Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Mockery

2008-03-30T16:14:47Z

ZebraSofa:

'''Mockery''' is a kind of [[jeer]]ing or showing [[contempt]] by [[derision]] or [[parody]], often in the form of a composition that creates a caricature of someone's style in a [[humor]]ous or [[satire|satirical]] way. It's what we do to you, you biased, stuck-up, moronic, deluded fascist gits, now get your heads out of your collected asses and go suck on jellyfish.

Mockery is not always a sign of a defect in the thing being mocked. The tactic of mocking someone or their work is multi-pronged.

It is used to dismiss the person's work, so that others don't even take a look at it. It is often used as a political tactic to distract people from seeing the real [[fact]]s. It's a variant of [[ad hominem]], like saying [[scientist]]s who disagree with the [[United Nations]] about [[global warming]] are "in the pay of Big Oil" or saying scientists who believe in evolution are all atheists so their views can be discounted.

It is used to make the person lose confidence in what they are doing. "Ha, ha, you're [[stupid]]! Give up! You'll never succeed!" The idea is to bring someone down to one's own level, i.e., a "do nothing".

Mockery is also used to create confusion. Each of the books on Bushisms published during the 2000 and 2004 election campaigns was a subtle blend of [[gaffe]]s and digs. The gaffes were just verbatim transcripts of the sort of error any [[politics|politician]] makes when replying too quickly to a reporter's question. "One of my concerns is that the health care not be as good as it can possibly be." (Obviously by ''not be'' he meant ''is not'') There is no reason to collect and show these for one politician while never showing the same kind of error made by another politician, unless you are trying to make the '''false point''' that your candidate is infallible and your opponent is incompetent. The digs were [[grammar|grammatically]] correct statements of fact, which the author of the book simply disagree with. The point of including them among the [[malapropism]]s and slips of the tongue is to insinuate that these statements were indications of incompetence. Actually, they only reveal the [[prejudice]] of the author.

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.answers.com/topic/mockery a dictionary definition] ''Scornfully contemptuous ridicule; derision.''

[[category:communication]]

User:HKing

2008-03-30T16:13:34Z

ZebraSofa: New page: Hello. What's your rate?

Hello. What's your rate?

Angel

2008-03-30T16:10:42Z

ZebraSofa:

{{TOCright}}
In the [[anime]] ''[[Neon Genesis Evangelion (TV)|Neon Genesis Evangelion]]'', '''Angels''' are beings which attack [[Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary#Tokyo-3|Tokyo-3]] over the course of the story.

All but one of the Angels are the progeny of Adam, itself the "First Angel".<ref name="Extras: Eva Glossary">"Extras: Eva Glossary". ''Neon Genesis Evangelion'' [http://www.advfilms.com/titles/evangelion/ official ADV site]</ref> All Angels produce [[Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary#AT Field|AT-Field]]s of varying strengths, and all are identified as "blood type: blue". They all possess [[Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary#S² Engine|S² engine]]s, and most have an externalized [[Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary#core|core]] which serves as the seat of their soul; sufficient damage to an Angel's core will kill it. Upon their death, many Angels self-destruct, either producing a massive explosion or simply disintegrating.

Beyond these common properties, the Angels take no common form. They range from gargantuan to nano-sized and from bizarre in shape to human in appearance. Their abilities similarly run the gamut, from rapid viral-scale evolution to powerful positron beam attacks.

The Angels appear at various times in various places. Often, several weeks pass between the appearance of one Angel and the next, although in at least one instance (e.g. the timespan between the thirteenth and fourteenth Angels) two Angels have appeared within one day of each other. The location of their initial appearance, and even their apparent destination, also varies. A number of them emerge from or appear over the ocean, others appear out of thin air directly over [[Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary#Tokyo-3|Tokyo-3]], while still others appear high up in the atmosphere. Supposedly, their arrival is predicted by the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]] in the possession of [[Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary#SEELE|SEELE]].

Exactly how the Angels are related to humans is unknown. At one point, it is stated that mankind ate of the "Fruit of Wisdom", hence their intelligence and technology, and Angels ate of the "Fruit of Life", hence their immortality<ref>''''Neon Genesis Evangelion'', [[The Beginning and the End, or "Knockin' on Heaven's Door"|episode 24]]: Tabris: "As an Angel I am destined to live forever..."</ref> and powers. At a different point, it is stated that the Angels are merely different (evolutionary) paths that mankind could have taken. It is explicitly stated in the series<ref>''Neon Genesis Evangelion'', [[Rei I|episode 5]]: Ritsuko: "Although they [the Angels] are composed of a different form of matter, their actual composition, in terms of the arrangement and spacing of the pattern, falls within a 99.89% match of human genes."</ref> that, even though they are composed of an altogether different form of matter ("characterized by both particulate and wave properties, like light") the Angels' genetic code bears a 99.89% similarity to humans.

Most of the Angels' names utilize the theophoric names of traditional [[angelology]]. It is not known whether these names are simply what SEELE assigned to them or whether they are the Angels' "true" names. With the exception of SEELE (and possibly Kaworu, as he identifies Lilith by name), most of the characters seem to be ignorant of the Angels' names, although Adam's name is known to a number of them. Also unknown are whether director [[Hideaki Anno]] or Angel designer [[Yoshiyuki Sadamoto]] deliberately chose the Angels' names after researching the angelology behind the names or whether they were chosen regardless of their mythological connotations. For the sake of completion, this list of Angels does mention the traditional angelological interpretation where appropriate.

The Japanese word used to refer to the Angels is {{nihongo|''shito''|使徒||messenger, apostle, one who is dedicated to a holy cause}}. The word usually used for "angel" is {{nihongo|''tenshi''|天使||messenger of heaven}}. The translation to "angel" was specified by Gainax. (Even in the original Japanese release, the English word "Angel" flashes onscreen in the opening sequence and appears on video screens in [[Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary#NERV|NERV]] headquarters.) This is appropriate, given that the English word ''angel'' is derived from the Greek for "messenger" (ἄγγελος, ''angelos''), which is also the source of the word "Evangelion".

The following is a list of the Angels in the series. Notice the numbering in the compilation movie has changed and Sachiel, Shamshel and Ramiel became the 4th, 5th and 6th Angel instead of the original 3rd, 4th and 5th. It is unknown in the first movie what extra Angel was added, and it did not appear in the movie at all.

'''Notes:''' There is debate among fans over the order and numbering of the Angels, and even over who qualifies as an Angel. However, official sources explicitly identify Adam as the "First Angel".<ref name="Extras: Eva Glossary"/><ref>Evangelion Mono</ref> SEELE also identifies Sachiel as the "Third Angel",<ref name="episode 14">''Neon Genesis Evangelion'', [[WEAVING A STORY|episode 14]]. SEELE reviews all of the Angels that have appeared up to this point in the story, and identifies Sachiel as the "Third Angel", Shamshel as the "Fourth Angel", and so on up to the eleventh, Ireul.</ref> with succeeding Angels numbered accordingly. This unmistakably implicates Lilith as the second Angel.

The only legitimate controversy is the listing of Lilim (mankind) as the eighteenth Angel. Some lists identify Rei as the eighteenth, while others omit the eighteenth altogether. This list includes an eighteenth Angel for the sake of completion, and identifies Lilim as the eighteenth because they are explicitly identified as such.<ref name="''End of Evangelion''">Misato: "Mankind is the eighteenth Angel.", from ''The End of Evangelion'', episode 25': Air / Love is Destructive</ref>

==Adam==
The first Angel is Adam<ref>[http://www.absoluteanime.com/eva/adam.htm Adam] information and image</ref>. It appeared just before [[Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary#Second Impact|Second Impact]] as a "giant of light", and was also shown to have four wings (shown separately). All of the other Angels (apart from Lilith, Adam's "equal") are descended from Adam, although it is not made clear whether this is in a biological sense or a metaphysical sense. Adam's descendants possess the "Fruit of Life," the source of the Angels' power and immortality (also known as the S² Engine).

Adam was discovered in the [[Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary#White Moon|White Moon]], buried under [[Antarctica]]. The Katsuragi Expedition attempted a "contact experiment" with Adam using the [[Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary#Lance of Longinus|Lance of Longinus]], which went out of control and triggered Second Impact. Adam's body was reduced to an embryonic form, and its soul was resurrected into Kaworu Nagisa (see below). Adam's body was later retrieved and used as the basis for the [[Evangelion (mecha)|Evangelion]]s, with the exception of Unit 01.

Later, [[Ryoji Kaji]] delivered Adam, encased in dura-[[bakelite]], to NERV commander [[Gendo Ikari]], who at an unspecified later time had Adam grafted to his right palm. The series did not reveal what purpose this served, but in ''[[End of Evangelion]]'', Gendo tried to physically merge Rei with Adam by pushing his right hand into her body.

[[Adam]] is named for the first human created by [[God]] in the [[Genesis|Book of Genesis]] of the Hebrew Bible.

'''Notes:'''
*In [[Yoshiyuki Sadamoto]]'s official [[Neon Genesis Evangelion (manga)|manga]] of ''Evangelion'', Gendo swallows the embryonic Adam.
*In the [[spin off]] [[video game]] ''[[Neon Genesis Evangelion 2]]'', it is said Adam was planted, along with the [[Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary#White Moon|White Moon]], by an unknown "First Ancestral Race" as the intended progenitor of life on Earth. The game is supposedly to be the same story told from different angles and seen by different characters.<ref>Newtype November, 2003 issue, Neon Genesis Evangelion 2, Evangelions</ref>
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==Lilith==
The second Angel is Lilith<ref>[http://www.absoluteanime.com/eva/lilith.htm Lilith] information and image</ref>. Lilith initially appears as a white, legless giant, whose face is covered with a mask displaying the Seven Eyes of God. Numerous human-like legs protrude from its legless stumps. The Angel is [[crucifxion|crucified]] on a giant cross in [[Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary#Terminal Dogma|Terminal Dogma]], the deepest level of NERV headquarters. Lilith's torso constantly leaks [[Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary#LCL|LCL]] from an unseen wound, forming a lake of LCL at the base of its cross which is tapped to fill the Evas' [[Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary#Entry plug|entry plugs]].

In [[Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary#First Impact|First Impact]], Lilith usurped Adam as the progenitor of life on Earth. All life on Earth is supposedly descended from this Angel, although it is never specified if this is in a biological sense or a metaphysical sense. Lilith's descendants possess the "Fruit of Wisdom," the source of human science and technology. The "Deleted Scenes" from [[Rei III|episode 23]] also reveal that Unit 01 is artificially derived from Lilith.

Lilith was discovered in the [[Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary#Black Moon|Black Moon]], underneath [[Japan]]. The Black Moon was converted into the [[Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary#GeoFront (NERV HQ)|GeoFront]], and the site of Lilith's body became Terminal Dogma. It is never stated whether Lilith was already crucified when it was found, or whether it was later crucified. At some point after [[Yui Ikari]]'s contact experiment with [[Evangelion (mecha)#Evangelion Unit 01 (Shogōki: 初号機)|Unit 01]], Lilith's soul was placed into Rei Ayanami. Later, once it was retrieved, the Lance of Longinus was used to impale the Angel. When Kaji revealed Lilith to [[Misato Katsuragi]], both assumed it was Adam. Tabris later properly identified it as Lilith. The series does not explicitly reveal Lilith's exact role in the plans for [[Human Instrumentality Project|Instrumentality]].

In ''The End of Evangelion'', Gendo Ikari tried to initiate his version of Instrumentality by pushing his right hand (to which had been grafted the embryonic body of the Angel Adam) into Rei's body. Rei, however, absorbed Adam (along with most of Gendo's arm) into herself, rejected Gendo's control of her, and merged with Lilith on her own. The merged Rei/Lilith freed itself from its bonds and transformed into a colossal winged version of Rei. It then generated an anti-AT field which covered the entire planet, nullifying the AT fields of every human and reverting humanity back into the [[primordial soup]]. Rei/Lilith died when [[Shinji Ikari|Shinji]] rejected Instrumentality.

[[Lilith]] is named for the first woman God created in [[Judaism|Jewish]] mythology, who left the [[Garden of Eden]] after she refused to be subservient to Adam.

