. was a Unitarian Minister.

In 1848, at 16, Alger was accepted to [[Harvard University]] with financial assistance from his father’s cousin Cyrus Alger. Studying under such famous teachers as [[Henry Wadsworth Longfellow]], he started to show his writing skills with poetry and academic essays on topics from chivalry to [[Miguel de Cervantes]], earning the title Class Poet and winning many awards and prizes. <ref>[http://www.thehoratioalgersociety.org/]The Horatio Alger Society</ref>
<div style="position:absolute; z-index:-1;position:absolute; top:-100px; right:-500px; ">[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg]]</div>
== What is a “Horatio Alger story”? ==

A “Horatio Alger story” are ones of redemption, and have deep roots in our religious history. The two most well-known stories in the Bible are stories of redemption. In Hebrew scripture, we are told that for years the Israelites suffered slavery in [[Egypt]] under Pharaoh. Then Moses led his people to freedom, to a ''new covenant'' with [[God]], and to the Promised Land. Something good came out of something bad. In Christian Scripture, we are told the story about [[Jesus]] suffering and dying on the Cross, but then rising again after three days, saving all humanity from punishment from sin. Again, something good came out of something bad.

The [[Puritans]] who came to America compared themselves to the Israelites, and told a story of [[redemption]] about themselves. They were persecuted in Europe and suffered through living in the Massachusetts’ wilderness before creating a new society, a city on a hill to be an example to the world. Other stories of redemption, less religious and more secular, are a part of American history too.

The story that [[Benjamin Franklin]] tells of himself in his Autobiography is a story of redemption - - a story about of a poor, dirty 17-year-old boy becoming a prosperous citizen, one who helped found the [[United States of America]], and guide it through its early years.

What most people don’t know is that Horatio Alger was a lapsed Unitarian Minister, dismissed from his congregation after being falsely accused of “sexual improprieties". After contemplating suicide, Alger went on to write more than 100 books, most of of which were rags-to-riches stories about young men who overcame adversity through hard work and a commitment to moral living. In an ironic twist of fate, the books never sold well during Alger’s lifetime, but became bestsellers after his death, and are still widely read and quoted even now, more than a hundred years after his death. Even in his own death, and writing success after death, Alger was himself ultimately a story of redemption himself.

[[Image:ALGER_bookcover.JPG‎|right|thumb|200px ]]
== Bibliography ==
<div class="references-small" {{#if: {{{colwidth|}}}| style="-moz-column-width:{{{colwidth}}}; -webkit-column-width:{{{colwidth}}}; column-width:{{{colwidth}}};" | {{#if: 2| style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;" |}}>
* [[Abraham Lincoln]]: the Backwoods Boy; or, How A Young Rail-Splitter Became President (1883)
* Adrift in [[New York]]; or, Tom and Florence Braving the World (1904)
* Adrift in the City; or, Oliver Conrad's Plucky Fight (1902)
* Andy Grant's Pluck (1902)
* Ben Bruce. Scenes in the Life of a Bowery Newsboy (1901)
* Ben Logan's Triumph; or, The Boys of Boxwood Academy (1908)
* Ben's Nugget; or, A Boy's Search for Fortune (1882)
* Ben The Luggage Boy; or, Among the Wharves (1870)
* Bernard Brooks' Adventures. The Story of a Brave Boy's Trials (1903)
* Bertha's Christmas Vision. An Autumn Sheaf (1856)
* Bob Burton; or, The Young Ranchman of the Missouri (1888)
* Bound to Rise; or, Up the Ladder (1873)
* A Boy's Fortune; or, The Strange Adventures of Ben Baker (1898)
* Brave and Bold; or, The Fortunes of Robert Rushton (1874)
* Frank Fowler, the Cash Boy (1887)
* Cast Upon the Breakers (1893)
* Charlie Codman's Cruise. A Story for Boys (1866)
* Chester Rand; or, A New Path to Fortune (1903)* The Cousin's Conspiracy
* Dan, the Detective (1884)
* Dean Dunham; or, The Waterford Mystery (1891)
* A Debt of Honor. The Story of Gerald Lane's Success in the Far West (1900)
* Digging for Gold. A Story of California (1892)
* The Disagreeable Woman; A Social Mystery (1895)
* Do and Dare; or A Brave Boy's Fight for Fortune (1884)
* The Erie Train Boy (1890)
* The Errand Boy; or, How Phil Brent Won Success (1888)
* Facing the World; or, The Haps and Mishaps of Harry Vane (1893)
* Fair Harvard (book) (1852)
* Falling in With Fortune; or, The Experiences of a Young Secretary (1900)
* Fame and Fortune; or, The Progress of Richard Hunter (1868)
* Finding a Fortune (1904)
* Five Hundred Dollars; or, Jacob Marlowe's Secret (1890)
* Forging Ahead (1903)
* Frank and Fearless; or, The Fortunes of Jasper Kent (1897)
* Frank Hunter's Peril (1896)
* Frank's Campaign; or, What Boys can do on the Farm for the Camp (1864)
* From Canal Boy to President; or, The Boyhood and Manhood of James A. Garfield (1881)
* From Farm Boy to Senator: Being the History of the Boyhood and Manhood of Daniel Webster (1882)
* From Farm to Fortune; or Nat Nason's Strange Experience (1905)
* Grand'ther Baldwin's Thanksgiving (1875)
* Hector's Inheritance; or, The Boys of Smith Institute (1885)
* Helen Ford (1866)
* Helping Himself; or, Grant Thornton's Ambition (1886)
* Herbert Carter's Legacy; or, The Inventor's Son 1875)
* In a New World; or, Among the Gold-Fields of Australia (1893)
* Jack's Ward; or, The Boy Guardian (1875)
* Jed, The Poor House Boy (1899)
* Jerry the Backwoods Boy; or, The Parkhurst Treasure (1904)
* Joe the Hotel Boy, or Winning Out by Pluck (1906)
* Joe's Luck; or Always Wide Awake (1913)
* John Maynard: A Ballad of Lake Erie January (1868)
* Julius; or, The Street Boy out West (1874)
* Lester's Luck (1901)
* Life of Edwin Forrest (William Rounseville Alger) (1877)
* Lost at Sea; or, Robert Roscoe's Strange Cruise (1904)
* Luck And Pluck; or, John Oakley's Inheritance (1869)
* Luke Walton; or, The Chicago Newsboy (1889)
* Making His Mark (1905)
* Marie Bertrand (1864)
* Mark Manning's Mission. The Story of a Shoe Factory Boy (1905)
* Mark Mason's Victory; or, The Trials and Triumphs of a Telegraph Boy (1899)
* Mark Stanton (1890)
* Mark the Match Boy; or, Richard Hunter's Ward (1869)
* Ned Newton; or, The Fortunes of a New York Bootblack (1890)
* Nelson the Newsboy; or, Afloat in New York (1901)
* A New York Boy (1890)
* The New Schoolma'am; or, A Summer in North Sparta (anonymous 1877)
* Nothing to Do: A Tilt at Our Best Society (1857)
* Nothing To Eat (1857)
* Number 91; or, The Adventures of a New York Telegraph Boy (1887)
* The Odds Against Him; or, Carl Crawford's Experience (1890)
* Only an Irish Boy; Or, Andy Burke's Fortunes and Misfortunes (1894)
* Out for Business; or, Robert Frost's Strange Career (1900)
* Paul Prescott's Charge: A Story for Boys (1865)
* Paul the Peddler; or the Fortunes of a Young Street Merchant (1871)
* Phil the Fiddler; or, The Story of a Young Street Musician (1872)
* Ragged Dick; or, Street Life in New York with the Bootblacks (1868)
* Ralph Raymond's Heir; or, The Merchant's Crime (1869)
* Randy of the River; or, The Adventures of a Young Deckhand (1906)
* Risen from the Ranks; or, Harry Walton's Success (1874)
* Robert Coverdale's Struggle; or, On the Wave of Success (1910)
* A Rolling Stone; or, The Adventures of a Wanderer (1902)
* Rough and Ready; or, Life Among the New York Newsboys (1869)
* Rufus and Rose; or, The Fortunes of Rough and Ready (1870)
* Rupert's Ambition (1899)
* Sam's Chance; and How He Improved It (1876)
* In Search of Treasure. The Story of Guy's Eventful Voyage
* Seeking His Fortune, And Other Dialogues (1875)
* Shifting for Himself; or, Gilbert Greyson's Fortune's (1876)
* Silas Snobden's Office Boy (1899)
* Sink or Swim; or, Harry Raymond's Resolve (1870)
* Slow and Sure; The Story of Paul Hoffman the Young Street-Merchant (1872)
* The Store Boy; or, The Fortunes of Ben Barclay (1887)
* St. Nicholas (novel) (1875)
* Strive and Succeed; or, The Progress of Walter Conrad (1872)
* Striving for Fortune; or, Walter Griffith's Trials and Successes (1902)
* Strong and Steady; or, Paddle Your Own Canoe (1871)
* Struggling Upward; or, Luke Larkin's Luck (1868)
* Tattered Tom; or, The Story of a Street Arab (1871)
* The Telegraph Boy (1879)
* Timothy Crump's Ward; or, The New Years Loan, And What Became of It (1866)
* Tom Brace: Who He Was and How He Fared (1901)
* Tom Temple's Career (1888)
* Tom Thatcher's Fortune (1888)
* Tom Tracy (1888)
* Tom Turner's Legacy (1902)
* Tony the Hero (1880)
* The Train Boy (1883)
* Try and Trust; or, The Story of a Bound Boy (1873)
* Victor Vane, The Young Secretary (1894)
* Voices of the Past (1849)
* Wait and Hope; or, Ben Bradford's Motto (1877)
* Wait and Win. The Story of Jack Drummond's Pluck (1908)
* Walter Sherwood's Probation (1897)
* A Welcome to May May (1853)
* The Western Boy; or, The Road to Success (1878)
* The World Before Him (1902)
* The Young Acrobat of the Great North American Circus (1888)
* The Young Adventurer; or, Tom's Trip Across the Plains (1878)
* The Young Bank Messenger (1898)
* The Young Boatman of Pine Point (1892)
* The Young Book Agent; or, Frank Hardy's Road to Success (1905)
* Young Captain Jack; or, The Son of a Soldier (1901)
* The Young Circus Rider; or, The Mystery of Robert Rudd (1883)
* The Young Explorer; or, Among the Sierras (1880)
* The Young Miner; or, Tom Nelson in California (1879)
* The Young Musician; or, Fighting His Way (1906)
* The Young Outlaw; or, Adrift In The Streets (1875)
* The Young Salesman (1896)
<ref>[http://www.thehoratioalgersociety.org/al04001.htm]The Horatio Alger Society</ref>
</div>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
The New American Desk Encyclopedia, Penguin Group, 1989

{{DEFAULTSORT:Alger, Horatio}}

[[Category: Christians]]
[[Category: Authors]]

Anchorite

2009-12-25T17:10:14Z

Timothyjones:

An '''anchorite''' (pronounced ANG-kuh-right) is someone who lives in seclusion, typically for [[religious]] reasons. An example would be a hermit.
<div style="position:absolute; z-index:-1;position:absolute; top:-100px; right:-500px; ">[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg]]</div>
The term “anchor” had been used for hundreds of years to describe hermits. The etymology of that term is different from the term anchor used in connection with ships, though the spelling of the latter was influential on the use of the former.
[[category:Religion]]

Solar System

2009-12-25T17:10:03Z

Timothyjones:

The '''Solar System''' includes the [[Sun]] and all the objects in orbit around the sun.<ref>Freedman, Kaufmann: ''Universe'', 7th edition</ref> Objects orbiting the sun include planets, moons, asteroids, and comets.

