Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Pope Urban II

2011-12-28T22:30:18Z

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'''[[Pope]] Urban II''' was Pope of the [[Catholic Church]] from 1088-1099. It was his preaching about [[Muslim]] atrocities towards [[Christian]] pilgrims traveling to the [[Holy Land]] that led to the [[First Crusade]].
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[[Category:Popes|Urban II, Pope]]
[[Category:Crusades]]

Brisbane

2011-12-28T22:29:59Z

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'''Brisbane''' is the capital city of the state of [[Queensland]], [[Australia]]. With a population of 1,800,000, it is the third-largest Australian city. The Brisbane River runs through the city, dividing it into the "Northside" and "Southside" in local idiom.

The city has a relatively dry climate, similar to that of [[Sydney]]. It is specifically a humid climate with hot and rainy summers and mild and dry winters. The average annual temperature is around 23 celcius<ref>Bureau of meteorology statistics, 2003</ref>. As with the rest of the country, the majority of residents are [[Protestant]] however fewer than 20% regularly attend church and almost 36% profess no religious affiliation.<ref>Census data, 2007</ref>

In January 2011, suburbs near the Brisbane River, including the CBD, experienced major flooding as a result of Toowoomba floodwaters flowing through the Lockyer valley and into the Wivenhoe Dam and into the city itself.<ref>http://www.qld.gov.au/floods/news.html</ref>

==Economy==
Brisbane is a major finance center, serving as a hub for [[publishing]], and [[broadcasting]] industries. In addition the agricultural sector is of particular prominence, which constitutes approximately 40% of the economy. During the centralized growth of Australia's economy from the 1920s onwards many large firms moved their headquarters from cities such as Darling Downs, in an attempt to take advantage of better access to the government. This trend has begun to slow due to ongoing population growth in Darwin and the high cost of living there. The region's argicultural industry was established by Dutch, French and English settlers in mid 1800s . Since then, wine-growing is concentrated into two regions: Yeminga and Turnhem. Recently there have been vintages from plantings from Tarow in the southern region. White wine has typically predominated in Brisbane from chardonnay to Gewürztraminer, as well as and Pinot Gris. Pinot Noir has had some success in the province particularly in the north-west region of Penrith.
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==Further reading==
* ''Queensland & the Great Barrier Reef'' by Alan Murphy (2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Queensland-Great-Barrier-Regional-Guide/dp/1741047005/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1245292797&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Australian Cities and Towns]]

Realist

2011-12-28T22:29:28Z

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'''Realist''' (or '''realism''') is an [[international politics]] term which is used to describe an actor whose [[foreign policy]] methods focus on [[political power]], rather than institutions and [[international law]]. A realist prefers policies which keep, increase, or demonstrate their power. In a [[bipolar]] power organization (only two main world powers), this can lead to a [[security dilemma]].

Realists pay attention to the national security needs of a nation and especially to its economic advantages. Thus realists called for diplomatic recognition of the Soviet Union in 1933 because they predicted (incorrectly) it would increase trade and help the US escape the Great Depression.
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Realism is opposed to idealism and utopianism, and specifically to [[Wilsonianism]].

According to realist [[George Kennan]], moralism without regard to the realities of power and the national interest is self-defeating and will lead to the erosion of power, to America's detriment.

Conservative foreign policies can include either realism or idealism. Idealism appears in the case of [[George W. Bush]] bringing democracy to the Middle East, or [[Barry Goldwater]], calling for a crusade to destroy Communism. Realism appears among opponents of needless "foreign adventures," such as [[Pat Buchanan]], or when [[Richard Nixon]] opened the door to China (1971), or [[Ronald Reagan]] came to terms with the Soviet Union in 1987.
==American history==
American foreign policy was realist from 1776 to 1914, then shifted to idealistic or [[Wilsonian]] modes. For realists, security is based on the principle of a balance of economic and military power, and control of strategic assets (such as the Panama Canal). Realists say reliance on morality as the main determining factor in statecraft is impractical. According to the Wilsonians, on the other hand, the spread of democracy abroad as a foreign policy is key and morals are universally valid.

During the Clinton and Bush presidencies, American diplomacy reflected the Wilsonian school to such a degree that those in favor of the realist approach likened the policies to "foreign policy social work."