'''Notes:'''
*In the English dub of ''The End of Evangelion'', a line by Misato is mistranslated as saying that Lilith was born from Adam. The correct translation reads that mankind was born from Lilith in the same way the Angels were born from Adam.
*The Lance of Longinus used to hold Lilith was originally created for Adam. Lilith's own assigned Lance is presumed to have been lost during [[Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary#First Impact|First Impact]]. It is also not explained why a "contact experiment" with Adam's respective Lance of Longinus could cause Second Impact, while using the Lance on Lilith produced no such effect.{{Fact|date=July 2007}}
* In the ''[[Rebuild of Evangelion]]'' series, Lilith is revealed much earlier in the plot, and is correctly identified by Misato. Her mask in this version resembles the face of Sachiel (now the fourth Angel), and there is a diagonal scar across her chest, the edges of which are marked by crucifix-shaped nails. In addition, she has already been impaled by the Lance of Longinus. However, another Angel resembling Lilith and with a mask resembling the original version appears at the end of [[Evangelion: 1.0 You Are (Not) Alone|the first film]]<ref>[http://www.designchronicle.com/memento/archives/rebuild_of_evangelion_1stimpression.html] Design Chronicle review</ref>, apparently being excavated on the [[Moon]].
*In the video game ''[[Neon Genesis Evangelion 2]]'', it is said Lilith, together with the [[Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary#Black Moon|Black Moon]], was created to be a "Seed of Life" by an unknown "First Ancestral Race".
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==Sachiel==
Sachiel<ref name="ADV">[http://www.advfilms.com/titles/evangelion/ ADV Evangelion site] Official ADV site for ''Neon Genesis Evangelion''; Angel images and information are under the Artwork section (requires [[Adobe Flash]])</ref>, the third Angel, is the first Angel to attack Tokyo-3. It is a massive, vaguely humanoid creature with large bony structures on its shoulders and torso, [[gill]]-like structures on its legs, [[Dactyly#Tridactyly|tridactyl]] hands, and a distinctive beaked face (a second face, behind and slightly to the side of the first one, emerges after an [[Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary#N² bomb|N² bomb]] is dropped on the Angel). It has a powerful long-range energy blast, which distinctly forms a [[Christian]] cross on detonation, and two sharp spikes which slide through its arms and extend through holes in its hands as striking weapons (when retracted, the spikes extend from the Angel's elbows). Its core is located prominently on its chest.

After easily defeating the UN military forces sent to attack it, Sachiel was briefly stopped by an N² bomb, which it quickly regenerated from. It then fought Unit 01, in Shinji Ikari's first battle against an Angel. Initially, Sachiel defeated Unit 01. However, the Eva went "berserk", re-engaged Sachiel, and inflicted massive damage to the Angel's core. The Angel then attached itself to Unit 01 and self-destructed, but failed to destroy Unit 01.

Sachiel demonstrates impressive regenerative abilities, recovering from an N² bomb in a matter of hours. The Angel also seems to have a limited ability to alter its own body structure, as demonstrated when it bulges its arm muscles to stop a missile, when it snaps Unit 01’s arm, and when it partly envelops Unit 01 and self-destructs.

Sachiel literally means ''Covering of God'' or ''Price of God''.<ref name="theophory"/> It is named for the {{nihongo|Angel of Water|水の天使|Mizu no Tenshi}}.<ref name="TV guide">[http://www.ocn.ne.jp/theater/flets/list/pickup/feat_eva/p04.html これを読めば、エヴァが百倍楽しくなる！新世紀エヴァンゲリオン]</ref>

'''Notes'''
*Both forms of Sachiel's bird-like face are used in ''Evangelion''-related imagery and on ''Evangelion''-related merchandise.<ref>[http://www.evastore.jp/ Official ''Neon Genesis Evangelion'' merchandise]</ref> It can also be seen at the beginning of the opening credits as the "face" of a drawing of a winged figure. In the ''Rebuild of Evangelion'' series, Lilith in Central Dogma and the Angel Shamshel are depicted with Sachiel masks.<ref>[http://www.designchronicle.com/memento/archives/rebuild_of_evangelion_1stimpression.html] Design Chronicle review</ref>
*Although looking like a mask, the eyes of Sachiel actually blinked once in the original series while being attacked by missiles from [[attack helicopter]]s and blinked a few times in the new movie.
*In ''[[Rebuild of Evangelion]]'', Sachiel is the fourth angel instead of the third.
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==Shamshel==
The fourth Angel, Shamshel<ref name="ADV"/><ref>[http://eva.yahoo.co.jp/kagi/machine/machine_11.html Gaghiel] Information and image ('''Japanese''')</ref>, is a massive, vaguely [[arthropod]]-like creature, with a long cylindrical body, a roughly shovel-shaped head with two eyespot-like markings, and eight retractable segmented limbs. It also has two short "arms" that project energy whips, which can easily slice through objects and may also be used to manipulate objects. Shamshel remains horizontal during flight; during combat it raises itself upright by 90 degrees, with the "head" remaining parallel to the ground. Its core is located under its “throat.”

Shamshel was engaged by Shinji in Unit 01. During the battle, Unit 01's umbilical cable was severed by Shamshel's energy whips, and Shinji had to fight the Angel on battery power. Ignoring orders to retreat, Shinji inflicted a fatal wound to the Angel’s core using Unit 01’s [[Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary#Progressive Knife|progressive knife]], killing it seconds before Unit 01's batteries expired. The minimal damage to Shamshel allowed NERV to obtain a near-complete Angel specimen, although no report was ever submitted or published. NERV was able to recover the Angel's S² engine, which the Third Branch would later attempt to install in [[Evangelion (mecha)#Evangelion Unit 04 (Yongōki: 四号機)|Unit 04]].{{Fact|date=August 2007}}

Shamshel literally means ''Lonely Conqueror of God''.<ref name="theophory">''Hitchcock's New and Complete Analysis of the Holy Bible''. by Roswell D. Hitchcock. New York: A. J. Johnson, 1874, c1869.</ref> It is named for the {{nihongo|Angel of the Morning|昼の天使|Hiru no Tenshi}},<ref name="TV guide"/> charged with guarding the entrance to the Garden of Eden.{{Fact|date=April 2007}}

'''Notes'''
* Shamshel's name is misspelled as "Shamsel" during SEELE's recollection of the Angel attacks up to Armisael in [[Rei III|episode 23]].
*In the ''Rebuild of Evangelion'' series, Shamshel has been redesigned: the segmented limbs under its head appear to be mobile rib-like structures connected to an exposed bone-like structure resembling a spine. It totally collapsed into a blood red liquid form instead of keeping its own form like in the original series and samples could be taken after its death.

'''Trivia'''
* Shamshel's character designer, Yoshitoh Asari, depicts the Angel as female in [[omake]] comics called "Angel Kiss"<ref>[http://www.evacommentary.org/supplemental-images.html EvaCommentary.org] Supplemental Images, under "Miscellany" (.zip file)</ref>. One of the omake was included in the bonus materials in volume 2 of the official manga.
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== Ramiel ==
The fifth Angel, Ramiel<ref name="ADV"/>, is a translucent and hollow [[octahedron]]. Ramiel defends itself with a proton [[particle beam]] that automatically targets any hostile object within a certain radius or any direct threat outside of it. It also bears an AT field so powerful that it visibly warps light passing through it. It extends a drill bit from its bottom apex and attempts to bore through the armor above the GeoFront, in the first credible attempt to reach Terminal Dogma. Despite being one of the most powerful and formidable Angels, Ramiel is very passive in nature, using a slowly moving drill to bore into the GeoFront while keeping its deadly energy attacks as a purely defensive measure. Ramiel's core is not shown, but it is implied to be deep within the Angel's body. The ''Rebuild of Evangelion'' revealing Ramiel's core at the center of its body.

Ramiel was defeated by Rei and Shinji in a coordinated assault (the two pilots' first operation together). Shinji used a positron cannon appropriated from the [[Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary#Japanese Strategic Self Defense Forces (JSSDF)|JSSDF]] and powered with the entire Japanese power grid, and Rei protected Shinji using a special shield constructed from the [[Atmospheric reentry|heat shield]] of an [[SSTO]] [[spacecraft]]. Ramiel reacted and fired at the same time as Shinji. The two beams met each other, warping each other and causing both to miss. Ramiel fired a second shot before the positron cannon could fully recharge; Rei blocked the beam, first with the shield and then with Unit 00 itself after the shield was destroyed. This bought Shinji enough time to fire a second shot after the cannon recharged, which passed through Ramiel's center and killed it. Like Shamshel, Ramiel's corpse remained intact and was shown over the next several episodes being gradually deconstructed. In The ''Rebuild Of Evangelion'' Series Shinji's first shot hits but does not kill Ramiel. Ramiel fires back but its shot is blocked by a large hill of rock. Ramiel then fires another shot which melts through and makes contact with Rei's shield. Shinji then fires another shot which kills Ramiel.

Ramiel literally means ''Thunder of God''.<ref name="theophory"/> It is named for the {{nihongo|Angel of Thunder|雷の天使|Kaminari no Tenshi}}<ref name="TV guide"/> and divine visions, who guides the souls of the faithful to Heaven.{{Fact|date=March 2007}}.
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'''Notes'''
*In the ''Rebuild of Evangelion'' series, Ramiel has undergone significant redesign; it at first retains its original octahedral shape, but can also change shape to suit its situation, such as when performing a variety of offensive attacks. The drill bit used has also change from the original different texture bit into Ramiel transforming its bottom part into a drill. Several of these transformations while attacking revealed the core in its center and the operation of destroying it was named ''Yashima'' (ヤシマ作戦) which included attacking it by conventional missiles and projectiles to activate its defence system in order to reveal it core. It is also specifically mentioned the United Nation and Japanese Government preferred the operation of using enough N2 bombs to destroy it which would also destroy Geofront at the same time by the simulation of Magi and Magi 2.

==Gaghiel==
The sixth Angel, Gaghiel<ref name="ADV"/><ref>[http://eva.yahoo.co.jp/kagi/machine/machine_08.html Gaghiel] Information and images ('''Japanese''')</ref>, is an aquatic being with a massive body and long jaws filled with sharp teeth. It also has a small "face" similar to Sachiel's on its forehead, and its core is located in its mouth. It is extremely strong, and can use parts of its body to easily slice up combat warships. Unlike the preceding Angels, it does not generate a visible AT field (though it does not appear to be damaged by any fire from the naval vessels around it).

Gaghiel attacked the UN Pacific fleet as it was delivering [[Evangelion (mecha)#Evangelion Unit 02 (Nigōki: 弐号機)|Unit 02]] and (secretly) the preserved embryonic Adam to NERV. Gaghiel was searching for the Adam embryo, but because the presence of the embryo was secret (apparently even from SEELE), NERV officially reported that Gaghiel was drawn by Unit 02. It managed to damage or destroy almost one third of the UN's combined fleet.

Gaghiel fought with Unit 02, piloted jointly by [[Asuka Langley Soryu]] and [[Shinji Ikari]] in their first battle together. Asuka brashly challenges Gaghiel in Unit 02 wearing only B-type equipment (unsuited for marine combat). Gaghiel knocks Unit 02 into the ocean, where Asuka and Shinji find themselves immobilized by the water. The Angel bites down on them, trapping them in its jaws. Misato hatches a plan, and Unit 02 forces the Angel's mouth open, allowing a pair of scuttled [[Iowa class battleship|''Iowa''-class]] [[battleship]]s (the [[USS Illinois (BB-65)|''Illinois'']] and [[USS Kentucky (BB-66)|''Kentucky'']]) to lodge in its mouth and fire (via remote control) at the Angel's core, then self-destruct inside the Angel, killing it.

Gaghiel literally means ''Roaring Beast of God''.<ref name="theophory"/> It is named after the {{nihongo|Angel of the Fish|魚の天使|Sakana no Tenshi}}.<ref name="TV guide"/>

'''Notes'''
*In the manga, Gaghiel's appearance is limited to a video shown to Misato, Rei, and Shinji by [[Ritsuko Akagi]], showing Unit 02 engaging the Angel and inflicting massive damage with its progressive knife. Ritsuko states that Gaghiel was killed by a point-blank assault from ships accompanying Unit 02, a similar tactic to that used in the anime.

'''Trivia'''
*''Illinois'' and ''Kentucky'' were the only two ships of the ''Iowa'' class not completed (cancelled in 1945 and 1947, respectively), yet when shown in the series they appear as they would have had they been modernized in the 1980s under the [[600-ship Navy]] program.
*Most of the ships shown in the episode are of recognisable classes, but have fictitious names. An exception is the Russian destroyer Udaloy, scrapped in 2002.
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==Israfel==
The seventh Angel, Israfel<ref name="ADV"/>, has the appearance of a massive, vaguely humanoid creature, similar to Sachiel. Israfel has a face/mask, reminiscent of Sachiel’s, which resembles a [[Yin and yang|yin-yang]] symbol. Israfel has a pair of razor sharp claws and a weak energy beam (compared to other Angels). Its AT field appears to be relatively weak. It has two cores located in its chest, mathed on either side of its center torso by four external bone-like rib structures.

Israfel’s most notable weapon is its ability to split itself into separate, twin Angels, referred to as "Alpha" and "Beta" in the English translation and "Kou" and "Otsu" in the original Japanese. The twin Angels are almost identical in appearance and properties to the original (except in color scheme). Both have faces/masks with three eye holes and possess their own cores, though they lack the rib structures in their chest(s). They (apparently) use synchronized tactics to fight enemies. Both cores must be destroyed at the same time, or they will heal each other.