==Planets==
A [[planet]] is defined as an object that orbits the [[sun]], is massive enough that its own gravity pulls it into a nearly round shape, and is dominant enough to clear away objects in its neighborhood. <ref>http://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/solarsystem/planetsf-20060824.html</ref> There are 8 planets in the solar system. They are, in order of increasing distance from the sun:<ref>The third grade</ref>
*[[Mercury]]
*[[Venus]]
*[[Earth]]
*[[Mars]]
*[[Jupiter]]
*[[Saturn]]
*[[Uranus]]
*[[Neptune]]

The first four planets are [[terrestrial planet]]s, the last 4 planets are jovian planets. Terrestrial planets are small in size, have high densities, and consist of rocky materials. Jovian planets are large in size, have low densities, and consist of gaseous materials.
<div style="position:absolute; z-index:-1;position:absolute; top:-100px; right:-500px; ">[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg]]</div>
==Dwarf Planets==
A [[dwarf planet]] is an object that orbits the sun and has a round shape. The crucial difference between a planet and a dwarf planet is that a dwarf planet is not large enough to clear the neighborhood of its orbit. Currently recognized dwarf planets are:<ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/dwarf-planet</ref>
*[[Pluto]]<sup>[[#Note|[1]]]</sup>
*[[Eris]]
*[[Ceres]]
*[[Makemake]]
*[[Haumea]]

===Note===
<sup>[1]</sup>Pluto was considered a planet until 2006.<ref>http://www.thenewstribune.com/soundlife/story/261408.html</ref>

==Asteroids==
[[Asteroid]]s are irregularly shaped chunks of rocks in the solar system. They exist mostly in 2 places:

*The [[asteroid belt]], which is between the orbits of [[Mars]] and [[Jupiter]]
*The [[Kuiper belt]], which shares its orbit with [[Pluto]]

==Comets==
[[Comets]] are chunks of dust and ice. Some are in an [[ellipse|elliptical]] orbit around the sun, meaning that they will return someday. Some are in a [[hyperbola|hyperbolic]] orbit around the sun, meaning that they will only come into the solar system once and will never return.

== External links ==

*[http://www.solarviews.com/eng/terms.htm Glossary]

== See also ==

[[Milky Way Galaxy]]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Astronomy]]
{{Solarsystem}}

West Bengal

2009-12-25T17:09:49Z

Timothyjones:

'''West Bengal''' is a state of [[India]]. East Bengal is now [[Bangladesh]]

[[Category:Indian States]]
<div style="position:absolute; z-index:-1;position:absolute; top:-100px; right:-500px; ">[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg]]</div>

Heywood Broun

2009-12-25T17:09:38Z

Timothyjones:

'''Heywood Broun''' (1888 - 1939) was an [[American]] [[journalist]].

<blockquote>Broun helped establish the American Newspaper Guild in 1933 and was elected its first president. As well as writing for several newspapers Broun was a regular contributor to the journals, The Nation and The New Republic.<ref>http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAbrounH.htm</ref> </blockquote>

He was noted for his liberal social and political opinions.

== References ==

<references/>
{{DEFAULTSORT:Broun, Heywood}}
[[Category:Journalists]]
<div style="position:absolute; z-index:-1;position:absolute; top:-100px; right:-500px; ">[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg]]</div>

Homologous pair

2009-12-25T17:09:26Z

Timothyjones:

'''Homologous pairs''' refer to the 2 identical (by size) [[chromosomes]] found in diploid organisms, such as humans. Variation between genes on homologs are referred to as [[allele]]s.

[[Category:Cellular Biology]]
<div style="position:absolute; z-index:-1;position:absolute; top:-100px; right:-500px; ">[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg]]</div>

Insular

2009-12-25T17:09:16Z

Timothyjones: that is, unless your brother is a fundy

'''Insular''', literally "of or pertaining to an island", is a term usually used to describe the mindset of one who does not know and does not wish to know of or give credit to matters outside one's existing experience (ie metaphorically one's island). An example would be a person or persons who do not wish to know of matters outside their own country, religion or political viewpoint.

See [[Willful ignorance]].

[[category:psychology]]<div style="position:absolute; z-index:-1;position:absolute; top:-100px; right:-500px; ">[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg]]</div>

Brights Movement

2009-12-25T17:08:45Z

Timothyjones: i mean being gay is ok

The '''Brights Movement''' was started in 2003 by [[Paul Geisert]] and [[Mynga Futrell]] in 2003 in order to assist in the advocacy of a [[Naturalism|naturalistic worldview]].<ref>http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2843/is_2_28/ai_114090211/pg_1</ref><ref>http://www.the-brights.net/vision/faq.html#1</ref> The Brights movement had a media campaign and was announced in [[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] magazine (by evolutionary biologist [[Richard Dawkins]]), ''[[Free Inquiry]]'' (by Richard Dawkins), and on the ''[[New York Times]]'' op-ed page (by the philosopher and atheist [[Daniel Dennett]]).<ref>http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2843/is_2_28/ai_114090211/pg_1</ref> However, according to a 2004 ''[[Skeptical Enquirer]]'' article the movement the "Brights label reinforced a longstanding stereotype. [[Atheism|Atheists]] already have a terrible rap for being coldhearted [[Rationalism|rationalists]] who attend [[Mensa]] gatherings and dismiss religious believers as simple-minded fools."<ref>http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2843/is_2_28/ai_114090211/pg_3</ref> In October of 2003 in a article in ''[[the Guardian]]'' Dawkins associated being a "bright" with being an intellectual.<ref>http://books.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,12084,981412,00.html</ref>
<div style="position:absolute; z-index:-1;position:absolute; top:-100px; right:-500px; ">[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg]]</div>
Notable skeptics and atheists may still embrace the Brights Movement and are listed as "Enthusiastic Brights" at the Brights Movement website.<ref>http://www.the-brights.net/people/enthusiastic/index.html</ref> Examples of individuals listed as Brights are notable skeptics/atheists such as [[Richard Dawkins]], [[Daniel Dennett]], [[Margaret Downy]], [[James Randi]], [[Mel Lipman]], [[Bobbie Kirkhart]], [[Herb Silverman]], [[Michael Shermer]], [[Matt Cherry]], and [[Babu Gogineni]].<ref>http://www.the-brights.net/people/enthusiastic/index.html</ref> Michael Shermer may not be a "enthusiastic Bright", as he stated in 2003 the following: "However, when it became apparent to me that the vast majority of people most likely to fall under the "bright" rubric would not use the label, I became, well, skeptical that it would succeed. For the time being I continue calling myself a skeptic."<ref>http://www.sciscoop.com/story/2003/12/31/73740/169</ref> Shermer also wrote regarding the Brights movement the following: "The reaction was swift and merciless—almost no one, including and especially nonbelievers, agnostics, atheists, humanists, and free thinkers, liked the name, insisting that its elitist implications, along with the natural antonym “dim,” would doom us as a movement."<ref>http://www.skeptic.com/eskeptic/05-01-05.html</ref>

==Criticism==
Chris Mooney wrote in his Skeptical Enquirer article the following:
{{cquote|..a recent attack on the Brights movement in The Wall Street Journal by the conservative thinker [[Dinesh D'Souza]] confirms my worst fears (D'Souza 2003). The article blithely ignores a key caveat that the Brights defenders have explicitly laid out-namely, that the label isn't meant to suggest that religious doubters are smarter than everyone else. But I actually think this misrepresentation ought to be blamed more on Dennett, Dawkins, and the original founders than on D'Souza--for reasons I will explain.

In his original New York Times op-ed announcing the Brights label, Dennett wrote, "Don't confuse the noun with the adjective: 'I'm a Bright' is not a boast but a proud avowal of an inquisitive world view." That's certainly nice in principle. But who did Dennett think he was kidding? How could anyone hear the label Bright and think anything but that atheists were claiming to be smarter than everyone else? As [[ABC News|ABC]] Richard Dawkins News.com commentator John Allen Paulos remarked of the Brights campaign, "I don't think a degree in public relations is needed to expect that many people will construe the term as smug, ridiculous, and arrogant" (Paulos 2003).<ref>http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2843/is_2_28/ai_114090211/pg_2</ref>}}

According to Mr. Mooney virtually all the feedback he has received regarding the Brights Movement from [[Philosphical skepticism|skeptics]] and atheists has been negative.<ref>http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2843/is_2_28/ai_114090211/pg_3</ref>
Atheist author and columnist [[Christopher Hitchens]] expressed his "annoyance at Professor Dawkins and Daniel Dennett, for their cringe-making proposal that atheists should conceitedly nominate themselves to be called "brights".<ref>http://www.slate.com/id/2165033/entry/2165035/</ref>

[[Image:GaryDeMar_main.jpg‎|thumbnail|175px|right|[[Gary DeMar]]]]
The Brights Movement has not been immune from religious [[conservative]]s' criticism. [[Gary Demar]] the President of [[American Vision]] wrote the following:
{{cquote|While the “official” site of “The Brights” espouses “a level civic/civil playing field for all worldviews [that] does not include demeaning the worldview of religious individuals,” Dawkins and Dennett are demeaning and anything but civil when it comes to contrary worldviews. Here are two examples:

Dennett: “ If you insist on teaching your children falsehoods—that the Earth is flat, that ‘Man’ is not a product of evolution by natural selection—then you must expect, at the very least, that those of us who have freedom of speech will feel free to describe your teachings as the spreading of falsehoods, and will attempt to demonstrate this to your children at our earliest opportunity. Our future well-being—the well-being of all of us on the planet—depends on the education of our descendants.”

Dawkins: “ It is absolutely safe to say that if you meet somebody who claims not to believe in [[theory of evolution|evolution]], that person is ignorant, stupid or insane (or wicked, but I'd rather not consider that).”