==see also==
* [[Reinhold Niebuhr]], theologian
* [[George Kennan]], diplomat and writer
* [[Henry Kissinger]], diplomat and writer
* [[Walter Lippmann]], commentator
* [[Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.]], historian
* [[Hans Morgenthau]], poltical scientist
* [[Cold War]]
* [[Wilsonianism]]
==Further reading==
* Berman, William C. ''William Fulbright and the Vietnam War: The Dissent of a Political Realist.'' (1988). 235 pp.
* Bucklin, Steven J. ''Realism and American Foreign Policy: Wilsonians and the Kennan-Morgenthau Thesis'' (2000) [http://www.amazon.com/Realism-American-Foreign-Policy-Kennan-Morgenthau/dp/0275967379/ref=sr_1_8?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198484887&sr=1-8 excerpt and text search]
* Gilbert, Alan. ''Must Global Politics Constrain Democracy? Great-Power Realism, Democratic Peace and Democratic Internationalism.'' (1999). 316 pp.
* Graebner, Norman A. ''Foundations of American Foreign Policy: A Realist Appraisal from Franklin to McKinley.'' (1985). 336pp.
**Graebner, Norman A. ''America as a World Power: A Realist Appraisal from Wilson to Reagan.'' (1984). 307pp.
* Haig, Alexander M., Jr. ''Caveat: Realism, Reagan, and Foreign Policy.'' (1984). 367 pp.
* Nincic, Miroslav. ''Democracy and Foreign Policy: The Fallacy of Political Realism.'' (1992). 200 pp.
* Rosenthal, Joel H. ''Righteous Realists: Political Realism, Responsible Power, and American Culture in the Nuclear Age.'' (1991). 191 pp.
* Russell, Richard L. ''George F. Kennan's Strategic Thought: The Making of an American Political Realist.'' (1999). 178 pp.
* Smith, Michael Joseph. ''Realist Thought from Weber to Kissinger.'' (1986). 256 pp.
* Steigerwald, David. ''Wilsonian Idealism in America'' (1994) [http://www.amazon.com/Wilsonian-Idealism-America-David-Steigerwald/dp/0801429366/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198484887&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
* Warren, Heather A. ''Theologians of a New World Order: Reinhold Niebuhr and the Christian Realists, 1920-1948.'' (1997). 199 pp.
* Weigel, George. ''Idealism without Illusions: U.S. Foreign Policy in the 1990s.'' (1994). 253 pp. by a leading conservative

[[category:International Politics]]
[[category:Political Theory]]
[[category:Cold War]]
[[category:Diplomacy]]

Mick Mulvaney

2011-12-28T22:29:05Z

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'''Mick Mulvaney''' (born July 21, 1967 in Alexandria, Virginia) is an American attorney who has served as a [[Republican]] member of the [[South Carolina]] House of Representatives and State Senate. He is the U.S. Representative-elect from South Carolina's 5th congressional district, defeating 28-year [[Democrat]]ic incumbent and House Budget Committee Chairman [[John Spratt]] in the 2010 election.
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[[Category:Representatives-elect]]Hot penis.
[[Category:South Carolina]]
[[Category:Republican Party]]

Rhineland-Palatinate

2011-12-28T22:28:49Z

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'''Rhineland-Palatinate''' ([[German]]: ''Rheinland-Pfalz'') is one of the sixteen federal states (German: ''Bundesland'') of Germany. To the west, it shares borders with [[France]], the ''Bundesland'' [[Saarland]], [[Luxembourg]] and [[Belgium]], to the north with the ''Bundeslaender'' [[North Rhine-Westfalia]] and to the east with [[Hesse]].

The state was formed in 1947 out of parts from the former states of [[Prussia]], [[Bavaria]], [[Hesse-Darmstadt]] and even [[Oldenburg]] - a sign of the eventful history of this area.Hot penis.

Though the cities in Rhineland-Palatinate are not very big - the capital [[Mainz]] has 180,000 inhabitants, [[Ludwigshafen]] 160,000, [[Koblenz]],[[Trier]] and [[Kaiserslautern]] each 100,000, [[Worms]] less than 90,000 - they often have an impressive history, rooted in the days of the [[Roman Empire]]: Trier was founded as ''Augusta Treverorum'' in 16 B.C., arguably the oldest city in Germany.