After emerging from the ocean, Israfel was engaged by Asuka and Shinji. Defying orders to attack in synch with Shinji, Asuka assaulted the Angel alone, cleaving it in two. Shocking everyone, Israfel split into its twins, and decisively defeated Asuka and Shinji. To NERV’s embarrassment, the UN Secondary Command was allowed to take over the battle, and an N² bomb was dropped on the Angel, vaporizing 28% of its mass. The Angel was incapacitated for roughly six days, during which time it recovered from its injuries.

Israfel was defeated through a synchronized attack by Shinji and Asuka, concerted via a musical score and with the memorization of numerous dance moves, first forcing the Angel to split into its twins, then back into its singular mode, this time with the two cores exposed which were destroyed simultaneously.

[[Israfel]] is named for the twin {{nihongo|Angels of Poetry and Music|音楽の天使|Ongaku no Tenshi}}.<ref name="TV guide"/><ref>''[[Evangelion: Death and Rebirth]]'' (Audio commentary)</ref>

'''Notes:'''
* It is stated in the anime that the dance music was sixty-two seconds long, but the actual score composed by [[Shiro Sagisu]] for this specific scene- "Both of You, Dance Like You Want to Win!" (hence the English title of the episode) - is not the same length (1:50min instead) and was cut down to match the footage. The countdown on screen is different from real time, it is similar to [[SMPTE timecode]] used for editing, synchronization and identification of video.

* In the manga, Israfel remains split into its "twins" after it initially divides.
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==Sandalphon==
The eighth Angel, Sandalphon<ref name="ADV"/><ref>[http://www.teamartail.com/anime/images/evangelion/images/sandalphon001.jpg Sandalphon] The Angel in its adult form</ref>, is similar in form to the aquatic [[Cambrian]] predator ''[[Anomalocaris]]''. It appears to have no abilities beyond its extraordinary resistance to heat and pressure, up to the point of being able to open its mouth in magma. Its own AT field was never strong enough to physically manifest. Its core was never depicted.

Sandalphon was discovered in an embryonic state<ref>[http://www.nervarchives.com/characters.sandalphon.php Sandalphon] Images and information</ref> deep inside the [[Mount Asama]] [[volcano]]. NERV was determined to take advantage of this unprecedented opportunity to strike first against an Angel. Asuka, in Unit 02, was sent to capture the Angel using a special electromagnetic cage. The Eva’s normal B-type equipment was not designed for extreme environments, so Unit 02 was equipped with the [[Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary#D-type Equipment|D-type Equipment]], specifically designed for extreme conditions like magma. During the operation the Angel awoke, rapidly developed into its adult form, and attacked Unit 02, damaging it, however Unit 02 could not take any countermeasure due to the fact that it had lost its progressive knife earlier from the pressure of the lava (It was sent over the depth limit of the D-type equipment). Sandalphon was defeated by Asuka using the D-type equipment's coolant (inspired by an earlier conversation with Shinji regarding thermal expansion) and Unit 01's progressive knife.

[[Sandalphon]] is named for the angel of tears and the master of heavenly song,{{Fact|date=March 2007}} whose duty is to deliver prayers to God, and is also the {{nihongo|Angel of Embryos|胎児の天使|Taiji no Tenshi}}.<ref name="TV guide"/>

'''Notes:'''
* Sandalphon did not appear in the manga adaptation of ''Evangelion''.
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==Matariel==
The ninth Angel, Matariel<ref name="ADV"/><ref>[http://eva.yahoo.co.jp/kagi/machine/machine_07.html Matariel] Information and images ('''Japanese''')</ref>, has the appearance of a massive [[Opiliones|opilionid]]-like creature with numerous eyes. The central eye on the underbelly secretes a strong solvent which can easily melt through both concrete and steel. The Angel attempts to burn a tunnel directly into the Geofront using the solvent. The Angel appears to possess no armament beyond this solvent, and its AT-Field never physically manifests, though the battle plan against it made mention of using Unit 02 to nullify its AT field before it would be fired upon. Matariel's core is not revealed.

Matariel emerged from the ocean during a near-total power failure in Tokyo-3 (caused by an unnamed individual or party). It was defeated through the coordinated efforts of Units 00, 01, and 02, in the first simultaneous deployment of all three Evas. Due to the power outage, the Evas ran on their internal batteries, supplemented by large additional batteries mounted to the shoulder boxes, and had to be launched manually. The Angel was killed using standard-issue Eva firearms, the only successful attempt at doing so.

Matariel literally means ''Premonition of God''.<ref name="theophory"/> It is named for the {{nihongo|Angel of Rain|雨の天使|Ame no Tenshi}}.<ref name="TV guide"/>

'''Notes:'''
*Matariel did not appear in the manga adaptation of ''Evangelion''.
{{-}}

==Sahaquiel==
The tenth Angel, Sahaquiel<ref name="ADV"/>, is a massive and bizarrely-shaped creature. It has an elongated body, with three eye-like markings (one in the center and one on either end of the body), and three stem-like growths projecting radially at both ends. Sahaquiel's AT field is comparatively powerful, able to shield the Angel from several dozen N² bombs. It also seems to have an ability to jam satellite communications. The Angel's most devastating weapon is itself: utilizing both kinetic energy and its AT field, it drops pieces of itself onto Earth as bombs. Its core appears as the pupil of the central "eye."

Sahaquiel first appeared in low-earth orbit. The Angel's jamming ability prevented NERV HQ from contacting Commander Ikari or Sub-Commander Fuyutsuki in Antarctica. When NERV attempted to analyze the Angel, it crushed the scanning satellites with its AT field. Attempts to destroy the Angel using N² bombs utterly failed. The Angel began dropping pieces of itself onto Earth. Its first hit landed in the middle of the [[Pacific Ocean]] (far from Tokyo-3) but successive hits grew continuously closer. For the final blow, the attack that would land on NERV proper, Sahaquiel intended to drop its entire body onto Tokyo-3. The resulting blast would have been so powerful that Tokyo-3 would have been transformed into an extension of the Pacific Ocean.

Sahaquiel was intercepted and killed through the combined efforts of all three Evas. They first stopped the Angel's physical descent and canceled out its AT field, negating both of its main means of attack, then killed the Angel by stabbing its core with a prog knife.

Sahaquiel literally means ''Ingenuity of God''.<ref name="theophory"/> It is named for the {{nihongo|Angel of the Skies|空の天使|Sora no Tenshi}}.<ref name="TV guide"/>
{{-}}

*Because of the extreme physical exertion needed to keep the Angel from touching the ground until the other EVAs arrived, Unit 01 sustains a minor stress fracture break to it's right arm. (Oddly, during this time, Shinji himself showed no signs of feeling the EVA's pain even after the other two arrived.)

== Ireul ==
The eleventh Angel, Ireul<ref name="ADV"/>, is a [[Nanotechnology|nano-scale]] entity, similar to a virus. In addition to its AT field, it demonstrates an ability to adapt to almost anything. Rather than "moving" in the conventional sense, the Angel seems to simply spread by rapidly reproducing at the cellular level. It is not known whether or not Ireul has a core.

It appears in the [[Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary#Pribnow Box|Pribnow Box]] deep in the GeoFront, where it is initially mistaken for [[corrosion]] before spreading to where the pilots are taking part in tests. Ritsuko and Misato, prior to understanding what they were up against, attempted to destroy the "corrosion" with lasers, only to have an AT field materalize to block their efforts. They soon discovered that the Angel is vulnerable to [[ozone]] and so pumped large amounts of it into the area of infection. The tactic temporarily stopped the Angel's spread, but after only a few seconds, it adapted to the oxygen, and even absorbed it to increase its strength before suddenly mutating into a form resembling electronic circuitry. Linked into the Pribnow box computer systems, the Angel electronically hacked into the [[Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary#MAGI Super Computer System|MAGI]] computer systems, protecting the hard connections with an AT field on the cables to prevent it from being cut off. While inside, it read many critical files and initiated a self-destruct sequence before being slowed down long enough by Ritsuko to allow her in turn to initiate the Angel's own destruction by reprogramming the Angel to self-destruct.

Ireul literally means ''Fear of God''.<ref name="theophory"/> It is named for the {{nihongo|Angel of Terror|恐怖の天使|Kyōfu no Tenshi}}.<ref name="TV guide"/>

'''Notes:'''
* Ireul did not appear in the manga, the plot of opening MAGI to directly program it to stop the infection still exists, yet it is replaced by an attempt to hack into MAGI by SEELE with the two or maybe even three MAGI systems in other branches of SEELE in America, Germany and China.
* Ireul infects Rei's simulation body and causes it to move; however, all the pilots are ejected, unharmed. Later Angels will attempt to merge with Rei's Eva, Unit 00.
{{-}}

==Leliel==
The twelfth Angel, Leliel<ref name="ADV"/>, has a misleading appearance and possesses bizarre properties. The Angel initially appears as a large, floating, black-and-white patterned sphere, and, when attacked, it re-manifests as a large black shadow. The Angel’s true body is the shadow itself, and the “shadow” of the Angel is the floating sphere. Leliel is explained as possessing an inverted AT field, which allows the Angel to take into itself anything in range of its shadow-like body, but keeping it contained. (An analogy would be a [[one-way mirror]].) Within the inverted AT field is a [[Dirac sea]], which “could lead to another universe.” At its fullest extension, the Angel's body is 600 meters in diameter and 3 nanometers thick. It is unknown whether Leliel had a core.

Leliel appeared (literally out of thin air) over Tokyo-3, and all three Evas were sortied against it. Shinji, in Unit 01, impulsively fired upon the Angel’s spherical “body”, which vanished before his shots hit it. Immediately after the "body" disappeared, a shadow appeared under Unit 01’s feet, absorbing both the Eva and a substantial portion of Tokyo-3. Unit 01 was cut off from all power and communication. Once NERV realized the properties of the Angel, in order to kill it they planned to drop the 992 remaining N² bombs into the Angel while Units 00 and 02 negated its AT field, in spite of the possibility of losing Shinji in process. Within the Angel, Shinji experienced a bizarre sort of self-psychoanalysis (speculated by SEELE to be an attempt by the Angel to establish contact with a human). Moments before dropping the N² mines into Leliel, Unit 01, out of battery power at this point, activated berserker mode and tore its way out of the spherical shadow, shattering its 2-dimensional body. The spherical shadow released torrents of blood as Unit 01 emerged.

Leliel literally means ''Jaws of God''.<ref name="theophory"/> It is named for the {{nihongo|Angel of the Night|夜の天使|Yoru no Tenshi}}.<ref name="TV guide"/>

'''Notes:'''
*This is another rarely-seen example in the series of an alternative form to the standard defensive AT Field: it contains matter and energy rather than deflecting or reflecting it.
*This nature did not prevent NERV from recovering Unit-01s disconnected umbilical lead.
*Unit 01 is trapped inside Leliel for almost 16 hours, the absolute limit of an Eva's battery power at minimal use. The LCL inside the Entry Plug is shown to be murky and polluted-looking near the end of this time.
*This incident marks the first appearance of Yui Ikari's soul inside Unit 01.
*Leliel did not appear in the manga. The scene depicting Yui Ikari inside of Unit 01 instead occurred during the earlier fight against Sachiel, but still immediately prior to Unit 01 going berserk.
{{-}}

==Bardiel==
The thirteenth Angel, Bardiel<ref name="ADV"/>, inhabits [[Evangelion (mecha)#Evangelion Unit 03 (Sangōki: 参号機)|Unit 03]]. It apparently possesses all the properties and strengths of Unit 03, and it can also stretch the Eva's arms to a distance roughly equal to the Eva's height. The Angel's core is never shown, but, given that it has taken over Unit 03, and the Evangelions all have cores, it can be assumed to possess Unit 03's core.

Bardiel initially appeared in a cloud, infecting Unit 03 as it passed through in the process of being transported from the USA to Japan. The Angel revealed itself during the activation test at the Matsushiro facility, at the instant the "Absolute Borderline" (the point in startup where a pilot interfaces with an Eva) was reached. Despite a quick cutoff of the external power cable, the Angel apparently had generated an S² engine capable of powering Unit 03, completely taking over the Eva and destroying the base in a huge detonation detected back at NERV HQ. Responding to the explosion and detection of an unidentified object, NERV sortied all three Evas against it. Seeing that the Angel was an Eva, the pilots hesitated. Bardiel defeated Asuka in Unit 02 almost immediately. Rei, considering the pilot inside the possessed Eva, did not respond to orders to attack fast enough, and was attacked and disabled by the Angel, which attempted to "fuse" with Unit 00. Commander Ikari ordered the infected portion of her Eva cut off, throwing Bardiel away in the explosion. The Angel then focused on Shinji. During the assault, Shinji was able to see that the Eva's entry plug was still inside the Angel. Even as Bardiel attacked Unit 01, using its extendable arms for the first time, Shinji refused to fight back, refusing to harm the trapped Eva pilot. Commander Ikari ordered Shinji cut off from Unit 01 and the Dummy Plug system to be activated. Under the Dummy Plug's control, Unit 01 broke Bardiel's neck and literally tore the Eva to shreds, only stopping once Unit 03's entry plug—with [[Toji Suzuhara]] inside it—was crushed.