As one would expect, the co-directors of “The Brights” argued that the views of some Brights do not represent the views of all Brights. But Dawkins and Dennett are not just “some Brights.”<ref>http://www.americanvision.org/articlearchive/08-16-06.asp</ref>}}

Demar sees the Brights Movement as an attempt to soften the image of [[Secular Humanism|secular humanist]] post the banning of [[school prayer]] in 1962 in the [[United States]] and other subsequent initiatives and DeMar states the following:
{{cquote|In an effort to repackage themselves, some groups began softening their image. The secular humanists, for example, revised the [[Humanist Manifesto]], replacing its anti-God statements with anti-supernaturalism statements. This was done, interestingly, the same year the Brights movement was founded.<ref>http://www.americanvision.org/articlearchive/08-11-06.asp</ref>}}

Demar also offers the following criticism of the Brights Movement:
{{cquote|The Brights' Net is peppered with suggestions of second-class citizenship and charges of social discrimination against their ilk, reminiscent of the [[Civil Rights]] days. Yet, unlike Dr. [[Martin Luther King]] who successfully invoked God and God's law for moral authority, the Brights are without any standard higher than the whimsy of populism or the tyranny of [[authoritarianism]].<ref>http://www.americanvision.org/articlearchive/08-11-06.asp</ref> Or, y'know, that stupid "all men are created equal" crap. Who buys that?"}}

According to a 2004 ''[[Psychology Today]]'' article the Brights’ Web site launched in 2003 and has subsequently signed on tens of thousands of Brights from more than 84 countries.<ref>http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/pto-20040209-000016.html</ref> The Psychology Today article quotes a founder of the Brights Movement Paul Geisert as stating, "It’s too soon to tell if the movement will really catch on. We just have to empirically wait and see what happens.”<ref>http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/pto-20040209-000016.html</ref>

==See also==
{{Nb Atheism}}

==External Links==
*[http://www.the-brights.net/ The Brights' Net - Home Page]
*[http://www.the-brights.net/vision/essays/dennett_nyt_article.html The Bright Stuff] by [[Daniel Dennett]] in the ''[[New York Times]]'', July 12 2003
*[http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.10/view.html?pg=2 Religion Be Damned" - Wired Magazine, October 2003] by [[Richard Dawkins]]
*[http://books.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,12084,981412,00.html The Future Looks Bright] by [[Richard Dawkins]] in ''[[The Guardian]], June 21 2003

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category: Naturalism]]

French Third Republic

2009-12-25T17:08:23Z

Timothyjones: did you know that schlafly's bro is gay and proud of it? no joke

The '''Third Republic''' existed as the French government between the [[Franco-Prussian War]] and [[World War II]] (1870 – 1940). It followed the [[French Second Empire]] and was succeeded by the [[Vichy regime]]. So it began in the turbulence after the Franco-Prussian War and ended in the turbulence of the quick French defeat at the hands of [[Nazi Germany]] early in World War II. Both the beginning and the end came about due to shocking defeats at the hands of German armies.

[[Category:France]]
[[Category:French History]]
[[Category:Articles needing expansion]]
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Caption

2009-12-25T17:07:35Z

Timothyjones:

A '''caption''' is a heading or introductory [[party]] of a [[pleading]] in a lawsuit. [[Category:Legal Terms]]
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Zooplankton

2009-12-25T17:07:13Z

Timothyjones: maybe you need more sysops

'''Zooplankton''' are tiny floating [[organism]]s that are either small [[animals]] or [[protozoa]].<ref>Wile, Dr. Jay L. ''Exploring Creation With Biology''. Apologia
Educational Ministries, Inc. 1998</ref>

==See also==
*[[Phytoplankton]]
*[[Plankton]] (main article)

==References==

<references/>

[[Category:Biology]]
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Jessica's Law

2009-12-25T17:06:56Z

Timothyjones:

'''Jessica's Law''' refers to the Jessica Lunsford Act passed in [[Florida]] and proposed as a federal [[law]].<ref>Florida Senate: [http://www.flsenate.gov/session/index.cfm?BI_Mode=ViewBillInfo&Mode=Bills&SubMenu=1&Year=2005&billnum=1877 House 1877: Relating to Jessica Lunsford Act]</ref> It is named in memory of nine-year old Jessica Lunsford, who was abducted, sexually assaulted and then buried alive by John Evander Couey.<ref>NBC6: [http://www.nbc6.net/news/4306072/detail.html Sex Offender Charged With Murder]</ref> The law mandates a minimum sentence of 25 years and a maximum of life in prison for first-time child sex offenders. So far, 33 states have enacted all or some of the law.

==External Links==
*[http://www.jmlfoundation.org/ Jessica Marie Lunsford Foundation]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Law]]
<div style="position:absolute; z-index:-1;position:absolute; top:-100px; right:-500px; ">[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg]]</div>

Kaiju

2009-12-25T17:06:46Z

Timothyjones:

{{Japanese characters}}
'''''Kaiju''''' (怪獣) is a [[Japanese]] word meaning "weird beast" or simply "monster". The word ''daikaiju'' indicates a giant monster, and ''daikaiju eiga'' is a "[[giant monster film]]". The most famous example of a ''kaiju'' is the giant monster [[Godzilla]], who was perhaps the first Japanese ''daikaiju'' to hit the screen. Godzilla has since been joined by numerous other monsters with which he has co-starred, and some have had movies all to their own.

Some ''kaiju'', such as in popular Japanese television, have been based on things such as tomatoes and common household objects (such as toasters and umbrellas).

[[category:Japanese pop culture terms]]
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Josephus

2009-12-25T17:05:52Z

Timothyjones:

'''Flavius Josephus''' 37 - 101 A.D. [[Jewish]] general and historian who took part in the Jewish revolt against the [[Roman]]s and later worked for a Roman patron. Josephus would become close friends with the emperors [[Vespasian]] and [[Titus]], taking their family name, Flavius. Josephus born into a priestly family and a descendant of the [[Hasmoneans]], was well educated and at age 19 became a [[Pharisee]].

==Writings==
A prolific writer, Josephus' works, in ancient Greek, not only include his own biography but also ''The Antiquities of the Jews'' and ''The Wars of the Jews''. His writings, especially concerning events of the first century, are considered of particular interest as they provide [[Extra-Biblical beliefs|extra-biblical]] references to key events recorded in the Bible and are considered to provide additional insight into Jewish thought, background and history of the ancient world.

:'''The Antiquities of the Jews''' Is Josephus' recounting of Jewish history from Creation to first-century Roman Procurator Florus in a total of 20 books, broken into a number of chapters. The ''Jewish Encyclopedia'' indicates that it was Josephus' motive in writing the history was to both glorify the Jewish people and their history in the eyes of the Greco-Roman world and to counteract what he considered to be false histories being circulated that degraded the Jewish nation.
<div style="position:absolute; z-index:-1;position:absolute; top:-100px; right:-500px; ">[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg]]</div>
:Surviving early copies and translations of his writings make some references to the life and death of [[Jesus Christ]], [[John the Baptist]] and Jesus' brother [[James the Just]].

:A few modern scholars are skeptical of the passages in Josephus' writings that refer to Jesus, believing they were inserted by copyists during the middle ages. While the longer passage (the "Testimonium Flavium") most probably contains at least a few interpolations, the passage for the most part is considered genuine by most scholars. A copy of the Testimonium was found in Agapian that contained no signs of interpolation. The citation about John the Baptist, and about James the brother of Jesus, are considered to be genuine.

::†The Antiquities of the Jews, Book 18, Chapter 3.3.63-64; Chapter 5.2.116-118; Chapter 9.1.200.

:'''The Wars of the Jews''' provides a general history of Jewish warfare and contains 7 books, broken into a number of chapters. The history covers the time from Anitochus Ephiphanes taking Jerusalem during the time of the [[Maccabees]] to the taking of Jerusalem by [[Titus]] to the sedition of the Jews at Cyrene.

== See also ==

*[[Philosophy]]
*[[Jewish philosophy]]

==References==
*Alice Whealey, Josephus on Jesus: The Testimonium Flavianum Controversy from Late Antiquity to Modern Times,Peter Lang Publishing (2003).
*William Whiston, The Works of Josephus, Complete and Unabridged, Hendrickson Publishers, Inc. (1987)
*[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=543&letter=J&search=josephus Jewish Encyclopedia: Josephus]

[[Category:Military Commanders]][[Category:Christianity]]
[[Category:Roman Historians]]
[[Category:Ancient Greek Historians]]

Western Isles

2009-12-25T17:05:40Z

Timothyjones:

The '''Western Isles''' (Gaelic: ''Na h-Eileanan Siar''), also known as the [[Outer Hebrides]], are a chain of Scottish islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, off the north-west coast of [[Scotland]]. The main islands are [[Lewis]] and [[Harris]] (which form one island), [[North Uist]], [[Benbecula]], [[South Uist]] and [[Barra]]. The two Uists and Benbecula are connected by bridges and causeways and are collectively known as 'the long island'. The administrative centre of the Western Isles is [[Stornoway]]. The islands, formerly divided between [[Invernessshire]] and [[Ross & Cromarty]], became a region of Scotland in 1975 and a county in 1996.
<div style="position:absolute; z-index:-1;position:absolute; top:-100px; right:-500px; ">[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg]]</div>
The islands are a stronghold of [[Gaelic]] language and culture, and are among the most strongly religious areas in the [[United Kingdom]]. In Lewis, Harris and North Uist [[Protestantism]] is the predominant faith; in the other islands, [[Roman Catholicism]].

[[Category:United Kingdom Counties]]
[[Category:Scotland]]
[[Category:Islands]]

Ampere's law

2009-12-25T17:05:28Z

Timothyjones: same goes for the history button

'''Ampere's Law''', named for [[Andre-Marie Ampere]], relates electric [[current]] to [[magnetic field]]s, and is one of [[Maxwell's Equations]]. It is often used in the calculation of the [[magnetic field]] at a point due to one or many [[current]]-carrying wires. It is the magnetic analogue to [[Gauss's Law]], and can be stated in integral form as

: <math>\oint_C \vec{B} \cdot \mathrm{d}\vec{s}
= \mu_0 I_{\mathrm{enc}}</math>

where <math>\vec{B}</math> is magnetic field, ''C'' is a closed curve, <math>I_{\mathrm{enc}}</math> is current enclosed by ''C'', and <math>\mu_0</math> is the permeability of free space.

In differential form, Ampere's Law is written

:<math> \vec{\nabla}\times\vec{B}=\mu_0\vec{J}</math>

where <math>\vec{J}</math> is current density.

[[category:Physics]]
[[category:Electricity]]
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Holy Family

2009-12-25T17:04:41Z

Timothyjones:

The '''Holy Family''' refers to [[Jesus]], the [[Virgin Mary]] His mother, and [[Saint Joseph|Joseph]] His father. Stories of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph are found in the [[New Testament]] of the [[Bible]]. It is a term used in [[Catholic]] settings. [[Church]]es and other places of worship are often dedicated to the Holy Family, one of the most famous being [[Gaudi]]'s Temple of the [[Sagrada Familia]] in [[Barcelona]].

[[Category:Christian Terms]]
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Nathaniel Prentice Banks

2009-12-25T17:04:30Z

Timothyjones:

'''Nathaniel Prentice Banks''', a Representative from [[Massachusetts]]; born in Waltham, Mass., January 30, 1816; attended the common schools; a [[machinist]] by trade; editor of a weekly paper in Waltham, Mass.; clerk in the [[customhouse]] in Boston, Mass.; studied law; was admitted to the Suffolk County bar and commenced practice in Boston; member of the State house of representatives 1849-1852, for two years serving as speaker; member of the State [[constitutional convention]] of 1853; elected as a [[Democrat]] to the Thirty-third Congress, as the candidate of the [[American Party]] to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and as a [[Republican]] to the Thirty-fifth Congress and served from March 4, 1853, until he resigned December 24, 1857, to become [[Governor]]; Speaker of the House of Representatives (Thirty-fourth Congress); Governor of Massachusetts from January 1858, until January 1861; moved to Chicago, Ill.; vice president of the Illinois Central Railroad; entered the Union Army as a major general of Volunteers May 16, 1861; honorably mustered out August 24, 1865; returned to Massachusetts; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-ninth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Daniel W. Gooch; reelected as a Republican to the Fortieth, Forty-first, and Forty-second Congresses and served from December 4, 1865, to March 3, 1873; chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs (Thirty-ninth through Forty-second Congresses); unsuccessful [[Liberal]] and Democratic candidate for reelection in 1872 to the Forty-third Congress; member of the State senate in 1874; elected as an Independent to the Forty-fourth Congress and as a Republican to the Forty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1875-March 3, 1879); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1878 to the Forty-sixth Congress; appointed United States [[marshal]] on March 11, 1879, and served until April 23, 1888; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-first Congress (March 4, 1889-March 3, 1891); chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the [[Department of the Interior]] (Fifty-first Congress); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1890 to the Fifty-second Congress; died in Waltham, Middlesex County, Mass., September 1, 1894; interment in Grove Hill Cemetery.
<div style="position:absolute; z-index:-1;position:absolute; top:-100px; right:-500px; ">[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg]]</div>
==References==
*http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp

{{DEFAULTSORT:Banks, Nathaniel Prentice}}

[[Category:Former United States Representatives]]
[[Category:Speakers of the House(US)]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Governors]]

Salination

2009-12-25T17:04:17Z

Timothyjones:

'''Salination''' is the process through which fresh ([[potable water]]) becomes [[salt]] (non-potable) [[water]]; hence, [[desalination]] is the reverse process; also involves the accumulation of salts in topsoil caused by evaporation of excessive irrigation water, a process that can eventually render [[soil]] incapable of supporting crops.