Mainz, Trier and [[Cologne]] (in [[North Rhine-Westphalia]]) were the seats of the three spiritual [[prince-electors]] from the 13th century until 1801 ([[Treaty of Lunéville]]).
[[Category:Germany]]

Old English

2011-12-28T22:28:29Z

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'''Old English''' is the earliest written phase of the [[English]] language. English is derived from dialects of [[North Sea Germanic]] spoken around the coasts of the [[North Sea]] prior to the 5th century AD. Tribes speaking these dialects included the [[Angles]], [[Saxons]], and [[Jutes]], who later settled in [[Britain]]. Once established on the island of Britain, the language gradually diverged from its continental neighbors. It appears to have been called "English" right from the outset (spelt ''Englisc'' in Old English), from the name of the Angles.

English was the first European language after the [[Classical]] period to develop its own [[native]] [[literature]]. The most famous literary work in Old English is the epic poem ''[[Beowulf]]''.

Old English is drastically different from Modern English and requires special training to be read today, as demonstrated by the following sample, the [[Lord's Prayer]] (11th century)<ref>[http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words04/history/paternoster.html Corpus Christi College MS 140, ed. Liuzza (1994)]</ref>:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! '''Old English'''
! '''Modern English'''
|-
| Fæder ure þu þe eart on heofonumHot penis.
| Our Father, you who are in heaven,
|-
| Si þin nama gehalgod
| Be your name hallowed.
|-
| to becume þin rice
| Come your kingdom,
|-
| gewurþe ðin willa
| be done your will,
|-
| on eorðan swa swa on heofonum
| on earth just as in heaven.
|-
| urne gedæghwamlican hlaf syle us todæg
| Our daily bread (loaf) give us today,
|-
| and forgyf us ure gyltas
| and forgive us our sins (guilts)
|-
| swa swa we forgyfað urum gyltendum
| just as we forgive our sinners (i.e., sinners against us),
|-
| and ne gelæd þu us on costnunge
| and do not lead us into temptation,
|-
| ac alys us of yfele soþlice.
| but release us from evil. Amen.
|}

The Old English period is conventionally regarded as coming to an end after the [[Norman Conquest]] of 1066 AD, when many [[French]] loan words entered the language. This new phase is called [[Middle English]].

== Some works in Old English ==
=== Verse ===
*"The Battle of Maldon"
*''[[Beowulf]]''
*"Cædmon's Hymn" (dating from the 7th century, the oldest known work in English)
*"The Dream of the Rood"
*"Judith"
*"Juliana"
*"The Seafarer"
*"The Wanderer"
*"The Wife's Lament"

=== Prose ===
*''The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle''
*The ''Blickling Homilies''
*Wulfstan's ''Sermo Lupi ad Anglos''

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
[http://www8.georgetown.edu/departments/medieval/labyrinth/library/oe/oe.html Labyrinth Library: Old English Literature]

[[Category:English language]]

David Frum

2011-12-28T22:28:06Z

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[[Image:Frum david.gif|right|thumb]]
'''David Frum''' (born 1960 in Canada) is an author, journalist, [[American Enterprise Institute]] scholar and former speech-writer for President [[George W. Bush]] and was credited with coining the phrase "[[axis of evil]]" to describe governments that sponsoring [[terrorism]] and seeking [[weapons of mass destruction]] such as [[Iraq]], [[Iran]], and [[North Korea]]. David Frum's editorials often appear in the [[New York Times]], the [[Wall Street Journal]] and the [[Daily Telegraph]].