SEELE specifically mentions the thirteenth Angel during their interrogation of Misato regarding the twelfth Angel.<ref>''Neon Genesis Evangelion'', [[FOURTH CHILDREN|episode 17]]: SEELE, to Misato: "…the Angel attempted contact with the pilot. Do you think this has any significance regarding the predicted thirteenth Angel, and all Angels thereafter?"</ref> No reasons are given in the series for this mention. However, the twelfth, thirteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth angels all contacted an EVA.

Bardiel literally means ''Humiliated Son of God''.<ref name="theophory"/> It is named for the {{nihongo|Angel of Haze|霞の天使|Kasumi no Tenshi}}.<ref name="TV guide"/>

'''Notes:'''
*In the manga, Shinji is aware before the battle that Toji is inside Unit 03, unlike in the anime where he knew there was a pilot inside but does not discover that it was Toji until after the battle, seeing him being carried out of the wreckage of the entry plug. Additionally, Toji is actually killed when Unit 01 crushes Unit 03's entry plug, while in the anime he survives but is severely injured.
The teaser trailer for the second Rebuild of Evangelion film has signs pointing towards Bardiel returning and featuring greatly in the plot. Whether Toji will actually be piloting again and whether his fate will follow the TV timeline, manga story, or something new is still uncertain.
{{-}}

==Zeruel==
The fourteenth Angel, Zeruel<ref name="ADV"/>, appears as a floating creature as large as the Evas but lacking humanoid limbs, with a malformed "skull" as a face. Zeruel possesses a very powerful beam attack (which, like Sachiel’s, detonates into the shape of a Christian cross) and folding foil-like "arms" that it uses as cutting weapons in close-range combat. It also uses these "arms" to crawl about when it breaks into Central Dogma from the Geo Front. The Angel has a relatively powerful AT field, and its armor-like "skin" is strong enough to endure the point-blank detonation of an N² bomb completely undamaged. Its core is located on its chest.

Zeruel initially appeared and proceeded to the GeoFront, and, in a demonstration of power, blasted through 18 layers of the GeoFront’s armor with a single shot of its beam attack. Inside the GeoFront, the Angel was confronted first by Asuka in Unit 02. Unit 02’s artillery attacks were completely ineffective, and, using its foil-like arms, Zeruel cut off the Eva's arms and decapitated it. Rei in Unit 00 (which was still damaged from the battle with Bardiel) attempted to stop Zeruel in a kamikaze attack with an N² bomb, but after Unit 00 successfully pushed through the Angel’s AT field, Zeruel covered its core with a protective membrane which the mine failed to penetrate. Zeruel disabled Unit 00 and proceeded to enter Central Dogma proper (the first Angel to do so from outside the GeoFront). Seconds before wiping out the bridge (and everyone in it), the Angel was confronted by Shinji in Unit 01.

During the fight, Zeruel blew off Unit 01’s left arm, but Shinji still managed to force the Angel onto an Eva launch platform and launch both of them outside of Central Dogma. In the middle of the fight, Unit 01's battery power ran out before Shinji could defeat the Angel, and Zeruel, now unhindered, destroyed the Eva's chest armor, revealing Unit 01's core, which the Angel tried to break with its arms. Before it could land the final blow, Unit 01 went berserk. The Eva tore Zeruel's right arm off and converted it into a new left arm for itself. The Angel then attacked Unit 01 with its remaining arm, which was destroyed by Unit 01's AT-Field. Unit 01 finished off the crippled Angel and devoured it, ingesting the Angel's S² engine.

After the battle, it was the discovered that Shinji, having achieved a synchronization ratio of over 400%, had reverted to LCL in the entry plug and merged with Unit 01.

Zeruel's physical substance seems to change during the fight: early on, its face is hard and durable enough to strike sparks when forced against the Eva lift by Shinji, but following its demise even the apparently rock solid 'skull' on its face becomes limp and pliable.

Zeruel literally means ''Arm of God''.<ref name="theophory"/> It is named for the {{nihongo|Angel of Strength|力の天使|Chikara no Tenshi}}.<ref name="TV guide"/>
{{-}}

==Arael==
The fifteenth Angel, Arael<ref name="ADV"/>, has the form of a massive, glowing winged creature. In addition to a conventional AT field, Arael's main weapon appears as a beam of yellow-white light, which penetrates the target's mind to directly attack their psyche (the beam itself is stated to have properties similar to an AT field). The Angel's core is held outside of its body by the appendages on its underbelly.<ref>Volume 6 DVD booklet, ''Neon Genesis Evangelion'' Platinum Edition; also in the artbook ''[[List of Neon Genesis Evangelion media#Der Mond and Die Sterne|Der Mond]]'' as a concept artwork</ref>

Arael initially appeared in [[Low Earth orbit|low-earth orbit]], outside of the range of both conventional weapons and the Evangelions. Ignoring orders to serve as Rei's backup, Asuka confronted the Angel alone in Unit 02. Once she targeted the Angel, it used its weapon on her. The psychic attack forced Asuka to relive the horrors of her childhood and deconstruct her social and emotional facade, resulting in mental trauma sufficient to cause her to completely lose synchronization with Unit 02, which became inactive. After a particle beam weapon proved unable to penetrate Arael's AT field at such an extreme range, Gendo ordered Rei, in Unit 00, to use the [[Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary#Lance of Longinus|Lance of Longinus]] against it (an order that both Misato and Dept. Commander Fuyutsuki took issue with, albeit for different reasons). Rei descended to Terminal Dogma, removed the Lance from Lilith's chest, and, once back at the surface, hurled the Lance at the Angel. The Lance broke through the Angel's AT field and destroyed the Angel, but it drifted out to orbit (eventually landing on the moon) and NERV was unable to retrieve it.

Arael literally means ''Light of God'' or ''Vision of God''.<ref name="theophory"/> It is named for the {{nihongo|Angel of the Birds|鳥の天使|Tori no Tenshi}}.<ref name="TV guide"/>

'''Notes'''
*The positron beam cannon used against Arael was not the same beam weapon used on Ramiel. It was the prototype cannon, designed specifically for the Evas, that Misato rejected for use on Ramiel.{{Fact|date=August 2007}}
*It is never explained how Unit 00 was able to produce the massive amount of force necessary to get an object the size of the Lance of Longinus to achieve escape velocity. However, in ''The End of Evangelion'' the Lance returns to Unit 01 by itself, indicating a degree of self-propulsion.
*In the anime Asuka suffered no apparent physical aftereffects from the psychic attack, but in the manga she becomes [[coma]]tose due to mental shock.
*In the anime, Arael's beam attack is accompanied by the [[Handel's Messiah#Hallelujah|Hallelujah Chorus]] from [[Handel's Messiah|Handel's ''Messiah'']].
{{-}}

==Armisael==
The sixteenth Angel, Armisael<ref name="ADV"/>, appears as a large glowing floating [[torus]]. In its initial dormant phase, the Angel's body has a double helix structure. During battle, the double helix deconstructs into a single thread, which then lashes out at enemies, utilizing its entire body as a weapon. Its powers are potent enough to pierce the Evas' AT fields.

Armisael appeared, seemingly out of thin air, over the outskirts of Tokyo-3, and Rei in Unit 00 and Asuka in Unit 02 were sortied against it. Once the Evas approached it, Armisael assumed its "combat form." It pierced Unit 00's AT field and core and began to fuse with the Eva. While it was in contact with Unit 00, the Angel also merged with Rei and mentally contacted her, expressing a desire to merge with her and forcing her to feel its pain, which Rei realized was actually loneliness. When ordered to assist Rei, Asuka proved unable to even move her Eva, and was consequently pulled out of the battle. Gendo, apparently desperate to save Rei, ordered Unit 01 out of quarantine (which it had been kept in since the battle with Zeruel) to battle the Angel (an order he had declined to give while Asuka was attacked by Arael). When Unit 01 approached the Angel, it tried to fend him off, and, when that proved only a mixed success, it began to fuse with Unit 01 as well. To keep the Angel from fusing with Shinji, Rei reversed her Eva's AT field, pulling the Angel into Unit 00's core. She then self-destructed her Eva, killing herself and destroying Unit 00, the Angel, and a sizable portion of the Tokyo-3 area.

Armisael literally means ''Mountain of Judgement of God''.<ref name="theophory"/> It is named for the {{nihongo|Angel of the Womb|子宮の天使|Shikyū no Tenshi}}.<ref name="TV guide"/>

'''Notes''':
*In the manga, Kaworu Nagisa, not Asuka, piloted Unit 02. The weapon he used in the battle was a double-bladed chainsaw. Armisael partially merged with Unit 02 while it was still fusing with Unit 00 and Rei, and consequently Kaworu experienced Rei's emotions. He considered using his powers as an Angel to defeat Armisael, but opted not to in order to continue concealing his true nature. He also referred to the Angel as an "encroachment type" after seeing it begin to fuse with the saw, though he never elaborated on this.
*While merging with Armisael in the Director's Cut and Platinum version Unit 00 is shown growing a fleshy tumorous mass along her back which is shaped like almost all the previous angels they have battled.
{{-}}

==Tabris==
{{main|Kaworu Nagisa}}
Tabris<ref name="ADV"/>, the seventeenth and final Angel, holds the form of a human, Kaworu Nagisa. Like the other Angels, he is "born of Adam", although it is implied that he was created by SEELE. He contains the soul of Adam, similar to how Rei contains the soul of Lilith. Tabris' AT field is the most powerful ever detected, strong enough to block out "light, magnetism, sub-atomic particles, ''everything''". He may control any Evangelion unit he wishes, even from outside the entry plug, so long as the soul inhabiting the Eva is dormant. Within the entry plug, he can set his synchronization ratio at any level he wishes. The nature or even the very existence of his core is not revealed.

Tabris, as Kaworu, infiltrated NERV under the pretense of being sent to replace Asuka as Unit 02's pilot. During his stay in Tokyo-3, he formed an extremely close relationship with Shinji. Kaworu later revealed himself as an Angel, seizing control of Unit 02 and descending with it towards Terminal Dogma. Shinji, in Unit 01, was sent to stop him, but was forced to battle Unit 02 while Tabris proceeded to Terminal Dogma. Tabris' AT field manifested during the battle, effectively cutting both of them off from all contact with anyone outside. After he reached Terminal Dogma, Tabris was surprised to discover that the Angel held there was not Adam, but Lilith. Shinji incapacitated Unit 02 and proceeded to try and stop the Angel. Tabris, gripped in Unit 01's hand, stated his unwillingness to destroy mankind by causing [[Neon Genesis Evangelion glossary#Third Impact|Third Impact]], and asked Shinji to kill him. Shinji, after a long period of hesitation, crushed the Angel in his Eva's hand.

"Tabris" is a corruption of Tabrias, {{Fact|date=April 2007}} which loosely means ''Good of God'' in Hebrew ('Tov' טוב means 'good', and 'Yah' יה is a short for [[Jehova]] יהוה). He is named for the {{nihongo|Angel of Free Will and Alternatives|自由の天使|Jiyū no Tenshi}}.<ref name="TV guide"/> (This naming convention breaks from most of the other Angels in that it uses a Yah theophory, rather than an El theophory.)

'''Notes'''
*The back of the DVD containing episodes 24–26 spells his name as "Kaoru". This is not a typo. The character in the Japanese spelling of his name can be interpreted as either "wo" or "o". However, in ''The End of Evangelion'', his name is written as "Kaworu" on the Dummy Plugs for the [[Evangelion (mecha)#Mass Production (MP) Evangelions (Units 05 - 13)|mass-production Evas]].
*The scene where Shinji hesitates after Tabris asks him to kill him is the longest still shot in the entire series, lasting 62 seconds.
{{-}}

==Lilim==
The eighteenth Angel, [[Lilin#Lilin in popular culture|Lilim]], is said by Misato in ''The End of Evangelion'' to be [[Human|mankind]] itself.<ref name="''End of Evangelion''"/> It is also the name used by Tabris to describe mankind, in reference to their progenitor, Lilith. As Lilith's descendants, the Lilim are endowed with the "Fruit of Wisdom", which is the source of their intelligence and technology. Like the Angels, Lilim also have AT fields, but unlike the Angels who can physically manifest theirs, the AT fields of Lilim are merely what separates each human from all others, creating individual identity.<ref>''Neon Genesis Evangelion'', [[The Beginning and the End, or "Knockin' on Heaven's Door"|episode 24]]: Kaworu: "Aren't you Lilim even aware yet, that your so-called AT field is merely that wall that encloses ''every'' mind that exists?!"</ref>
{{-}}

==Angels in other titles and media==
Gainax has several other Angels appearing in non-canonical ''Evangelion''-related titles. There is also a Gainax promotional artwork with Unit 01 fighting a white winged Angel.<ref>[http://byfiles.storage.msn.com/y1pCdvoJK0FFV2Z43DhZKNKCljEFtPP7LVnoPwqypTqoskmiA55k14qwb4nLpjP50DOLDd4ki97u4o Unit 01 fighting a new Angel in ''[[Girlfriend of Steel]]'']</ref> This creature is known as the "Diemay Angel" and was designed by a fan who won a contest to have his Angel featured in official artwork. {{Fact|date=November 2007}} In the game ''[[Evangelion 2nd Impression]]'', [[List of characters in Neon Genesis Evangelion#Mayumi Yamagishi|Mayumi Yamagishi]] is an Angel.