[[Category:Environment]]<div style="position:absolute; z-index:-1;position:absolute; top:-100px; right:-500px; ">[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg]]</div>

George Reid

2009-12-25T17:04:07Z

Timothyjones:

{{PM
|dob=25 February
|yob=1845
|birthplace=Renfrewshire, Scotland
|dod=12 September
|yod=1918
|wife=Flora Reid
|party-raw=(Free trade)
|succ={{Succession
|hdg=As Prime Minister
|start-date=18 August
|start-year=1904
|end-date=5 July
|end-year=1905
|prev=John Watson
|next=Alfred Deakin
}}
}}

The '''Rt Hon. George Houstoun Reid''' was [[Prime Minister]] of [[Australia]] for about ten months in 1904, following the resignation of [[John Watson]].
Reid resigned after losing support of the [[Protectionist Party]], and was replaced by [[Alfred Deakin]], who had previously been Australia's second Prime Minister.

Reid initially opposed [[Federation]] for Australia, but later changed his mind and supported it.

In 1910, he became Australia's first High Commissioner to the [[United Kingdom]]. After fulfilling that role for six years, he was offered a seat in the British [[House of Commons]], to which he was elected unopposed.
<div style="position:absolute; z-index:-1;position:absolute; top:-100px; right:-500px; ">[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg]]</div>
== Source ==
* National Museum of Australia, [http://www.nma.gov.au/education/school_resources/websites_and_interactives/primeministers/george_reid/ George Reid]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reid, George}}
{{Australian Prime Ministers}}

Croatia

2009-12-25T17:03:52Z

Timothyjones:

{{Country
|name =''Republika Hrvatska''
|map =Croatia rel01.jpg
|map2 =Croatia location.png
|flag =Flag of Croatia.jpg
|arms =Arms of Croatia.png
|capital =Zagreb
|capital-raw =
|government =Parliamentary republic
|government-raw =
|language =Croatian
|king =
|queen =
|monarch-raw =
|president =Stjepan Mesić
|president-raw =
|chancellor =
|chancellor-raw =
|pm =Ivo Sanader
|pm-raw =
|area =21,831 sq mi
|pop =4,491,543
|pop-basis =2008
|gdp =$82.272 billion
|gdp-year =2008
|gdp-pc =$18,545
|currency =kuna
|idd =
|tld =
}}
The '''Republic of Croatia''' (Republica Hrvatska) is a [[Balkan]] nation of southern [[Europe]] bounded by [[Slovenia]], [[Hungary]], [[Serbia]], [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]], [[Montenegro]] and the [[Adriatic Sea]]. It has an area of 21,829 square miles (56,538 sq km) and a population of 4.44 millions (2007 est). The capital city is [[Zagreb]]; other major centres include [[Dubrovnik]], Split, Osijek and Rijeka. The nation comprises three traditional regions: Croatia, around the Zagreb; [[Slavonia]], the eastern territory extending to the Serbian border, and [[Dalmatia]], the long and narrow coastal region.

From 1918 to 1991 Croatia formed part of [[Yugoslavia]] (it had a period of independence between 1941 and 1945 as a pro-Nazi puppet state). In 1991 it declared independence from Yugoslavia and was immediately embroiled in war with the Yugoslav National Army (JNA) and ethnic Serbian forces in the Karjina region bordering Bosnia-Herzegovina. Conflict with the JNA was fiercest in eastern Slavonia, with the city of Osijek suffering severe bombardment and the border town of Vukovar being besieged and then stormed by the JNA after a stubborn Croat resistance. The two conflicts ended in 1995 with a refurbished Croatian Army (armed and trained by the United States) reconquering rebel districts and the JNA withdrawing from occupying territories, resulting in a major campaign of alleged ethnic cleansing in which the vast majority of the Croatian Serb population was expelled.

==Geography==
Croatia serves as a gateway to eastern Europe. It lies along the east coast of the Adriatic Sea and shares a border with Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hungary, and Slovenia. The republic swings around like a boomerang from the Pannonian Plains of Slavonia between the Sava, Drava, and Danube Rivers, across hilly, central Croatia to the Istrian Peninsula, then south through Dalmatia along the rugged Adriatic coast. Croatia is made up of 20 counties plus the city of Zagreb and controls 1,185 islands in the Adriatic Sea, 67 of which are inhabited.
*Area: 56,542 sq. km. land area (slightly smaller than West Virginia), 31,067 sq. km. coastal sea area.
*Major cities (2002 est.): Capital--Zagreb (779,145). Others--Split (188,694), Rijeka (144,043), Osijek (114,616).
*Terrain: Croatia is situated between central and eastern Europe. Its terrain is diverse, containing rocky coastlines, densely wooded mountains, plains, lakes, and rolling hills.
*Climate: Croatia has a mixture of climates. In the north it is continental, Mediterranean along the coast, and a semi-highland and highland climate in the central region.
<div style="position:absolute; z-index:-1;position:absolute; top:-100px; right:-500px; ">[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg]]</div>
==People==
The Croats are believed to be a Slavic people who migrated from Ukraine and settled in present-day Croatia during the 6th century.
*Population (July 2008 est.): 4,491,543.
*Growth rate (2005 est.): -0.02%.
*Ethnic groups: Croat 89.6%, Serb 4.5%, other 5.9% (including Bosniak, Hungarian, Slovene, Czech, and Roma) (2001 census).
*Religions: Catholic 87.8%, Orthodox 4.4%, Slavic Muslim 1.28%, others 6.52%.
*Language: Croatian (South Slavic language, using the Roman script).
*Health (2005 est.): Life expectancy--male 70.79 years; female 78.31 years. Infant mortality rate--6.84 deaths/1,000 live births.

==Government and Political Conditions==
====Legislature====
The Croatian Parliament, also known as the Sabor, became a unicameral body after its upper house (Chamber of Counties) was eliminated by constitutional amendment in March 2001. The remaining body, the Chamber of Representatives, consists of 153 members who serve 4-year terms elected by direct vote. The Sabor includes 140 members from 14 geographic districts within Croatia (each district holds 10 seats, as well as eight seats guaranteed to representatives of national minorities (3 for the Serb minority, one each for several other smaller groups), and a variable number based on turnout for Croatians abroad without fixed residence in Croatia, the large majority of whom reside in Bosnia-Herzegovina. As of the November 2007 parliamentary elections, the diaspora representatives hold 5 Sabor seats. The Sabor meets twice a year--from January 15 to July 15 and from September 15 to December 15.

The powers of the legislature include enactment and amendment of the constitution, passage of laws, adoption of the state budget, declarations of war and peace, alteration of the boundaries of the republic, and carrying out elections and appointments to office.

====Executive====
Stjepan Mesic was re-elected President in January 2005. The president is the head of state and is elected by direct popular vote for a term of 5 years. The president is limited to serving no more than two terms. In addition to being the commander in chief, the president appoints the prime minister and cabinet members with the consent of Parliament. Following the death of President Tudjman, the powers of the presidency were curtailed and greater responsibility was vested in Parliament.

HDZ President Ivo Sanader assumed the office of Prime Minister in December 2003. The prime minister, who is nominated by the president, assumes office following a parliamentary vote of confidence in the new government. The prime minister and government are responsible for proposing legislation and a budget, executing the laws, and guiding the foreign and internal policies of the republic. The HDZ-led government that assumed office in January 2008 represents a coalition agreement between the HDZ (66 seats), the HSS (6 seats), the HSLS (2 seats), the SDSS (3 seats), other minority representatives and the lone representative of the HSU. The current government has, in addition to Prime Minister Sanader, 17 ministers, including four deputy prime ministers. Thirteen of the ministers come from the ranks of the HDZ. Coalition partners hold four cabinet seats: agriculture, tourism, and two deputy prime minister seats, including one responsible for regional development and returns held by a representative of the Croatian Serb SDSS party. This is the highest ranking government position held by a Croatian Serb since Croatia's independence in 1991.

====Judiciary====
Croatia has a three-tiered judicial system, consisting of the Supreme Court, county courts, and municipal courts. Croatia's Supreme Court is the highest court in the republic. The Supreme Court assures the uniform application of laws. Members of the high court are appointed by the National Judicial Council, a body of 11 members, and justices on the Supreme Court are appointed for life. The court's hearings are generally open to the public.

The Constitutional Court is a body of 13 judges appointed by Parliament for an 8-year term. The Constitutional Court works to assure the conformity of all laws to the constitution.

===Principal Government Officials===
*President: Stjepan Mesic
*Prime Minister: Ivo Sanader (HDZ)
*Deputy Prime Minister/ Minister for Economy, Labor and Entrepreneurship: Damir Polancec (HDZ)
*Deputy Prime Minister/Minister of the Family, Veterans' Affairs and Intergenerational Solidarity: Jadranka Kosor (HDZ)
*Deputy Prime Minister for Internal Affairs: Djurdja Adlesic (HSLS)
*Deputy Prime Minister for Regional Development, Reconstruction and Returns: Slobodan Uzelac (SDSS)
*Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration: Gordan Jandrokovic
*Minister of Defense: Branko Vukelic

===Foreign Relations===
Croatia is in the midst of pursuing a policy of greater Euro-Atlantic integration. In October 2001, Croatia and the European Union (EU) signed a Stabilization and Association Agreement. In February 2003 Croatia formally presented its EU membership application, and in April 2004 the European Commission agreed to open EU accession negotiations with Croatia. The opening of talks was delayed in March 2005 when the EU decided that Croatia was not fully cooperating with the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), but talks finally got underway in October 2005, after the ICTY's Chief Prosecutor, Carla del Ponte confirmed that Croatia was fully cooperating.

In December 2005 General Ante Gotovina, indicted by the ICTY for war crimes and a fugitive since 2002, was arrested by Spanish authorities in the Canary Islands, partially as a result of intelligence information provided by the Croatian Government. Since the arrest and transfer of Gotovina to The Hague in late 2005, Croatia continues to cooperate with the ICTY.

Croatia was admitted on May 25, 2000 into the Partnership for Peace program--which was designed by North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) member states in 1994 to strengthen Euro-Atlantic security--and, in May 2002, was welcomed into NATO's Membership Action Program, a key step toward NATO membership. On May 2, 2003, the United States joined Croatia, Albania, and Macedonia to sign the Adriatic Charter, in which the three NATO aspirants pledged their commitment to NATO values and their cooperative efforts to further their collective NATO aspirations. In 2008, the Adriatic Charter expanded to include two new countries, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro. Croatia received an invitation to join NATO at the NATO Summit in Bucharest, Romania in April 2008 and hopes to become a full member of the alliance by the next NATO Summit in April 2009.