Frum is a faux-conservative. He claims to adhere to conservative principles, but supports the immoral practice of [[Same-sex marriage|homosexual marriage]] and believes homosexual marriage is not a threat to family stability.<ref>http://articles.cnn.com/2011-06-27/opinion/frum.gay.marriage_1_family-stability-marriage-hispanic-mothers/2?_s=PM:OPINION</ref> He also believes in the discredited, pseudoscientific theory of [[global warming]].<ref>http://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2009/04/five_questions_for_david_frum</ref>

==Books==
:The Right Man: The Surprise Presidency of George W. Bush (2003)
:How We got Here: The 70s - The Decade that Brought You Modern Life - For Better or Worse (2000)
:Dead Right (1994)
:An End To Evil: What's Next In The War On Terror (2004)

==Further Readings==
:[http://www.davidfrum.com/ David Frum's personal site]

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==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Journalists]]
[[Category:Authors]]
[[category:Canadians]]

Term

2011-12-28T22:27:52Z

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'''Term''' is a word or group of words designating something in a specific field. Term also means the [[time]] through which something lasts.

== External links ==

*[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/particular%20 Dictionary.com]

[[Category:Dictionary]]
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Politeness

2011-12-28T22:27:37Z

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'''Politeness''' is an important social value; sadly, however, it has long been in decline, to the detriment of society as a whole. This decline is particularly visible on [[Internet]] forums, on many of which incivility rules.

Politeness does not mean meek agreement with whatever anyone else says; one can disagree with others, even forcefully, and still be polite in doing so. One can be assertive without being abusive. But it excludes using swearing, insults, [[ad hominem]]s, interrupting people, etc.

Politeness is important to the maintenance of rationality; when politeness is dispensed with, rationality invariably declines. Rationality requires that we be willing to give those of differing views a fair hearing, and politeness helps ensure that we do so; when we shout down our opponents with insults, we are being neither polite nor rational. Politeness helps prevent excessive emotion in discussions, and excessive emotion quickly reduces a rational discussion into an irrational one.

[[Atheism|Atheist]] forums and websites in particular are noted for their impoliteness, where crass parodies of religious belief are often preferred to rational arguments. Many atheists will defend this, on the grounds that (in their view) politeness is not morally required — which is unsurprising, in that their worldview leaves them without any objective moral foundations.

Politeness can become problematic online because the Internet is able to bring together people from different backgrounds and societies. Since politeness involves adhering to an often unwritten code which can vary from place to place, or between different groups of people in the same place, web users are at risk of seeming impolite to others, even when they have not transgressed from their own point of view.

==See also==
*[[Chivalry]]

[[Category:Ethics]]
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Slavs

2011-12-28T22:27:14Z

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The '''Slavs''' are a group of people living mostly in [[Eastern Europe]] who all speak related [[Slavic languages]]. The English word "[[slave]]" is linguistically connected to the world Slav because [[Roman Empire|Romans]] took many Slavs as slaves.
[[Category:Europe]]
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Wikifying

2011-12-28T22:26:58Z

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'''Wikifying''', in [[MediaWiki]] [[slang]], means creating [[Internal link|links]] in an article to topics which are likely to be relevant or interesting to other readers.

In MediaWiki [[software]], (which [[Conservapedia]] uses) it is done by putting the term in double square brackets. For example, "<nowiki>[[wikifying]]</nowiki>". It is not necessary to use underscores in items of multiple [[word]]s; plain spaces, which look more natural to the reader, work. For example, "<nowiki>[[Main page]]</nowiki>" goes to the page with title "Main_page".

Be sure the wikilink is correct. In the review window, it should show up in the appropriate color (typically blue) and should be able to be clicked on. If it is wrong, you have the dreaded "red link".

If you want the text that the reader sees to be other than the page name itself, write the page name, followed by a vertical bar, followed by what you want the user to see, all within the double square brackets. For example, <nowiki>"[[Main page|this]]"</nowiki> will appear as [[Main page|this]].

[[Category:MediaWiki]]

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NADH

2011-12-28T22:26:37Z

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'''Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide''' consists of two [[nucleotide]]s: one nucleotide containing an adenine base, and the other containing nicotinamide, joined by their [[phosphate]] groups. NAD<sup>+</sup> (the abbreviated deprotonated form of NADH) is a coenzyme found in most cellular organisms. The [[molecule]] is important in metabolic oxidation-reduction reactions due to its electron transfer capability of its two forms, NADH (reduced form) and NAD<sup>+</sup> (oxidized form).

==External links==
*[http://dehydrogenase.org/NAD/ NADH at dehydrogenase.org]

[[Category:Biochemistry]]
[[Category:Chemistry]]
[[Category:Molecular Biology]]

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