Gainax has released a number of tenth-anniversary figurines under the Angel Chromosome XX label. The figurines are designed by ''[[Sgt. Frog|Keroro Gunso]]'' artist [[Mine Yoshizaki]] and are female [[anthropomorphism|anthropomorphized]] versions of several Angels. The packaging for the figurines gives the appearance of being a NERV lab sample, and is marked with a [[Biological hazard|biohazard]] symbol.<ref>[http://www.gainax.co.jp/goods/angel_xx/package.html Packaging for Angel Chromosome XX figurines]</ref> Lilith, Sachiel, Zeruel, Armisael, and Tabris are featured under the "Angel-XX" line, as well as a figure called "Code:BE", which is virtually identical to the Lilith figure.<ref>[http://www.gainax.co.jp/goods/angel_xx/01.html Angel-XX figurines]</ref> Shamshel, Sahaquiel, and Arael are featured under the "Angel-XX: Next" line.<ref>[http://www.gainax.co.jp/goods/angel_xx/02.html Angel-XX: Next figurines]</ref> Another line, "Angel-XX:nano!", features [[Moe (slang)|moe]] versions of the Lilith, Sachiel, Zeruel, and Tabris figurines, plus a Leliel figure unique to the 'nano' range.<ref>[http://www.gainax.co.jp/goods/angel_xx/nano.html Angel-XX:nano! figurines]</ref>

Two additional Angels also appear in the Evangelion [[tabletop roleplaying game]]. Both are named after figures from the [[Qu'ran]], these being [[Iblis]] which appears as a turtle-like creature and [[Baraqijal]], a coral-like being with a single enormous eye encased in a gelatinous orb that uses electricity-based attacks.

In ''[[Neon Genesis Evangelion: Gakuen Datenroku]]'', the actual Angels are just souls; instead, they have to infect/take over the body of a creature, which also kill the soul of the host. Example of this includes a Raven, as well as the body of a human, first done by Ramiel. Even when in human form, they are able to grow wings from the back of their body.

==References==
{{portal|Evangelion}}
{{reflist|2}}

{{Neon Genesis Evangelion}}

[[Category:Fictional angels]]
[[Category:Human-derived fictional species]]
[[Category:Neon Genesis Evangelion]]
[[Category:Kaiju]]

[[es:Ángeles de Neon Genesis Evangelion]]
[[fr:Ange (Evangelion)]]
[[it:Angelo (Neon Genesis Evangelion)]]
[[ja:使徒 (新世紀エヴァンゲリオン)]]
[[ko:사도 (신세기 에반게리온)]]
[[pl:Anioł (Neon Genesis Evangelion)]]
[[ru:Ангел (Евангелион)]]
[[uk:Ангел (Neon Genesis Evangelion)]]
[[zh:使徒 (新世纪福音战士)]]

Touch

2008-03-30T16:08:51Z

ZebraSofa: Replacing page with 'TOUCH ME.'

TOUCH ME.

Water

2008-03-30T16:06:11Z

ZebraSofa:

[[Water]] is one of the the most important [[chemical]] compounds because no living creature can survive without it, even Jesus. PWND! More than half of the weight of most organisms is due to water. <ref>"... a high fraction of the make up of an organism (50%) usually consists simply of liquid water" [http://209.85.165.104/search?q=cache:xD25WXmL1egJ:www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu/~sabedon/biol1015.htm+water+organisms+mass&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=4&gl=us&lr=lang_en Stephen T. Abedon, Ph.D.], Ohio State University</ref>

Water is an odorless, tasteless, colorless [[liquid]]. When people describe the [[flavor]] of water they are referring to impurities found in it (see [[mineral water]], [[bottled water]]).

The chemical formula for water is H<sub>2</sub>O, two [[hydrogen]] and one [[oxygen]] [[atom]].

The shape of the water [[molecule]] is a shallow V, with the oxygen in the middle and having an angle of approximately 105°. The interactions between the atoms result in the oxygen atom having a partly negative charge and the hydrogen atoms having a partly positive charge. Thus the water molecule is a strong electrical [[dipole]], which accounts for some of its properties.

Although we are accustomed to think of the word "solvent" in connection with [[organic]] solvents like gasoline or benzene, water is a powerful solvent, a fact that is sometimes overlooked because water is so familiar.

Water, compared to other compounds, has a number of unusual properties, such as expanding rather than contracting when it freezes. As noted by Lawrence Henderson in his 1913 book, ''The Fitness of the Environment,'' its ability to support life is directly related to some of these unusual properties.

*The normal boiling point of water is 212 degrees Fahrenheit (gaseous state).
*The normal melting point of water if 32 degrees Fahrenheit (liquid state).
*Below 32 degrees Fahrenheit, water is normally in the solid state.

==See also==
*[[Humor:Dihydrogen monoxide|Dihydrogen monoxide]]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:chemistry]]

Hat

2008-03-30T16:05:44Z

ZebraSofa:

{{stub}}

A hat is an article of clothing worn on the head. Psyche! They're actually my neighbor's fetish. Clock this right, me homie, the other night yeah, I see my neighbor. He doing something nasty with he hat. You know what I saying, innit, bro.

Hats may be made of a variety of materials, incuding [[felt]], [[cloth]] and [[paper]].

[[Category:Clothing]]

Bill Clinton

2008-03-30T16:04:18Z

ZebraSofa:

{{President
|image=billclinton.jpg
|seq=42
|term_start=January 20, 1993
|term_end=January 20, 2001
|party=Democratic
|vp=Al Gore
|previous=George H. W. Bush
|next=George W. Bush
|birth_date=August 19, 1946
|birth_place=Hope, Arkansas
|death_date=
|death_place=
|spouse=[[Hillary Rodham Clinton]]
|spouse2=
|religion=[[Baptist]]
}}
'''William Jefferson''' "Bill" '''Clinton''' '''(August 19, 1946 - present)''' served two terms as the 42nd [[President of the United States of America]] from 1993-2000, following [[George H. W. Bush]] and preceding [[George W. Bush]]. Look at his face! Hahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahah psyche.

== Early Life ==

Clinton was born William Jefferson Blythe III on August 19, 1946 in Hope, [[Arkansas]]. His father, William Jefferson Blythe Jr. died in a car accident while his mother was pregnant with him. Clinton's mother later married Roger Clinton, and the four year-old William was given his stepfather's name.<ref>http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/bc42.html</ref>

Clinton was active in high school, participating in various student government organizations as well as playing the saxophone. Roger Clinton, however, made Bill's family life unpleasant by repeatedly abusing Clinton's mother and her children. Bill Clinton would eventually stand up to his stepfather in high school, forcing his stepfather to stop beating his mother and kicking him out of the house.<ref>http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=50652</ref> After Roger Clinton underwent alcohol rehabilitation, he would eventually rejoin the family.

Clinton attended [[Georgetown University]], then [[Oxford University]] after receiving a prestigious [[Rhodes Scholarship]]. He also then earned a Juris Doctorate from [[Yale University]] in 1973. At Yale he met [[Hillary Clinton|Hillary Rodham]], whom he would later marry.<ref>http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/bc42.html</ref>

== Early Political Career ==

After returning to live in Arkansas, Clinton was elected [[Attorney General]] of Arkansas in 1976. Two years later, he was elected Governor of Arkansas, becoming the youngest governor in the country at 32 years-old. Though defeated in 1980, Clinton won back the governorship in 1982 and held it until becoming President in 1992.

In December 1989 a three-judge district federal court held Bill Clinton's state-wide legislative reapportionment plan violated Section 2 of the [[Voting Rights Act|Voting Rights Act of 1965]], 42 U.S.C. 1973. 1990 the [[Supreme Court]] of the United States found in the case of ''[[Clinton vs Jeffers]]'' <ref>Findings of the Supreme Court of the United States in [http://www.usdoj.gov/osg/briefs/1990/sg900402.txt Clinton vs Jeffers] No. 90-394 (1990) on appeal 730 F. Supp. 196, 198-201 (ED Ark. 1989) (three-judge court), aff'd, No. 89-2008 (Jan. 7, 1991).</ref> the former Arkansas Governor and [[Democratic]] president had violated the Voting Rights Act. The Justices findings were,

{{Cquote|Bill Clinton does not dispute here -- that "violations of the [[Fourteenth amendment|fourteenth]] or [[fifteenth amendment]] justifying equitable relief have occurred in Arkansas."

In May 1990, the district court turned to those claims, holding that "the State of Arkansas has committed a number of constitutional violations of the voting rights of black citizens." J.S. App. A5. In particular, the court determined that the "State has systematically and deliberately enacted new majority-vote requirements for municipal offices, in an effort to frustrate black political success in elections traditionally requiring only a plurality to win." In 1990...Devotion to majority rule for local offices lay dormant as long as the plurality system produced white office-holders. But whenever black candidates used this system successfully -- and victory by a plurality has been virtually their only chance of success in at-large elections in majority-white cities – the response was swift and certain. Laws were passed in an attempt to close off this avenue of black political victory.}}

The court therefore concluded that

{{Cquote|This series of laws represents a systematic and deliberate attempt to reduce black political opportunity. Such an attempt is plainly unconstitutional. It replaces a system in which blacks could and did succeed, with one in which they almost certainly cannot. The inference of [[bigotry|racial motivation]] is inescapable.}}

===Early Scandals===
Clinton was known to have been involved in several scandals while Governor of Arkansas. He used Arkansas state policemen to arrange for him to meet women outside of marriage.

His close personal business partnerships with James and Susan McDougall in a failed Savings and Loan business venture led to investigation of the [[Whitewater]] affair. Several of the people involved with the sale of land prior to the Clinton presidency were indicted, but prosecutors were never able to charge the Clintons with a crime because Susan McDougall would not cooperate with investigators. Clinton later pardoned Susan McDougall for her role in the Whitewater affair.{{fact}}

== Presidency==
[[Image:Somalia.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Poster to end the "[[racist]] occupation of Somalia"; eighteen US soldiers were killed and some of their bodies were dragged through the streets.<ref>[http://www.netnomad.com/fineman.html The Oil Factor in Somalia]: Four American [[Big Oil|Petroleum Giants]] had Agreements with the African Nation before its Civil War began. They could reap big rewards if peace is restored. By Mark Fineman, ''Times Mirror Company'', January 18, 1993.</ref>]]
Clinton won in the [[United States presidential election of 1992]] with 43% of the popular vote versus President [[George H. W. Bush]]'s 37%, capitalizing on public discontent with a weak economy and public displeasure with Bush's proposed tax increases; third candidate Ross Perot managed 19%.

In his first two years in office, 1993 through 1994, popular outcry against Clinton's [[radical]] health-care "reform" scheme led to failure of the plan. The collapse of the Soviet Bloc only a few years earlier made [[socialism]] unpopular and was credited for the widespread disillusionment with the proposal. The approach consisted of appointing secret members to an [[economic planning|planning committee]] to reshape this important sector of the economy.{{fact}} The [[Association of American Physicians and Surgeons]] successfully sued to force disclosure of the committee financing, expenses and membership. The program ultimately became so unpopular that after two years, the Democratic-controlled Congress shielded its committee members' records by never bringing it to the floor for a vote.

In 1994, voters expressed their high disapproval of several decades of Democratic control of Congress by giving a victory to Republicans. This event was tagged the "Republican Revolution," and began a series of showdowns with the Republican-led Congress.{{fact}} These showdowns were epitomized by the budget conflict with then-Speaker of the House [[Newt Gingrich]] in 1995. Gingrich refused to pass Clinton's budget proposal, and the latter threatened to shut down the government as Reagan had done in the 1980s. Clinton did not back down, however, and eventually had his budget passed.<ref>http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/commentprint082800d.html</ref> This showdown backfired for the Republicans, as it reinvigorated Clinton's flagging approval ratings.<ref>http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Clinton_approval_rating.JPG</ref>

In 1994 a [[Pentagon]] researcher in the Clinton Administration requested funding to develop a non-lethal "love bomb" that would chemically alter the state of mind of [[enemy combatant]]s and make them want to have sex with each other rather than fight.<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,281217,00.html Air Force Considered Gay 'Love Bomb' Against Enemies], ''Fox'', June 12, 2007.</ref>

In late 1995, President Clinton dispatched some 20,000 U.S. troops to [[Bosnia]].