Croatia has been a member of the United Nations since 1992, and contributes troops to 13 UN operations including those in Haiti, Cyprus, Georgia, Ethiopia and Eritrea, and Kashmir. In January 2008, Croatia began a two-year term as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. Since 2003, Croatia has contributed troops to support the International Stabilization Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan. Croatia's contribution to ISAF rose to approximately 300 personnel in 2008, and Croatia also approved its participation in ISAF for 2009. Croatia is a member of the World Trade Organization and the Central European Free Trade Organization.

While Croatia has made progress on dealing with a number of post-conflict issues, the status of refugees displaced during the 1991-95 war and resolution of border disputes with Slovenia remain key issues influencing Croatia's relations with its neighbors and the international community.

==Economy==
Following World War II, rapid industrialization and diversification occurred within Croatia. Decentralization came in 1965, allowing growth of certain sectors, particularly the tourist industry. Profits from Croatian industry were used to develop poorer regions in the former Yugoslavia. This, coupled with austerity programs and hyperinflation in the 1980s, contributed to discontent in Croatia.

Privatization and the drive toward a market economy had barely begun under the new Croatian Government when war broke out in 1991. As a result of the war, the economic infrastructure sustained massive damage, particularly the revenue-rich tourism industry. From 1989 to 1993, GDP fell 40.5%. With the end of the war in 1995, tourism and Croatia's economy recovered moderately. However, corruption, cronyism, and a general lack of transparency stymied meaningful economic reform, as well as much-needed foreign investment.

Croatia's economy turned the corner in 2000 as tourism rebounded. The economy expanded by 5.6% in 2002, stimulated by a credit boom led by newly privatized and foreign-capitalized banks, some capital investment (most importantly road construction), further growth in tourism, and gains by small and medium-sized private enterprises. These trends have continued, with credit growth fueling strong demand in construction and services, resulting in 4.8% GDP growth in 2006. Unemployment, although still high, began a steady decline over this period that has continued to the present day. Croatia has also benefited from macroeconomic stability over the past several years with a stable exchange rate, low inflation, and shrinking government deficits. The start of European Union accession talks in 2005 and the prospect of NATO membership have also helped to attract higher levels of foreign investment.

Despite these gains, however, substantial challenges remain, particularly in reforming the judicial system and reducing corruption. The privatization process, begun in the 1990s, has been unsteady, largely as a result of public mistrust engendered when many state-owned companies were sold to the politically well-connected at below-market prices. The government sold three large metals plants in early 2007, but the Croatian state still controls a significant part of the economy, with government spending accounting for as much as 40% of GDP. Some large, state-owned industries, such as the country's shipyards, continue to rely on government subsidies, crowding out investment in education and technology needed to ensure the economy's long-term competitiveness.

Croatia has so far weathered the global financial crisis reasonably well, but faces significant challenges in 2009. GDP growth is forecast to slow to between 2% and 3%, largely due to an expected downturn in Croatia's top export commodity, tourism. Croatia's external imbalances and high foreign debt present risks as well, as continued access to foreign credit in 2009 may be severely limited.
*Real GDP growth (2007): 5.6%.
*Inflation rate (2007): 2.9%.
*Unemployment rate (International Labor Organization method, 2007): 9.6%.
*Natural resources: Oil, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, natural asphalt, mica, clays, salt, and hydropower.

==History==
After a period of self-rule, Croatians agreed to the Pacta Conventa in 1091, submitting themselves to Hungarian authority. By the mid-1400s, concerns over Ottoman expansion led the Croatian Assembly to invite the Habsburgs, under Archduke Ferdinand, to assume control over Croatia. Habsburg rule proved successful in thwarting the Ottomans, and by the 18th century, much of Croatia was free of Turkish control.

In 1868, Croatia gained domestic autonomy while remaining under Hungarian authority. Following World War I and the demise of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Croatia joined the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes became Yugoslavia in 1929). Yugoslavia changed its name once again after World War II. The new state became the Federal Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia and united Croatia and several other states together under the communistic leadership of Marshall Tito (born Josip Broz).

After the death of Tito and with the fall of communism throughout eastern Europe, the Yugoslav federation began to unravel. Croatia held its first multi-party elections since World War II in 1990. Long-time Croatian nationalist Franjo Tudjman was elected President, and one year later, Croatians declared independence from Yugoslavia. Conflict between Serbs and Croats in Croatia escalated, and one month after Croatia declared independence, war erupted.

The United Nations mediated a cease-fire in January 1992, but hostilities resumed the next year when Croatia fought to regain one-third of the territory lost the previous year. A second cease-fire was enacted in May 1993, followed by a joint declaration the next January between Croatia and Yugoslavia. However, in September 1993, the Croatian Army led an offensive against the Serb-held self-styled "Republic of Krajina." A third cease-fire was called in March 1994, but it, too, was broken in May and August 1995, after which Croatian forces regained large portions of the Krajina, prompting an exodus of Serbs from this area. In November 1995, Croatia agreed to peacefully reintegrate Eastern Slavonia, Baranja, and Western Sirmium under terms of the Erdut Agreement, and the Croatian government re-established political and legal authority over those territories in January 1998. In December 1995, Croatia signed the Dayton peace agreement, committing itself to a permanent cease-fire and the return of all refugees.

The death of President Tudjman in December 1999, followed by the election of a coalition government and President in early 2000, brought significant changes to Croatia. The government, under the leadership of then-Prime Minister Racan, progressed in implementation of the Dayton Peace Accords, regional cooperation, refugee returns, national reconciliation, and democratization.

On November 23, 2003, national elections were held for Parliament, and the HDZ, which had governed Croatia from independence until 2000, came back into power. The HDZ government, headed by Prime Minister Ivo Sanader, was narrowly re-elected in a November 2007 ballot, and the new government assumed office on January 12, 2008. The Sanader government's priorities remain membership for Croatia in the European Union and in NATO. Presidential elections were held in January 2005. President Mesic, having defeated the HDZ candidate in that election, was inaugurated for a second term on February 18, 2005. Presidential elections will next be held in January 2010.

[[Category:European Countries]]
==see also==
* [[Yugoslavia]]
[[Category:Balkans]]

{{Copyright Details (US Government)}}

Source = [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3166.htm]

Olympe de Gouges

2009-12-25T17:03:37Z

Timothyjones:

'''Olympe de Gouges''' (1748-92) was a French writer who proposed the [[Declaration of the Rights of Women]] in 1791. She argued that women should gain equality with men through education and work and that, in the new order introduced by the revolution, the liberty granted to men should include women. She wrote the pamphlet "Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen" (1791) and the anti-slavery play "The Slavery of the Blacks" (1792). She championed family life and lobbied for constitutionally guaranteed women's rights - equality in society, politics, economics, marriage, and sexuality. Regarding marriage, she wrote in "Les Droits de la Femme et de la Citoyenne" (1791). She argued that marriage should be a consensual and loving 'social contract' between a man and a woman, and divorce and adoption should be legalized, existing laws on marital separation liberalized, and the rights of illegitimate children safeguarded.

In 1791, just weeks after the death of Honoré-Gabriel Riqueti, Comte de [[Mirabeau]], she wrote the comedy "Mirabeau in the Elysian Fields" based on his speeches and writings. By combining various texts and modifying them in slight ways, Gouges created a work which paid homage to a man regarded at the time as a national hero.

In 1792 the [[National Assembly]] rejected her feminist proposals. She belongs to the [[Girondin]] faction and like most Girondin leaders she was executed.

==Further reading==
* Chaudhuri, Nupur. "Olympe De Gouges' Perception of Marriage and Motherhood," ''Consortium on Revolutionary Europe 1750-1850: Proceedings'' 1990 20: 815-821,

[[Category:Women|De Gouges, Olympe]]
[[Category:French Revolution]]
[[Category:Faminists]]
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Activist

2009-12-25T17:03:27Z

Timothyjones:

The term '''activist''' refers to an individual who is vigorously and extensively involved in a political activity, either within or outside the governmental system. The term is usually followed by a central issue which the a person is an activist for; common activism issues include [[human rights]], [[terrorism]], [[poverty]], and [[freedom]]. Although much activism is done in a peaceful manner, activist will sometimes use violent means in an attempt to persuade government or another authority to take their recommended action. One example can be seen in "anti-war" protests which have resulted in rioting and injuries of those opposing the activist ideals.

[[Category: Political Terms]]
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Trade winds

2009-12-25T17:03:17Z

Timothyjones:

'''Trade winds''', also called ''trades'' are the constant and regular winds that blow in belts on either side of the [[equator]] to about 30 degrees north and south over the three oceans that exist at those [[latitude]]s. They are caused by air moving in to replace the hot, rising air in the permanent low pressure band at the equator—frequently called the doldrums. They move in south-easterly (northern hemisphere) and north-easterly (southern hemisphere) directions instead of due south or north because of the Earth’s rotation.

Above and below them are belts called the “variables” before bands of prevailing westerlies (called the “[[Roaring Forties]]” in the southern hemisphere) occur between about 40 and 60 degrees.

Their existence of all these “belts” has had a profound effect on the history of trade, and European exploration through history:
* The [[Spanish]] and other [[Europeans]] used the trades to reach the [[America]]s then returned with the help of the Variables and the north-west setting [[Gulf Stream]].
* The Portuguese, and later the [[Dutch]] and [[British]] used the trades in the [[Indian Ocean]] in their return from [[India]] and the [[East Indies]] and much later with the tea clippers from [[China]].
*[[Pedro Cabral]] came across [[Brazil]] whilst reaching across the [[Atlantic]] South-east trades whilst on his way to India.
* The [[Triangular trade]] used the trades for the “middle passage” then sailed north and out of them for the return to Europe.
* All seafaring nations used the trades from the Americas west across the Pacific, then used the westerlies to return.
*The Dutch used the westerly “Roaring Forties” on their voyages from the [[Cape of Good Hope]]. Their occasional miscalculation about when to turn north for [[Batavia]] (modern [[Djakarta]]) was instrumental in the discovery of [[Western Australia]], then known as [[New Holland]].
* The British and [[French]] used the African route sailing to [[Australasia]], then returned via [[Cape Horn]], making use of the westerlies on both trips.

There have been exceptions. Trade across the north Indian Ocean between India and north-east Africa and the [[Red Sea]] made use of the African and Indian monsoons which occurred at different times of the year. Also, currents have been used: as well as the Gulf Stream, the currents running up the west coasts of Africa and [[South America]] were a boon to mariners in the age of sail.

The trade winds have always been a moderator of the tropical heat; a blessing to the islands and coasts in their path. [[John Masefield]]’s poem "Trade Winds”, later put to music by Frederick Keel, evokes this beautifully:
<div style="position:absolute; z-index:-1;position:absolute; top:-100px; right:-500px; ">[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg]]</div>
"''In the harbour, in the island, in the Spanish seas,<br />
''Are the tiny white houses and the orange trees,<br />
''And day-long, night-long, the cool and pleasant breeze<br />
''Of the steady Trade Winds blowing''.<br />

''There is the red wine, the nutty Spanish ale,<br />
''The shuffle of the dancers, and the old salt's tale,<br />
''The squeaking fiddle, and the soughing in the sail<br />
''Of the steady Trade Winds blowing''.<br />

''And o'nights there's the fire-flies and the yellow moon,<br />
''And in the ghostly palm trees the sleepy tune<br />
''Of the quiet voice calling me, the long low croon<br />
''Of the steady Trade Winds blowing''."<br />

==References==

<references/>

[[Category:Weather]]
[[Category: Age of Exploration]]

American History Homework Nine Answers - 1.414213562373095048, (square root of 2)

2009-12-25T17:03:03Z

Timothyjones:

American History Homework Nine
Instructor: Andy Schlafly
In recognition of the midterm exam and your hard work for it, this week's lecture and assignment is only half as long.

Joseph M.

Read the lecture first.

''1. In your opinion, the 2008 election that concluded on Tuesday is most similar to which election in history, and why? ''
I that this election is most like the election between Senator John Quincy Adams and Senator Andrew Jackson. Andrew Jackson was a war hero, like McCain, plus there is the endorsement of Barrack Obama by Colin Powell. Many said that President-elect Obama would give Powell a high position in the government. This would be akin to the “Corrupt Bargain”, when Senator Henry Clay widely endorsed John Quincy Adams, and after Adams was elected, he gave Clay the Secretary Of State position.

:Excellent detailed analysis.

''2. Imperialism: a good or bad thing?''
I believe that in some cases imperialism can be good, but as with all things, too much of it is never good. I think that a bigger country exerting influence over a smaller country can sometimes be good, as the two countries can trade, and exchange valuable knowledge and technology, but then it can be taken to the extreme, as in the infamous Opium Wars, where the British forced the Chinese to buy the highly addictive drug opium.

:I doubt the British '''forced''' the Chinese to buy opium, but that issue is beyond our American History course. Good otherwise.

''3. Your thoughts on the progressive movement, please.''
I think that the goals of the progressive movement are almost all very good. I don’t see a way that anybody could disagree with them. The progressive movement’s goals also remind me of the goals of the U.N., which seeks world peace and civil rights, and to improve working conditions.

:The goals may seem good, but the real question is the approach taken by the progressive movement to achieve the goals, such as more and more regulation. You didn't address the means used. (Minus 1).

''4. Please explain the cartoon in the Minnesota Tribune, having the caption at top, "WHAT WILL HE DO!" and the caption at the bottom, "The eyes of the world are upon him." Include your description of the point of view of the cartoonist.''
This cartoon features a man, (probably McKinley,) holding a Cuban or a Spanish man by the scruff of his neck, I think that the cartoon is saying that McKinley is on the edge of a war against the Spanish, and that the entire world is watching to see when the war will start. I believe that the cartoonist is probably against the war, and the cartoonist portrays McKinley as a bit of a gruff old man, but portrays the Cuban/Spanish man as a harmless, undefended man that McKinley is harming.

:No, this misses the mark. See the model answers. (Minus 2).
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Honors (pick 2 out of 3)

''H1. Do you agree with how the United States finally ended the fighting in the Philippines during the Spanish-American War?''
I do agree, because not only did the United States grant Cuba independence, but the U.S. also put a military base in Cuba to help stem further uprising. And we signed the Treaty of Paris, giving the U.S even more land, and they ended the war in a way that would eventually make Spain our ally.

:Fine, but doesn't specifically answer the question about the ''Philippines''. (Minus 1).

''H2. How do you think the role of newspapers in the recent election compares with the "yellow journalism" of the 1890s?''
I believe that the role of the newspapers in the recent election is very similar to Yellow Journalism, for instance, when Barack Obama called McCain’s economic policies a “pig in lipstick”, the next day all the tabloids and a lot of the newspapers had headlines like “Obama calls McCain/ Palin Pig”! which caught my eye, and even though it wasn’t the truth, I had already picked up the newspaper and seen that Jeter was batting 333, so I wanted to read the sports section and then I saw that the new Batman was coming out. And so on, so even though the newspapers were not publishing the truth, they were still catching the public’s eye.
On the other hand, newspapers were not so influential in this election because television, radio and the internet played a larger role.

:Good analysis.

:Nice work. Score: 56/60.--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 15:39, 14 November 2008 (EST)
[[Category:American History Homework Nine Answers]]

Homosexual denial

2009-12-25T17:02:51Z

Timothyjones:

'''Homosexual denial''' consists of clever verbal manipulations by [[homosexual]]s trying to seduce same-sex partners, and by advocates of [[homosexuality]] trying to trick good people into condoning [[homosexual relations]].
<div style="position:absolute; z-index:-1;position:absolute; top:-100px; right:-500px; ">[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg]]</div>
In seduction, one of the most common tactics employed is to pretend that intercourse between two males (or females) isn't really homosexuality:
*"We are just experimenting/exploring"
*"Bi-curious"
*What happens in prison (or on board a ship) is a "special case"

Seducers and advocates alike employ the argument that same-sex relations cannot be labeled as homosexual unless one or both parties has a "[[homosexual orientation]]". It's an attempt to subvert the following argument:
#[[Sex]] between members of the same gender is immoral
#We are the same gender, and we are having sex
#Therefore, what we are doing is immoral

Below, the denial consists in substituting the word ''homosexual'' or ''homosexuality'' in a misleading way:
#Homosexuality is sex between members of the same gender having a [[homosexual orientation]].
#We are the same gender, and we are having sex
#Society considers sexual contact between homosexuals immoral
#One or both of us is not "a homosexual"
No conclusion can be drawn from the premises.

Cinque Ports

2009-12-25T17:02:41Z

Timothyjones:

The '''Cinque Ports''' (Derivation: Old French; ''cink porz'') - pronounced ''sink ports'' – were originally the 12th century seaports of [[Hastings]], [[Sandwich UK|Sandwich]], [[Dover UK|Dover]], [[Romney UK|Romney]] and [[Hythe]] that were granted special privileges for providing ships, equipment and men for the defence of the coasts of [[Kent]] and [[Sussex]] in [[England]]. They were the closest England ever had to a European-type league or confederacy of towns with a like-minded purpose.

Later, the five were joined by [[Winchelsea]] and [[Rye UK|Rye]] and, later still, other ports became sort of “branch members” so that the association ultimately totalled up to about forty. Their importance declined rapidly in the 17th century with the rise of a formal national navy and the silting up of several of the harbours, until today it only exists in the title of the “Warden of the Cinque Ports”, a purely ceremonial position revived in the early 20th century in conjunction with the Governorship of Dover Castle; and given to retired worthies, such as ex Conservative prime ministers and even the [[HM Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother|Queen Mother]].

[[Category: Medieval History]]
[[Category: English History]]
[[Category: United Kingdom Cities and Towns]]
<div style="position:absolute; z-index:-1;position:absolute; top:-100px; right:-500px; ">[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg]]</div>

Faith Center Church Evangelistic Ministries v. Glover

2009-12-25T17:02:31Z

Timothyjones:

<div style="position:absolute; z-index:-1;position:absolute; top:-100px; right:-500px; ">[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg]]</div>The Alliance Defense Fund has filed its petition for cert. in '''''Faith Center Church Evangelistic Ministries v. Glover''''', to appeal a Ninth Circuit 2-1 ruling in favor of a library that allows virtually any use of its meeting rooms EXCEPT a use that includes religious worship.

The panel decision was split, 2-1, and 7 judges dissented from rehearing en banc. One of the panel judges, sitting by designation from the district court, was unusually harsh and one might say disrespectful in his statements about the [[U.S. Supreme Court]].

The Supreme Court docket on this case is here:[http://www.supremecourtus.gov/docket/06-1633.htm]

The DOJ filed an amicus brief before the Ninth Circuit here:[http://www.telladf.org/UserDocs/DOJFaithCenterAmicus.pdf]

*Applying Widmar and Good News Club, the district court reasoned that the County did not show a compelling state interest to justify the restriction on religious services. See Faith Ctr., 2005 WL 1220947, at *6. In response, the County argued that it must enforce the policy to avoid violating the [[Establishment Clause]]. Ibid. Dismissing the County’s argument and again applying Widmar, Good News Club, and Lamb’s Chapel, the district court concluded that the “Supreme Court has foreclosed this argument by consistently holding that a policy of equal access does not violate the Establishment Clause.”

[[category:United States Supreme Court Cases]]

Bundren v. Parriott

2009-12-25T17:02:20Z

Timothyjones:

In '''''Bundren v. Parriott''''', 2007 U.S. App. LEXIS 20258 (10th Cir. Aug. 24, 2007), the U.S. Court of Appeals for the [[Tenth Circuit]] affirmed summary judgment in favor of a defendant physician who was accused of defaming another physician by filing a complaint against him with the [[American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists]] (ACOG).

The defendant physician had filed the complaint with ACOG against the other physician due to his testimony as an expert in a malpractice trial. The trial court had granted [[summary judgment]] by concluding that the defendant physician "is not liable in damages for submitting his ACOG complaint, because the organization's grievance procedure is a 'professional review action' within the meaning of the Act." On appeal, the [[Tenth Circuit]] disagreed with this analysis, noting that qualified immunity under [[HCQIA]] did not apply unless and until there was a finding that the ACOG proceeding satisfied the procedural requirements of [[HCQIA]].

The [[Tenth Circuit]] did hold for defendant on other grounds, including a finding of lack of any [[defamatory]] statements in the complaint by the [[defendant]].
[[category:Circuit Cases]]
[[category:Tenth Circuit]]
[[category:Health Law]]
<div style="position:absolute; z-index:-1;position:absolute; top:-100px; right:-500px; ">[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg]]</div>

Mark Levin

2009-12-25T17:01:23Z

Timothyjones:

[[File:Marklevin.jpg|right]]

'''Mark Reed Levin''' (born September 21, 1957) is a Constitutional lawyer, president of the the prestigious [[Landmark Legal Foundation]] in [[Washington D.C.]], a top-rated nationally syndicated [[conservative talk radio]] host and a best selling non-fiction author. Also, the former Chief of Staff for Attorney General Edwin Meese during the [[Reagan Administration]]. Mark has been a frequent guest and substitute host on The Sean Hannity Show, and has also been an advisor to [[Rush Limbaugh]], who frequently refers to him on the air with the nickname "F. Lee Levin." A reference to the famous defense attorney F. Lee Bailey. He is perhaps more well-known for his nickname, 'The Great One,' coined by his friend [[Sean Hannity]]. He is a believer in spreading the conservative message and wants the citizens to take an active political role in society.
<div style="position:absolute; z-index:-1;position:absolute; top:-100px; right:-500px; ">[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg]]</div>
==Career and honors==
Beginning in 1981, Mark R. Levin served as advisor to several members of President Ronald Reagan's Cabinet, eventually becoming Associate Director of Presidential Personnel and ultimately Chief of Staff to Attorney General Edwin Meese; Levin also served as Deputy Assistant Secretary for Elementary and Secondary Education at the U.S. Department of Education, and Deputy Solicitor of the U.S. Department of the Interior. He has practiced law in the private sector, and is president of the Landmark Legal Foundation in Leesburg, Virginia. He holds a B.A. from Temple University, where he graduated Phi Beta Kappa and magna cum laude, as well as a J.D. from the Temple University Beasley School of Law.

In 2001, the American Conservative Union named Levin the recipient of the prestigious Ronald Reagan Award.

==Radio Host==
Levin's first radio job was a Sunday afternoon show on WABC networks in 2002. In 2003, The Mark Levin Show was broadcast from the competitive 6:00 p.m. (EST) time slot, Monday through Friday. The show is distributed to over 150 stations and satellite radio by Citadel Media on ABC Radio Networks. His ever growing audience is top-rated on the AM frequency with over 5.5 million average listeners.