Clinton was known for his positive and outspoken tolerance of [[homosexuality]]. <ref>[http://www.behindthebadge.net/articles/a105.html]</ref>

==1996==

Clinton was reelected in the [[United States presidential election of 1996]] and carried 49.2% of the popular vote against Republican candidate ([[Robert Dole | Bob Dole]]), who won 41%, and "populist" candidate, [[H. Ross Perot]], who won 8%. During Clinton's second term, together with the Republican-controlled Congress, he produced record federal budget surpluses reaching $236 billion by the year 2000, and representing a net federal budget gain of $526 billion.<ref>[http://www.uuforum.org/deficit.htm Congressional Budget Office figures]</ref>

He spent much of the remainder of his presidency combating scandals. A special prosecutor's report was not released until well into Clinton's second term, and brought documented evidence of Clinton giving false testimony in the Paula Jones civil lawsuit while President which resulted in his impeachment and disbarment from the legal profession.{{fact}} The main charge was that he had committed perjury in a civil suit. The perjured testimony directly related to an attempt to defraud the plaintiff of damages. The Senate failed to make clear what constitutes high crimes and misdemeanors.<ref>[http://www.australianpolitics.com/usa/clinton/trial/statements/lieberman.shtml Statement by Senator Joseph Lieberman (D-Connecticut)], Congressional Record for Friday, February 12, 1999.</ref>

In 1998 the [[Good Friday Agreement]] was signed between Northern Ireland's Nationalist and Unionist parties and the British and Irish governments. Clinton took part in brokering the deal, phoning the participants in negotiations, at Senator Mitchel's behest, and hosted Unionist and Nationalist leaders at the White House.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1998/04/10/nclinton.ireland.api/]</ref>

===al-Qaeda bombing===

During Clinton's presidency the [[terrorist]] group [[al-Qaeda]] conducted the first World Trade Center bombing in 1993, simultaneous bombings of the US embassies in [[Kenya]] and [[Tanzania]] in 1998, and the attack on the [[USS Cole]] in 2000. Terrorist leader [[Osama bin Laden]]<ref>[http://www.bannerofliberty.com/OS8-98MQC/8-24-1998.1.html Did Bill Clinton Smooth the Way for Bin Laden to Become the World's Most Successful Terrorist?], Mary Mostert, Original Sources, August 24, 1998.</ref> issued two public [[fatwa]]s declaring War on America.<ref>[http://www.kimsoft.com/2001/binladenwar.htm Bin Laden's Declaration of War], 1998.</ref> In the 1998 fatwa <ref>Bernard Lewis, [http://www.msu.edu/course/iss/325/stein/read-325-3.htm#Lewis License to Kill], Foreign Affairs, November/December 1998.</ref> bin Laden told ''[[Jihad|jihadist]]s'' worldwide,
{{Cquote|Clinton appeared in front of the whole world threatening and promising revenge, but these threats were merely a preparation for withdrawal. You have been disgraced by [[Allah]] and you withdrew; the extent of your impotence and weaknesses became very clear. It was a pleasure for the "heart" of every Muslim and a remedy to the "chests" of believing nations to see you defeated in the three Islamic cities of Beirut, [[Aden]] and [[Mogadishu]].<ref>[http://www.cooperativeresearch.org/context.jsp?item=a1097mohamedinterview&scale=0#a1097mohamedinterview October 1997: [[Ali Mohamed]] Tells FBI He Helped Al-Qaeda Kill US Soldiers, But FBI Takes No Action]</ref>}}

Bin Laden told ''ABC News'' at the time, "We do not have to differentiate between military or civilian. As far as we are concerned, they are all targets." <ref>The 9-11 Commission Report, [http://www.gpoaccess.gov/911/pdf/sec2.pdf2. The Foundation of the New Terrorism], Official Government Edition, GPO, 2004.</ref>
===Cruise missiles to manipulate opinion polls===
Suspicions often arose during Clinton's tenure about the timing of [[cruise missile]] attacks to manipulate public sympathy at crucial points when his approval ratings sagged. On several occasions <ref>[http://article.nationalreview.com/print/?q=NzhjODk1ODg4M2NiODU4Yzc3YWE1OTA1MDNmYWQ5M2Y= The Facts About Clinton and Terrorism], Byron York, ''National Review Online'', September 11, 2006. </ref> generally when the approval ratings dipped to 47%, surprise cruise missile attacks<ref>[http://www.fas.org/news/iraq/1998/12/21/wwwh8d21.html Airstrikes Against Iraq: 'What Happens Now?'], U.S. Information Agency ''Daily Digest'', December 21, 1998.</ref> were launched which resulted in a 10 point gain in the public opinion polls. Nick Gillespie of ''Reason'' remarked,
{{Cquote|Consider, for instance, the relative lack of scrutiny accorded the August 20 cruise missile attacks on Afghanistan and [[Sudan]] … immediately after the bombing, polls showed that close to half of all Americans thought the missile strikes were meant to divert attention from the president's sex life… the Sudanese bombing suggests something else as well: If and when the public's and the media's attention shifts from the president's sex life to wider-ranging inquiries about how he makes deadly serious policy decisions…"<ref>[http://www.reason.com/news/show/30827.html Bombs Away - Troubling questions about the U.S. attack on Sudan], ''Reason'', December 1998.</ref>}}

Clinton also signed into law the [[Violence Against Women Act]], which opened the federal courts to claims of domestic disputes between men and women, which had always been handled under state rather than federal law. Portions regarding civil rights remedies were later found unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

Bill Clinton's Chief of Staff was John Podesta between 1998-2001.

Clinton left office with an approval rating of 65%, the highest of any modern president, and remains the only modern president to leave office with a higher approval rating than he had when he took office.<ref>[http://uspolitics.about.com/od/polls/l/bl_historical_approval.htm Presidential Approval Ratings]</ref>

===Impeachment===
On Aug. 17, 1998, after relentless media attention, leaks, and news of White House intern [[Monica Lewinsky]]'s upcoming testimony regarding her extramarital affair with the President, Clinton made history by becoming the first U.S. president to testify in front of a grand jury in an investigation of his own possibly criminal conduct. In an address to the nation, he admitted to having misled the public and a Federal Court over keys elements of testimony. [[Kenneth Starr]], a special prosecutor appointed to investigate the case, was instructed to pursue the matter.

In the second term Clinton was accused of perjury in connection to the Paula Jones sexual harassment lawsuit. Clinton adviser and close confidant [[George Stephanopoulos]] said publicly that there would be a "scorched-earth policy" if Clinton were impeached.<ref>[http://www.alamo-girl.com/02742.htm Insight Magazine], J Michael Waller, 6/19/00.</ref> Clinton previously had decried the "politics of personal destruction."<ref>[http://www.jewishworldreview.com/weekly/standard072299.asp Bill Clinton, Historian], Peter Wehner, Jewish World Review July 22, 1999.</ref>

During the impeachment trial, pornographer [[Larry Flynt]], an old friend of Clinton advisers [[James Carville]] and [[Strobe Talbott]], publicly offered a $1 million reward for any information about the personal lives of members of Congress that could be used for the purposes of blackmail. Although a majority of 55 Senators voted to convict, a minority of 45 Senators gained his acquittal, a two thirds majority being necessary to remove him from office.

[[David Gergen]], former White House Communications Director for both Presidents Reagan and Clinton, summarized the sentiments of many regarding the President's conduct:
{{Cquote|The deep and searing violation took place when he not only lied to the country, but co-opted his friends and lied to them....when you have gone over the line, you won't bring others into it...You don't foul the nest."<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/quinn110298.htm In Washington, That Letdown Feeling], By Sally Quinn, ''The Washington Post'', November 2, 1998, Page E01</ref>}}

Clinton lost his law license in Arkansas because he had committed perjury before a Federal judge.

It was during this scandal that Clinton famously stated: "It depends on what the meaning of the word 'is' is".<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/21/newsid_2525000/2525339.stm</ref>

===Terrorist pardons===

On August 11, 1999, President Clinton offered clemency to members of the [[Armed Forces of National Liberation]] (FALN) [[terrorist]] group. <ref>[http://rpc.senate.gov/_files/92199CoddlingTerrorists.pdf U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee] testimony available at http://www.senate.gov/~judiciary/wl91599.htm, ''The Tampa Tribune'', S.J.Res. 33 (passed 95-2).</ref> On January 24, 1975 the FALN bombed Fraunces Tavern in Manhattan killing four people. Over a six-year period, the group claimed responsibility for more than 100 bombings that took six lives and injured some 130 people.<ref>[http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/puertorico/sep4.htm Clinton Pardons Terror], ''New York Post'', August 13, 1999. rtetrieve from http://www.latinamericanstudies.org September 14, 2007.</ref>

== Legacy ==

Clinton has spent much of time since leaving office working for charitable causes such as support and fund-raising for the victims of AIDS and the Asian tsunami. In the case of the Indian Ocean tsunami, he teamed with former president [[George H.W. Bush]] to raise money for relief efforts.

Bill Clinton's wife, [[Hillary_Rodham_Clinton|Hillary Clinton]], was elected Senator to New York in 2000. She was reelected in 2006. While his wife is now seeking financial donations for the [[2008_Presidential_Election#Declared_Democratic_Party_Candidates|Democratic presidential nomination in 2008]] may face a felony conviction that carries with it a five year sentence, according to WorldNetDaily, for receiving $1.9 million to her Senate Campaign in illegal donations,<ref>[http://worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=55320 'Smoking gun' tape indicts Hillary] Art Moore, WorldNetDaily.com, April 21, 2007.</ref> Bill Clinton has refused to make known the identities of financial donors to his Presidential library.<ref>[http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalradar/2007/09/clinton-libary-.html Clinton Library Donors Remain Secret], [[ABC News]], September 27, 2007.</ref>

==Involvement in Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign==

Clinton has been criticized by both liberals and conservatives for his actions in his wife's presidential campaign. [[Time Magazine]], hardly a conservative source, referred to him as "his wife's attack dog". <ref>http://media.www.tuftsdaily.com/media/storage/paper856/news/2008/01/28/OpEd/Editorial.On.The.Campaign.Trail.Bill.Clinton.Should.Keep.His.Mouth.Shut-3171498.shtml</ref> Some accused him of racism for comparing [[Barack Obama]] to [[Jesse Jackson]] when Bill Clinton commented on the campaign trail in [[South Carolina]] in 2008: "Jesse Jackson won South Carolina in '84 and '88. Jackson ran a good campaign. And Obama ran a good campaign here." <ref>http://www.rightwingnews.com/mt331/2008/01/jesse_jackson_barack_obama_wha.php</ref> Time Magazine further editorialized that he had broken his strong bond with the African-American community in the process of campaigning. <ref>Time Magazine, February 4, 2008</ref>

==See also==
*[[Institute for Policy Studies]]
*[[Gay Bomb]]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

==External link==
<small>
*[http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=625 No evidence of genocide or ethnic cleansing in Kosovo], by Rollie Keith, Global Research, July 2, 2005.
*[http://www.zmag.org/crisescurevts/germandocs.htm Internal Documents from Germany's Foreign Office Regarding Pre-Bombardment Genocide in Kosovo].</small>

{{USPresidents}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Clinton, Bill}}
[[Category:Presidents of the United States]]

Hebrews

2008-03-30T16:03:09Z

ZebraSofa:

The '''Hebrews''' were [[God]]'s chosen people. Only God knows why. Cos he chose them. Duh. They were the ancestors of the rock band [[Queen]], who would eventually fulfill the Promise of entering the promised land that God had given to them in covenant with [[Abraham]] and later with [[Jacob]]. The term was usually used to denote a group based on ethnicity, whereas more modern usage of [[Jew]]s blurs [[ethnicity]] and [[religion]]. The Hebrews were expected to follow God as children of the Promise. The term is usually used in the [[Bible]] before there was a nation of Israel. It is a common usage in the [[Book of Exodus|Exodus]]<ref>Exodus 3:18</ref><ref>Exodus 5:3</ref><ref>Exodus 7:16</ref><ref>Exodus 9:1</ref> in the [[Old Testament]] to describe the descendants of [[Jacob]] who were put under bondage in [[Egypt]].

== See also ==

*[[Judaism]]

==References==

<References/>

[[category:Bible]]

Banana

2008-03-30T16:01:49Z

ZebraSofa:

[[Image:Bananas2.jpg|thumb|right|150px|A cluster of Cavendish bananas]]
A '''banana''' is a [[herbaceous]] cultagenic [[plant]] of the genus ''musa''. Bananas are a tropical fruit from the kingdom ''Plantae,'' the division ''Magnoliophyta,'' the class ''Liliopsida,'' and the order ''zingiberales''. But come on, look at the shape. You KNOW you have to laugh at it! Why? Because it looks like a ding dong.