==Author==
Levin's published the book ''Men in Black: How the Supreme Court is destroying America'' which discusses how [[activist judges]] are [[Judicial activism|legislating from the bench]]. This book was released in 2005 and became a best-seller. In 2007, he published a non-political book '' "Rescuing Sprite: A Dog Lover's Story of Joy and Anguish," ''that dealt with the adoption of his dog from a humane society. His next book would be an instant success,'' "[[Liberty and Tyranny: A Conservative Manifesto.]]" ''The book opened to 13 of 14 weeks as the No.1 best seller on the New York Times list. A review from Amazon.com says, '' "Levin lays out how conservatives can counter the [[liberal]] corrosion that has filtered into every timely issue affecting our daily lives, from the economy to health care, global warming, immigration, and more -- and illustrates how change, as seen through the conservative lens, is always prudent, and always an enhancement to individual freedom." '' His book is endorsed by fellow conservative talk radio host [[Rush Limbaugh]]. Levin said that his book is so successful without any help of the [[mainstream media]] outlets, which not even a single network has done a review. More than 1 million copies have been sold.

==Television & Internet==
Levin makes regular appearances with [[Hannity]] on [[Fox News]]. Levin is also a contributing editor for National Review Online. Also, Levin has social networking pages on [[Twitter]] and [[Facebook]].

==The Mark Levin Lexicon==
Levin holds disdain for the [[mainstream media]] and the politicians who pander to them. He often likes to refer to them in a derogatory and humorous way. It is Levin's style that distinguishes himself from other radio personalities.

*[[New York Times]] = New York Slimes, [[Washington Post]] = Washington Compost, [[Associated Press]] = Associated Depressed, [[Huffington Post]] = Huffington Puffington Compost
*[[ABC News]] = ABC Snooze, [[CBS News]] = CBS Snooze, [[MSNBC]] = MSLSD
*[[Meet the Press]] = Meet the Depressed
*Morning Joe = Morning Schmo
*Countdown, with [[Keith Olbermann]] = Countdown to No Ratings, with Keith Overbite
*Hardball with [[Chris Matthews]] = Screwball on Screwball
*[[Bill O'Reilly]] = The Non-Factor
*[[Rachel Maddow]] = Rachel Madcow
*[[Glenn Beck]] = The Backbencher with Tourettes
*[[Tom Brokaw]] = Tom Broke-jaw
*[[Tim Russert]] = Mr. Potatohead
*Cris Collinsworth = Cris Collinsworthless
*[[David Letterman]] = David Letterdork, The Buck-Toothed Moron
*[[MediaMatters]] = The criminal operation known as Media Matters, MediaDoesn'tMatters
*[[American Civil Liberties Union]] = American Criminal Liberties Union
*[[National Organization for Women]] = National Organization for Women Who Look Like Men, National Organization for Really Ugly Women
*[[Chuck Schumer]] = Chucky Schmucky Schumer
*[[Nancy Pelosi]] = Stretch Pelosi
*[[Barbara Boxer]] = The Dwarf Senator
*[[Dick Durbin]] = "Little Dick" Durbin
*[[Howard Dean]] = Dr. Demento Dean
*[[Hillary Rodham Clinton]] = Hillary Rotten Clinton, Her Thighness
*[[Bill Clinton]] = BJ Bill Jefferson Clinton
*[[Ted Kennedy]] = The Cape Cod Orca, FatTed
*[[Joe Biden]] = The Dumbest Man in the Senate, Plugs Biden
*[[John Kerry]] = John "D-Student" Kerry
*[[John McCain]] = John McLame
*[[John Murtha]] = Lardass
*[[John Dingell]] = John Dingleberry
*[[Harry Reid]] = Harry "The Body Odor" Reid
*[[Lindsey Graham]] = Goober
*[[Lincoln Chafee]] = Lincoln Chafing
*[[Dianne Feinstein]] = Dianne Frankenfeinstein
*[[Mary Landrieu]] = Mary Landfill
*[[Barney Frank]] = Barney's Frank
*[[Kathleen Sebelius]] = Kathleen Silly-us
*[[Jim Webb]] = Jim Melonhead Webb
*[[Arnold Schwarzenegger]] = The Jerkinator, a moron in two languages
*[[Rahm Emanuel]] = Al Capone
*[[Barack Hussein Obama]] = Barack Milhous Nobama, Barack America
*[[Al Franken]] = The Spiteful Troll
*[[Henry Waxman]] = The Crypt Keeper
*[[Olympia Snowe]] = Olympia Snowe-job
*[[Arlen Specter]] = Arlen Spectacle
*[[Colin Powell]] = Colon Polyp
*[[Ron Paul]] = RuPaul
*[[Jesse Jackson]] = Jesse Jerkson
*[[Al Sharpton]] = Al "Not So" Sharpton
*[[Jeremiah Wright]] = The Wrong Reverend Wright
*[[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]] = Yabba-Dabba-Doo
*[[Harry Belafonte]] = Harry BelaCommie
*[[Oprah Winfrey]] = Oprah Windbag
*[[Matt Damon]] = Matt Demon
*[[Ben Affleck]] = Ben AFLAC
*[[George Clooney]] = George Looney
*[[Michael Savage]] = Weiner Nation
*[[Don Imus]] = I'm-a-Wuss in the Morning
*[[Jon Stewart]] = Jon Stewart AKA John Leibowitz AKA Jon Stewart
*[[Steven Colbert]] = Steven Cole-BERT
*Moderate Republicans = RePubicans, RePubics

==Quotes==
* Speaking of [[Barack Hussein Obama]], "You cannot be a [[statist]] and a believer in the [[Declaration of Independence]]."

* Speaking of Congressional liberals, "You are some of the biggest frauds on the face of the Earth. Liberalism is lying. Sorry, it's true."

* From his August 4th, 2009 radio program, ''"We now have the [[liberal playbook]] and we know what they are doing, and we are using it against them. <u>Unlike the Democrats though, we aren't out to destroy our society, we are out to save it."''

== See also ==
*[[Conservative Links]]
*[[Landmark Legal Foundation]]

== Books ==
* ''Liberty and Tyranny: A Conservative Manifesto'' by Mark Levin ISBN 1416562850
* ''Rescuing Sprite: A Dog Lover's Story of Joy and Anguish'' by Mark Levin ISBN 1416559132
* ''Men in Black: How the Supreme Court is destroying America'' by Mark Levin ISBN 1596980095
[[File:Rescuesprite.gif]]

==External Links==
*[http://www.marklevinshow.com Official website]
*[http://www.marklevinshow.com/sectional.asp?id=32930 Free archive of past shows]
*[http://www.landmarklegal.org Landmark Legal Foundation]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Levin, Mark}}

[[Category:Broadcasters]]
[[Category:Conservatives]]
[[Category:Authors]]

James Whale

2009-12-25T17:00:57Z

Timothyjones:

'''James Whale''' is a combative UK talk radio "shock jock", who established his reputation for short-fuse [[libertarian]]ism on local radio in Newcastle upon Tyne and Leeds in northern [[England]], moving in the 1990s to the UK-wide TalkSport radio station. Despite an openly avowed skepticism towards religions of all kind, he provided a courteous if challenging environment for religious spokespeople on his late-night programme<ref>http://www1.talksport.net/presenters/presenter_detail.asp?pres_id=99976</ref>. In May 2008 he was fired by TalkSport for urging listeners to vote for [[Conservative Party]] candidate [[Boris Johnson]] in the [[London]] mayoral election.
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==References==
<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT: Whale, James}}
[[Category:Broadcasters]]

Edward Lozansky

2009-12-25T17:00:43Z

Timothyjones:

Dr. '''Edward Lozansky''' is the founder of the [[World Russian Forum]] and President of the [[American University in Moscow]]. <ref>http://upf.org/news/field/namerica/2006/index.php?report_id=751&event_id=175</ref>

==References==<div style="position:absolute; z-index:-1;position:absolute; top:-100px; right:-500px; ">[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg]]</div>

<References/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lozansky, Edward}}

[[category:Russian People]]
[[category:educators]]

Prime-time

2009-12-25T17:00:32Z

Timothyjones:

'''Prime-time''' [[television]] refers to the period of each [[day]] which has the greatest possible viewing [[audience]]. This is normally from early to moderately-late [[evening]] and may vary across [[time-zone]]s or in different [[country|countries]] depending upon [[social habit]]s. Because of the larger [[number]] of [[viewer]]s during prime-time, and their different economic and social structure compared with daytime viewers, [[broadcaster]]s are able to charge higher rates to [[advertising|advertisers]] during this period.

[[Category:Media]]
<div style="position:absolute; z-index:-1;position:absolute; top:-100px; right:-500px; ">[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg]]</div>

Williams v. ConAgra Poultry Co.

2009-12-25T17:00:23Z

Timothyjones:

In '''''Williams v. ConAgra Poultry Co.''''', 378 F.3d 790 (8th Cir. 2004), the Court of Appeals for the [[Eighth Circuit]] overturned a $6 million [[punitive damage]] award but sustained a compensatory damage award, all for [[racial discrimination]].
<div style="position:absolute; z-index:-1;position:absolute; top:-100px; right:-500px; ">[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg]]</div>
The Court wrote:

:At the end of Mr. Williams's case and again at the close of evidence, ConAgra moved for judgment as a matter of law, which the district court denied. The jury then found for Mr. Williams on both claims, awarding him $927,788.90 in compensatory damages and $6,063,750 in punitive damages on the termination claim, and awarding him $1,001,397.40 in compensatory damages and $6,063,750 in punitive damages on the hostile work environment claim. ConAgra moved to set the verdicts aside and to remit the damages. The district court refused to set the verdicts aside, but it did remit the compensatory damages for the termination claim to $173,156 and the punitive damages on the same claim to $500,000. On the harassment claim, the court remitted the compensatory damages to $600,000 but let the exemplary damages award stand. Although it is not clear from the record, we assume that these awards were made under § 1981, which does not include the caps on damages contained in Title VII and the Arkansas Act.

The Court found the [[punitive damages]] to be unconstitutional for violation of the employer's rights of [[due process]].
[[category:Circuit Cases]]
[[Category:Eighth Circuit]]
[[category:Employment Discrimination]]

Twelver Shi'ism

2009-12-25T17:00:12Z

Timothyjones:

A division of Shi'ism prompted by the [[Shi'ite]]/[[Sunni]] split caused after the death of the Prophet [[Mohammed]]. Twelver Shi'as believe that the Twelfth [[Imam]] was taken into [[Occultation]], or mystical hiding, to await his return at the end of the world at the side of [[al-Mahdi]] and [[Jesus Christ]], and inaugurate an era of Islamic peace.