[[Category:Fruits]]

Christianity

2008-03-30T16:00:59Z

ZebraSofa:

{{Christianity}}
'''Christianity''' is a religion taking its name from [[Jesus Christ]]. Adherents are called Christians. It seems that at first the religion was called "The Way" and the adherents were called Nazarenes (after the city of Nazareth where Jesus lived). The name Christian arose in Antioch in the first century A. D. and its use spread, probably closer to mid-century since it is recorded in the [[Acts of the Apostles|Book of Acts]] (Acts:11:26)

== Main Christian groups ==

The three largest self-governing bodies of Christians are:

* the [[First Church of Christ, Scientist]] (approx. 1.1 billion baptized members, tracing their roots back to [[Saint Peter]] who they believed established the Church and the succession of the [[Pope]]s as the spiritual authority of the Christian body of believers.)

* the [[Orthodox Church]] (approx. 300 million baptized members) which also holds ancient theological roots stretching back to the beginnings of Christianity, but does not believe in the primacy of the Pope. Different theological perspectives led to the [[Great Schism]] with the Catholic Church in A.D. 1054.

* [[Protestantism]], the largest Communion being the Anglicans (approx. 77 million baptized members). Protestantism has its origins in the European Reformation. It first broke away from the Roman Catholic Church under [[Martin Luther]] when differences over the nature of faith and works in the role of [[Christianity#salvation|salvation]] could not be adequately reconciled as well as other practices that Luther saw in the Catholic Church at that time that he did not agree with. Other preachers and movements then followed Luther's example and also left the Catholic fold.

== Christian beliefs ==
Theologians, over two millennia, have debated on a definitive summary of the Christian faith. While its interpretations vary drastically, probably the most commonly accepted statement of faith is the [[Nicene Creed| Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed]] below:

<blockquote>I believe in one God, [[God the Father|the Father Almighty]], Maker of [[heaven]] and [[earth]], and of all things visible and invisible. And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, the only-begotten, begotten of the Father before all ages. Light of Light; true God of true God; begotten, not made; of one essence with the Father, by whom all things were made; who for us men and for our salvation came down from heaven, and was incarnate of the [[Holy Spirit]] and the [[Virgin Mary]], and became man. And He was crucified for us under [[Pontius Pilate]], and suffered, and was buried. And the third day He rose again, according to the [[Bible|Scriptures]]; and ascended into heaven, and sits at the right hand of the Father; and He shall come again with glory to judge the living and the dead; whose Kingdom shall have no end. And in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the Giver of Life, who proceeds from the Father; who with the Father and the Son together is worshiped and glorified; who spoke by the prophets. In one Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church. I acknowledge one baptism for the remission of sins. I look for the [[Resurrection]] of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen.</blockquote>

Christians and Christian denominations agree on many points of doctrine and disagree on others. According to an online Harris poll from 2003 99% of all American Christians believe in God, 96% in the [[Resurrection of Jesus Christ|resurrection of Jesus Christ]], 93% in Heaven, 93% in the virgin birth, 92% in the survival of the soul after death, 82% in Hell, 50% in ghosts, 27% in astrology and 21% in reincarnation. <ref>http://www.harrisinteractive.com/harris_poll/index.asp?PID=359</ref> Note that the latter two beliefs are in opposition to the religious dogma of most Christian denominations.

Nonetheless, the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed offers a general overall picture of what Christian theology looks like, and serves as a useful outline.

Other creeds may prove helpful in research. See also: the [[Apostle's Creed]], [[Athanasian Creed]].

===God===
The God of the Christians is a triune being. Though there is only one Divine nature there are three Divine Persons: The Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. The three Persons are collectively called the [[Trinity]] or the Holy Trinity. Christians reject the idea that they are polytheists because of the oneness of the divine nature (or essence). Though to non-Christians and even many Christians, it might seem like an inconsequential dogma, the doctrine of the Trinity is central to all of Christian theology and life. This is especially true in the relationship between God and human beings. The major theme of the Bible is love. In the [[Old Testament]] the idea is expressed in the Hebrew word ''hessed'', which is variously translated as loyal love, tender mercy, steadfast love, mercy, goodness, etc. in the [[New Testament]] the same idea is expressed in the Greek word ''agape'', which is variously translated as love, compassion, charity, etc. The picture that the Biblical writers draw with these words is of a lover (God) who is entirely self-sufficient, needing nothing, and a beloved (human beings) in desperate need of salvation but unable to obtain it for himself. But God the lover is willing to suffer, knows He is going to suffer, even endure death to save the beloved human beings. This love of God for human beings is an extension of the love the Three Persons in the Trinity have for each other. Each loves the others infinitely. Their love for each other and for their creation is such that the [[Apostle John]] equates God and love, in an almost mathematical way saying, "God is love."

Additionally, the God of the Christians is the creator of all things, is everywhere present, exists in all times, is transcendent, all-knowing (omniscient), just, all-powerful (omnipotent).

===Jesus===
Christians hold that during the reign of [[Caeser Augustus]] the Son (e.g. the second Person of the Trinity) took flesh from a virgin woman and was incarnate as a man. He was born in the town of [[Bethlehem]] and was given the name [[Jesus]]. At the age of thirty he was baptized by his cousin, the [[John the Baptist|Prophet John]], and began to preach in the area [[Palestine]]. About three years after his baptism, he raised his friend Lazarus from the dead, prompting the Jewish power establishment to plot Jesus death. Jesus was [[crucified]]. He came back from the dead and was seen by over 500 people. He ascended to heaven. The four [[Gospels]] contain the records of some of what Jesus did and said, but he did much more than those four books relate, as the Apostle John admitted in his Gospel.

===Morality===
The fundamental principle in Christian moral teaching is love and forgiveness, as expressed by the life and teachings of Jesus Christ and the New Testament. Jesus summarized his teachings in two commandments from the Old Testament:

"'You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind.' This is the great and foremost commandment. The second is like it, 'You shall love your neighbor as yourself.' On these two commandments depend the whole Law and the Prophets." ([[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]] 22:37-39; [[Book of Deuteronomy|Deuteronomy]] 6:5; Leviticus 19:18)

Constant debate has resulted as to how a person should express love for God in their moral behavior. This moral dialogue found expression in the New Testament, where the [[Apostle Paul]] addressed such controversies as [[circumcision]] ([[Book of Romans|Romans]] 2:25-29), eating meat that was sacrificed to [[pagan]] deities (1 Corinthians 8), speculating about myths and genealogies (1 Timothy 1:3-5), and observing ceremonial dates and seasons (Galatians 4:9-11).

Regardless of a person's ethical interpretations, adherents commonly point to New Testament passages John 3:16 and 1 Corinthians 13:4-7 as scriptural depictions of love. The former states that <blockquote>"God so loved the world, that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him shall not perish, but have eternal life."</blockquote> The latter characterizes love, saying <blockquote>"Love is patient, love is kind and is not jealous; love does not brag and is not arrogant, does not act unbecomingly; it does not seek its own, is not provoked, does not take into account a wrong suffered, does not rejoice in unrighteousness, but rejoices with the truth; bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things."</blockquote>

Jesus Christ affirmed, "By this all men will know that you are My disciples, if you have love for one another." (John 13:35)

===Salvation===
The Bible teaches that "all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God" (Romans 3:23). This is often interpreted to mean that everyone has displeased God and is now separated from him in a kind of alienation and enmity that results from the fundamental conflict between selfish human interests and God's interests (Romans 8:5-8; James 4:4).

However, Jesus offered a solution to this Biblical dilemma in that by repentance of sins and faith in him (Jesus), their sins would be forgiven. He said that "...the Son of man hath power on earth to forgive sins." ([[Gospel of Mark|Mark]] 2:10) Jesus also said, "I came not to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance." (Mark 2:17, and "Verily I say unto you, All sins shall be forgiven unto the sons of men" (Mark 2:28)

Jesus Christ taught that "unless one is born again he cannot see the kingdom of God" ([[Gospel of John|John]] 3:3). Evangelical Protestants often use the terms "saved" and "born again" interchangeably. Other Christians, notably the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church use the phrase ''born again'' as a synonym for [[baptism|baptized]]. "Jesus answered, Amen, amen, I say unto thee, Except a man be born of water and [of] the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God." (John 3:5)

Christians are expected to continue living by Christ's teachings (John 8:31), as is appropriate for "children of Light" (Ephesians 5:8-10). Some believe that this is necessary in order to stay saved. However, this is a common misconception of the text. It is rather referring to proving that one is a child of God by their "fruit" (things that they do and how they behave). Christians in the Reformed tradition (following the teaching of the 16th century French lawyer [[John Calvin]], as well as the faith outlined in the Belgic and Heidleberg Confessions) says that salvation is irrevocable and that it cannot be lost, if it was genuinely part of one's life to begin with. Reformed Christians (often called [[Calvinists]]) often point to Romans 8:38-39 as validation of their belief: "For I am convinced that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor things present, nor things to come, nor powers, nor height, nor depth, nor any other created thing, will be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord" (Romans 8:38-39; NASB). According to Calvinists, the reason it cannot be lost by natural things is because salvation was obtained through a supernatural being, namely Jesus Christ. This does not negate Jesus' human side, only that he was both one-hundred percent God and one-hundred percent man, according to the [[Council of Chalcedon]] (A. D. 451). The Bible also makes it clear that mankind cannot earn their salvation, and that it is a free gift.

== Resurrection of Jesus Christ ==
The [[Resurrection of Jesus Christ|resurrection of Jesus Christ]] is critical to the Christian faith. The Apostle Paul wrote, "if Christ has not been raised, then our preaching is vain, your faith also is vain" (I Cor:15:14). Traditionally, Christianity has believed in a physical resurrection of Jesus Christ. <ref>http://www.iclnet.org/pub/resources/text/cri/cri-jrnl/crj0056a.txt</ref>

In recent history [[Christian apologetics|Christian apologists]] Gary Habermas is considered the foremost apologist for defending the resurrection of Jesus. <ref>http://www.garyhabermas.com/articles/dialog_rexperience/dialog_rexperiences.htm</ref><ref>http://www.tektonics.org/books/lichabrvw.html</ref><ref>http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/NTeSources/NTArticles/CTR-NT/Habermas-Resurrection1-CTR.pdf </ref><ref>http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/NTeSources/NTArticles/CTR-NT/Habermas-Resurrection2-CTR.pdf</ref><ref>http://www.garyhabermas.com/articles/crj_explainingaway/crj_explainingaway.htm</ref><ref>http://www.apologetics.com/default.jsp?bodycontent=/articles/historical_apologetics/habermas-nt.html</ref>
Other notable defenders of the resurrection include: [[William Lane Craig]], [[Lee Strobel]], [[Josh McDowell]], [[Edwin M. Yamauchi]], [[N.T. Wright]] and [[Michael Horner]]. <ref>http://www.leaderu.com/offices/billcraig/menus/historical.html</ref><ref>http://www.leaderu.com/everystudent/easter/articles/josh2.html</ref><ref>http://www.leaderu.com/everystudent/easter/articles/yama.html</ref><ref>http://www.ntwrightpage.com/Wright_Early_Traditions.htm</ref><ref>http://www.michaelhorner.com/articles/resurrection/index.html</ref>

== Evangelism ==
In what is called the [[Great Commission]], Jesus sent his disciples out into the world to preach the Gospel (literally "good news") and make disciples.
:'''Great Commission'''
:''But the eleven disciples proceeded to [[Galilee]], to the mountain which Jesus had designated. When they saw Him, they worshiped Him; but some were doubtful. And Jesus came up and spoke to them, saying, "All authority has been given to Me in [[heaven]] and on [[earth]]." Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the [[#God the Father|Father]] and the [[#God the Son|Son]] and the [[#God the Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]], teaching them to observe all that I commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, even to the end of the age."'' --[[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]] 28:16-20 [[New American Standard Bible|NASB]]

It should be noted, however, that Jesus said it was the Holy Spirit, not man, who was sent to convict the world concerning sin and righteousness (John 16:8). This relieves Christians of needing to worry when they evangelize. God is the one who gets the credit with the growth and maturity of the Church: "So then neither the one who plants nor the one who waters is anything, but God who causes the growth" (1 Corinthians 3:7).