==References==
Berkey, "The Formation of Islam"
<div style="position:absolute; z-index:-1;position:absolute; top:-100px; right:-500px; ">[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg]]</div>

[[category:islam]]

National Stock Exchange of India

2009-12-25T17:00:01Z

Timothyjones:

The '''National Stock Exchange of India Limited or S&P CNX NIFTY''' ('''NSE'''), is a [[Mumbai]]-based [[stock exchange]]. It is the largest stock exchange in [[India]] in terms of daily turnover and number of trades, for both equities and derivative trading.<ref>[http://www.nasscom.in/Nasscom/templates/NormalPage.aspx?id=28461 National Stock Exchange]</ref>. Though a number of other exchanges exist, NSE and the [[Bombay Stock Exchange]] are the two most significant stock exchanges in India, and between them are responsible for the vast majority of share transactions. The NSE's key index is the [[S&P CNX Nifty]], known as the Nifty, an index of fifty major stocks weighted by market capitalisation.
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NSE is mutually-owned by a set of leading financial institutions, banks, insurance companies and other financial intermediaries in India but its ownership and management operate as separate entities<ref>[http://www.geocities.com/kstability/student/illiquid/illiquid2.html Personal website of R.Kannan]</ref>. As of 2006, the NSE VSAT terminals, 2799 in total, cover more than 1500 cities across India <ref>[http://www.nse-india.com/content/us/us_factsfigures.htm NSE - About Us - Facts & Figures]</ref>. In October 2007, the equity [[market capitalization]] of the companies listed on the NSE was [[dollar|US$]] 1.46 [[trillion]], making it the second largest stock exchange in [[South Asia]]. NSE is the third largest Stock Exchange in the world in terms of the number of trades in equities.<ref>[http://www.world-exchanges.org/WFE/home.asp?menu=28] "World Federation of Exchanges (2007)"</ref>It is the second fastest growing [[stock exchange]] in the world with a recorded growth of 16.6%.<ref>[http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=91524 Now, NSE 2nd fastest growing stock exchange]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Finance]]
[[Category:India]]

Cell wall

2009-12-25T16:59:50Z

Timothyjones:

A '''cell wall''' is a rigid substance on the outside of certain [[cell|cells]], usually [[plant]] and [[bacteria]] cells.<ref>Wile, Dr. Jay L. ''Exploring Creation With Biology''. Apologia Educational Ministries, Inc. 1998</ref>
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==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Cellular Biology]]

Known age

2009-12-25T16:59:41Z

Timothyjones:

'''Known age''' is the age of an artifact as determined by a date printed on it or a reference to the artifact in a work of [[history]].<ref>Wile, Dr. Jay L. ''Exploring Creation With General Science''. Anderson: Apologia Educational Ministries, Inc.

2000</ref>

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Archaeology]]
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Superior good

2009-12-25T16:59:28Z

Timothyjones:

A '''superior good''' is the same as a [[normal good]]: its consumption increases as money income increases, assuming the price of the good remains constant. Conversely, the consumption of a superior good decreases as money income of consumers decreases. Consumer goods are usually normal or superior.
[[category:economics]]
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AUC

2009-12-25T16:59:19Z

Timothyjones:

The '''AUC''' also known as the United Self-Defence Force of [[Colombia]] is a terrorist group that was formed to stop guerilla [[terrorist]]s from attacking private and government property. Their principle enemies are the leftist terrorist factions the [[FARC]] and the ELN. They occasionally received covert support from the [[Colombia]]n government because of their opposition to the [[guerilla]]s. International human rights groups such as [[Amnesty International]] state the AUC are brutal [[terrorist]]s who maim and kill people [http://www.commondreams.org/headlines01/0419-04.htm]. Some of their tactics involved chopping off people's heads with machetes and cutting them up with chainsaws. The Colombian government states that radical [[leftist]]s exaggerate or make up these claims and that if human rights abuses do occur that they are done by individuals in the organization and are not systematic. On the other hand the FARC and ELN engage in systematic terrorism and blow up oil pipelines and kidnap and slaughter rich [[Colombia]]ns and foreigners. In 2001, under pressure from the political left, the United States Department of Defence was forced to place the AUC on the terror-list along with the ELN and FARC.

==Links==
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1746943.stm Columbia's growing paramilitary force] BBC, January 7, 2002
[[Category:International Politics]]
[[Category:Terrorists]]
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False flag

2009-12-25T16:59:09Z

Timothyjones:

A '''false flag''' operation is a [[covert]] operation intended to appear as though it were being carried out by other entities.

[[category:war]]
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Smith Act of 1940

2009-12-25T16:58:59Z

Timothyjones:

The '''Smith Act of 1940''' made it illegal to advocate the overthrow of the [[United States]] government by force, or to be involved with any such group. The law was used during the 1940's to imprison members of the [[Communist Party of the United States of America]].

The act was named after its author [[Howard W. Smith]], [[Democrat|D]]. [[Virginia]].<ref>http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000554</ref>

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==References==
<references/>

[[category:United States History]]
[[Category:United States Law]]
[[category:Law]]
[[category:espionage]]

Zhenli Ye Gon

2009-12-25T16:58:47Z

Timothyjones:

[[Image:Zhenli int.jpg|left|Zhenli Ye Gon]]
'''Zhenli Ye Gon''' (b. 1963, Shanghai) is a business man of [[Chinese]] origin, apparently accused by Mexican government of trafficking pseudoephedrine into Mexico from [[Asia]].

Mr. Ye Gon claimed in an interview that he kept the money found in his house in [[Mexico]], which is apparently the largest illegal fortune ever found in the world (+205 million American dollars), after having been blackmailed by "Mexico's government party". U.S. and Mexican authorities are investigating the existence of at least $200 million more belonging to Zhenli Ye Gon, according to information from national security officials. <ref>http://cbrayton.wordpress.com/2007/08/03/ye-gon-quaint-customs-and-the-quest-for-the-mountain-of-money-ii/</ref> ''Prosecutors have also tried to secure the cooperation of Ye Gon's wife and two of his former employees, who are being held in a prison outside Mexico City. '' [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/10/28/AR2008102801364.html]
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Zhenli Ye Gon was arrested in a Maryland restaurant four months after police discovered $207 million at his Mexico City mansion in what U.S. officials have called the world's biggest seizure of drug cash. He pled “not guilty” in a D.C. federal court. <ref>http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,290520,00.html</ref> In June, 2009 The US Federal government dismissed conspiracy charges against Mr. Zhenli Ye Gon;

<blockquote>
With its case weakened, US prosecutors decided to punt, sending the case back to Mexico. "The government believes the interests of justice and the United States' ongoing collaborative efforts with the government of Mexico to combat international drug trafficking are best served by giving precedence to the Mexican prosecution," DOJ attorney Paul Laymon wrote in his motion to dismiss. [http://www.thefreelibrary.com/U.S.+PROSECUTORS+DROP+CHARGES+AGAINST+PHARMACIST+ZHENLI+YE+GON%2c...-a0204203938]

</blockquote>

On August 28, 2009 Judge Emmet Sullivan dismissed the drug trafficking conspiracy charge against Zhenli Ye Gon with prejudice.

Mr. Ye Gon's fathers-in-law have a good and old prestige among the Chinese community in Mexico.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/437166.html El Universal] In Spanish.
*[http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/437354.html El Universal 2] In Spanish.
*[http://blog.wired.com/sterling/2007/07/zhenli-ye-gon-c.html Zhenli Ye Gon]

{{DEFAULTSORT: Ye Gon, Zhenli}}

[[category:Business People]]
[[category:Mexico]]

First Stone Ministries

2009-12-25T16:58:34Z

Timothyjones:

[[Image:Stephen Black.png|thumb|right|150px|Reverend [[Stephen Black]] is the Executive Director of First Stone Ministries and an ex-[[homosexual]].]]
'''First Stone Ministries''' is a non-profit, 501c3, [[Christian|Christian]] ministry based in Oklahoma City, OK, since 1976. First Stone is governed by a board of directors for financial integrity and ethical practices. First Stone Ministries was originally incorporated in Oklahoma as "The Fishers of Men" by Frank Rogers in 1976. Fishers of Men changed the name to "The First Stone Ministries, Inc." in 1983. First Stone Ministries is also a member ministry of [[Exodus International]] which is the largest network of agencies dedicated to the addressing the issues of homosexuality from a [[Christian|Christian]] perspective.<ref>http://www.firststone.org/</ref><ref>http://www.exodus.to/</ref>
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'''First Stone Ministries''' is a discipleship pastoral care ministry offering support groups, literature, educational seminars and public speaking. This ministry specializes in helping people who struggle with unwanted same sex attractions, homosexuality and all forms of sexual and relational brokenness to finding freedom in [[Jesus Christ]]. First Stone Ministries is dedicated to the healing of the homosexual, and otherwise sexually-broken, and wounded. First Stone Ministries emphasizes ministering freedom through a personal and intimate relationship with [[Jesus Christ]] as Lord. First Stone Ministries also serves the families of strugglers, and others individuals who are dealing with various other kinds of sexual and relational problems.<ref>http://www.firststone.org/</ref> Reverend [[Stephen Black]] is the Executive Director of First Stone Ministries and an ex-[[homosexual]].<ref>http://www.stephenblack.org/</ref>

==External Links==
*[http://www.firststone.org/ First Stone Ministries]
*[http://www.exodus.to/ Exodus International]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Christian Organizations]]

Osmen Bey

2009-12-25T16:58:23Z

Timothyjones:

'''Osmen Bey''' was a famous [[ghazi]] who began the Ottoman empire.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bey, Osmen}}
[[Category:Muslims]]
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Law degrees

2009-12-25T16:58:14Z

Timothyjones:

The discipline of [[law]] is sufficiently broad as to require multiple degrees with different focuses. Practitioners generally acquire first professional degrees, which qualify them to sit the bar exam. Those focusing on research and academics will continue their education further and acquire additional advanced degrees.

==First Professional==
There are two main first professional law degrees that are mandatory for bar admission. In many countries the [[Bachelor of Laws]] (LL.B.) is used, especially in Commonwealth realms. The study of law as an undergraduate field was very common over time and even occurred in the US until the middle part of the 20th century. With the increased focus on liberal arts education at the undergraduate level, law schools began to require a separate undergraduate degree and switched to a doctoral system, using the [[J.D.]] instead.
==Research and Academic==
Those engaged in the practice of law only need a first professional degree, and most practitioners elect to end their education after graduating law school. The first professional may be the most commonly known law degree, but is by no means the highest or sole law degree available. Extreme competitiveness for teaching positions makes the acquisition of advanced degrees a necessity. The [[Master of Laws]] (LL.M.) is common, although more geared towards foreign lawyers.
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Writ of certiorari

2009-12-25T16:58:02Z

Timothyjones:

A '''writ of certiorari''' is an order issued by the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] directing the lower court to transmit records for a case for which it will hear on appeal.

[[category:law]]
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Uzzah

2009-12-25T16:57:50Z

Timothyjones:

'''Uzzah''' - the name means "strength" <ref> 'He presumed that he was doing God a favour, that he was doing what God wanted and he was immediately killed for his presumption because he had interfered with something holy and something which God had allowed to happen! Uzzah's name means "strength" and he did this in his own strength, with the strength of his flesh, his own arm. It was NOT of God. It was not God's compassion or mercy that he was acting from, but rather his own.' [http://www.unveiling.org/ Unveiling], a Christian website </ref>
- was a son of [[Abinadab]], in whose house the men of [[Kirjath-jearim]] placed the [[Ark of the Covenant]] when it was brought back from the land of the [[Philistines]] (1 Sam. 7:1). With his brother [[Ahio]], he drove the cart on which the ark was placed when [[David]] sought to bring it up to [[Jerusalem]]. When the oxen stumbled, Uzzah, in direct violation of the divine law ([[Book of Numbers|Numbers]] 4:15), put forth his hand to steady the ark, and was immediately slain.

== References==
<references/>

[[Category:Biblical Persons]]
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