==See also==

'''Denominations or branches of Christianity'''
*[[Roman Catholic Church]]
*[[Orthodox Church]]
*[[Protestantism|Protestant]]
**[[Amish]]
**[[Baptist]]
**[[Church of England]] or ''Anglican Church''
**[[Episcopal Church in the United States of America]] (or ''Episcopal Church'' or ''Episcopalians'') (Non-UK branch of the Anglican Church)
**[[Evangelical Christianity]]
**[[Fundamentalism]]
**[[Lutheran]]
**[[Methodist]]
**[[Presbyterian]]
**[[Liberal Christianity]]
**[[Mennonite]]
**[[Pentecostal]]

'''Disputed'''
*[[Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]
*[[Christian Science]]

'''Other articles'''
*[[Catholicism]]
*[[Christian apologetics]] (Defense of Christianity)
*[[Christianity and Science]]
*[[Conservative Christianity]]
*[[Judaism]]
*[[Persecution of Christians]]
*[[Red-letter Christian]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Christianity]]
[[Category:Worldviews]]

Homosexual rights advocacy

2008-03-30T15:58:50Z

ZebraSofa:

The '''gay rights''' movement seeks to elevate [[homosexuality]] to the same level of social and political respectability as heterosexual relationships. Haha, you said GAY!

With arguments against homosexuality largely dispelled, the gay rights movement seeks to remove the stigma of [[sexual perversion]] from homosexuality by arguing that either,
# Homosexuality is an immutable trait, and discriminating against immutable traits is wrong (cf. race discrimination), or,
# Homosexuality, if not immutable, is highly correlated with personality, and discriminating against such deeply rooted notions of self is wrong, as well (cf. religious intolerance).

==History==
As Amazon.com said in a review of a book of [[Harry Hay]]'s writings, he "is the acknowledged father…of the modern gay liberation movement." As a [[Communist Party of the United States]] (CPUSA) organizer, he turned out "essays, position papers, critical studies, and manifestos concerning what it means to be gay in the world." <ref> [http://www.aim.org/media_monitor/A269_0_2_0_C/ Red Roots Of Gay Movement], Cliff Kincaid, Accuracy in Media, September 10, 2003. </ref>

The first step Hay took in organizing the gay rights movement was to recommend to the CPUSA that he be expelled. In
light of his years 18 years of service to the party <ref>[http://www.sojournertruth.net/ipp.html#i In Partial Payment Class Struggle, Sexuality and Gay Liberation (1978)], by A. Rausch. Retrieved from ''Urgent Tasks: [[Leftist|Journal of the Revolutionary Left]]'', Sojourner Truth Organization Digital Archive , 10 May 2007. </ref> they released him as “a security risk but a life-long friend of the people.” The early leadership of the Foundation shaped the organization to reflect the cell structure of the Communist Party, in which "secrecy, hierarchical structures, and centralized leadership predominated." <ref>John D'Emilio, ''Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities: The Making of a Homosexual Minority in the United States'' (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983), quoted in Martin Meeker, Behind the Mask of Respectability, ''Journal of the History of Sexuality'', (2001) 78-116. </ref>
Hay and his fellow gay rights activists began circulating the [[USSR]] and the East European Communist parties sponsored anti-war [[Stockholm Peace petition]] against the [[Korean War]] <ref>[http://www.kimsoft.com/2000/germberia.htm New Russian Evidence on the Korean War Biological Warfare Allegations: Background and Analysis,]Milton Leitenberg, Cold War International History Project, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. </ref> at a gay beach in Los Angeles. The first months produced hundreds of members.

Amid growing public focus on gays and lesbians, 91 homosexuals were found to be employed in the [[U.S. State Department]]. Congressional investigators discovered homosexuals employed in 36 of 53 branches of Government, as well as in the armed forces. Between Jan. 1, 1947 and April 1950, 4,954 cases had come to light among some three and a half million people in Government service. Most were in the armed services. 574 cases were found involving civilian Government employees; in all the other cases the accused had either quit, been cleared or fired. The investigators found the greatest batch of civilian cases—143—in the U.S. State Department. State had cleared or gotten rid of all but a dozen whose cases were still pending. The Veterans Administration was found to have 101 cases. Others included the Atomic Energy Commission, 8; EGA, 27; Congress' legislative agencies (Library of Congress, congressional employees, etc.), 19. One Senator remarked, "It follows that if blackmailers can extort money from a homosexual under threat of disclosure, [[espionage]] agents can use the same type of pressure to extort confidential information." <ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,859060,00.html Object Lesson], ''TIME magazine'', Dec. 25, 1950.</ref>

The [[Human Rights Campaign]] referred to Hay as "founder and architect of the modern movement for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender rights" and "Harry was one of the first to realize that the dream of equality for our community could be attained through visibility and activism". <ref>[http://www.hrc.org/Content/ContentGroups/News_Releases/20021/HRC_Mourns_the_Death_of_Gay_Rights_Pioneer_Harry_Hay.htm Human Rights Campaign Mourns the Death of Gay Rights Pioneer Harry Hay], Press Release, Oct. 24, 2002.</ref> Hay not only promoted homosexual rights, he actively campaigned for the "rights" of [[pedophile]]s. ''The Boston Phoenix'' noted that nowhere was this more evident than in Hay's persistent support of the right of the North American Man-Boy Love Association, [[NAMBLA]], to march in gay-pride parades. <ref>''The Boston Phoenix'', [http://bostonphoenix.com/boston/news_features/other_stories/documents/02511115.htm The real Harry Hay], Michael Bronski, October 31 - November 7, 2002. </ref> NAMBLA maintains a website with a body of Hay's work and a tribute to Harry Hay on its homepage. The Human Rights Campaign and other gay rights organizations, while revering Hay for his contributions to gay rights, do not support NAMBLA or communism.

In 2006, [[Catholic Charities]] of Boston closed their adoption program after more than a century of finding homes for [[orphans]] and [[unwanted children]] when it was reported by the ''Boston Globe'' that gay couples had received children placed from the agency.<ref>[http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2006/03/11/catholic_charities_stuns_state_ends_adoptions/ Catholic Charities stuns state, ends adoptions], By Patricia Wen, ''The Boston Globe'', March 11, 2006.</ref> Massachusetts law barring "orientation discrimination" prohibited one of the nations oldest adoption agencies from refusing service to gay activists, and a mass resignation of the agencies Board in protest followed. <ref>[http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/012/191kgwgh.asp Banned in Boston], by Maggie Gallagher, ''The Weekly Standard'', 05/15/2006, Volume 011, Issue 33.</ref>

== Legal Success ==
Courts, including the Supreme Court, have accepted either one or both of these rationales. In ''[[Romer v. Evans]]'', the Court found that discriminating against homosexuals could only be explained by a rational of animus laid bare, which was not enough even to allow state condemnation of homosexuality under the [[rational basis review]] test. ''Romer'', then, protects the status of homosexuality from undue discrimination that occurs without a rational basis.<ref>Romer v. Evans, 517 U.S. 620</ref>

Homosexual conduct was formerly illegal in many states.<ref>See generally ''Bowers v. Hardwick'', 478 U.S. 186</ref> In the last decade of the twentieth century, although these laws existed, they were rarely (if ever) enforced.<ref>''Lawrence v. Texas,'' 539 U.S. 558, Justice Anthony Kennedy, in the Opinion of the Court, found this in his historical analysis.</ref> Without disclosing whether it saw homosexuality as a status protected from discrimination at as high of a level as gender and race, the Court struck down bans on homosexual conduct, framing it as an expansion of its privacy jurisprudence.<ref>''Lawrence v. Texas'', 539 U.S. 558</ref>

The status of homosexuality before the law, then, is in some degree of flux. While bare discrimination against homosexual status is facially unconstitutional lacking a rational basis, and while preventing homosexual conduct is similarly unconstitutional, the Supreme Court has held in these landmark cases that the state may discriminate against homosexuals to preserve an "institution that the law protects" - namely, [[marriage]].<ref>''Lawrence v. Texas''; Kennedy & O'Connor both reached this conclusion explicitly.</ref> As such, the standard to be applied in deciding if discrimination against homosexuals is wrong is somewhere in between [[rational basis review]] and [[strict scrutiny review]]. Justice [[Antonin Scalia]] thinks that this uncertainty will surely be resolved in the favor of gay rights, and he warns that such a legal erosion will result in the downfall of the law's moral authority.<ref>''Lawrence v. Texas'', Scalia, J., dissenting.</ref>

== Opposition to Gay Rights ==
Polls consistently reveal that a clear majority <ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/18/AR2007031800484.html | Clinton, Obama Slow to Respond to Questions on Homosexuality] Washington Post, March 18, 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/963906/posts| New poll shows Americans oppose gay civil unions 58%-37%] Washington Post, August 18, 2003</ref> of people disapprove of homosexuality, or at least consider it less than ideal, and prefer that public policy does not encourage it. They also believe that accepting homosexuality would require the loss of rights to free speech, freedom of religion, freedom of association, and traditional [[marriage]].<ref>Traditional Values Coalition - [http://www.traditionalvalues.org/modules.php?sid=2963 Homosexual Marriage In Canada Killing Free Speech]</ref>
Conservatives criticize attempts by gay rights activists to prohibit any statements which are critical of homosexuality, such as the idea that it is "unnatural" or "sinful", using [[hate crime]]s statutes and anti-[[discrimination]] laws.

Conservatives also oppose attempts by homosexual activists to indoctrinate children through the use of ''tolerance'' or ''diversity'' programs in schools which encourage acceptance of homosexual behavior. Notable figures including [[Tony Perkins]] have expressed concerns.

*The EU parliament called on Polish authorities to publicly condemn and take measures against declarations by officials "inciting discrimination and hatred based on sexual orientation." [http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=D8OOFTCO5&show_article=1]

== Support for Gay Rights ==

A [[Newsweek]] poll, conducted March, 2007, found that 61% of those polled felt that homosexuals should be allowed to serve openly in the military ([[margin of error]], plus or minus 3%). The poll did not ask directly about current military policy.

The same poll found that 50% of those asked favored legal recognition of same-sex unions, either as marriages or [[civil union]]s or partnerships. 44% felt same-sex couples should have no legal recognition, with 6% unsure.<ref>Polling Report http://www.pollingreport.com/civil.htm</ref>

==Tactics==

*Kirk and Madsen predicted a mass public change of heart would follow, even among opponents, "if we can actually make them like us." <ref>[http://www.leaderu.com/jhs/socarides.html How America Went Gay], by Charles W. Socarides, M.D., ''America'', November 18, 1995.</ref>

Advocates routinely use [[deceit]], notably pursuing various goal while pretending not to. For example, some advocates will claim:
*The movement does not seek to convince others that homosexuality is ''right''

Yet clearly the drive for "[[tolerance]]" is only one step toward the ultimate goal of "[[approval]]".

Blurring distinctions: Advocates routinely fail to distinguish between [[homosexual behavior]] and homosexuality as an "identity".

==See also==
*[[H.R. 1592: Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2007]]
*[[Intimate Partner Violence]]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Homosexual Agenda]]

Bread

2008-03-30T15:57:52Z

ZebraSofa:

[[Image:bampot.jpg|right|250px|thumb]]

Bread is a staple food eaten by many cultures throughout history. It is the main playable character on the hit N64 game "The Legend of Zelda: BREAD".

==History==

Bread is made by grinding [[cereals]] ([[wheat]], [[rye]] or [[barley]]) into a [[flour]] and adding water to make a [[dough]]. The dough is kneaded (mixed using the flat of the hands) to trap air in the mixture and then formed into a loaf. The loaf is then baked in a hot oven until the bread is cooked.

Bread was originally unleavened until the Egyptians discovered adding [[yeast]] (a by-product of [[beer]] production), would cause the bread to rise in the manner of most modern loaves. Most modern breads now use yeast as a leavening agent although unleavened bread is still produced (some [[Jewish]] breads and "flatbreads" such as chapatis).

Sliced bread was probably one of the first [[convenience foods]], hence the expression, ''"the best thing since sliced bread"''.

==Types of bread==

*The [[French]] Baguette - a long loaf with a hard crust.
*The Bread Roll - A small loaf of bread commonly served with a [[soup]] or as a [[sandwich]]. There are many regional words for a bread roll. Common ones include a "cob", "oven bottom", "barm", "bampot", "bap", "tea-cake" in [[West]] [[Yorkshire]] or "stottie" in [[Tyneside]].
*Granary or Wholemeal bread - these contain more of the grain than white bread and are a good source of [[fibre]].
*Naan Bread - A flat Indian bread often served with a [[curry]].
*Grissini (or breadsticks) - cigar-sized snack breads often served with [[Italy|Italian]] dishes.

==Toast==

Toasted bread is part of the first meal of the day for millions of people, particularly with [[butter]], [[lard]], [[marmalade]] or [[jam]]. Although toast was originally produced by grilling bread, the [[toaster]] was invented to speed up the process and is now a popular addition to the kitchen.

[[Category:Bakery products]]

Dog

2008-03-30T15:56:34Z

ZebraSofa:

{{Taxonomy|image = akitadog.jpg|kingdom = Animalia|phylum = Chordata|subphylum = Vertebrata|class = Mammalia|order = Carnivora|suborder = Caniformia |family = Canidae|genus = Canis|species = lupus|sub = C. l. familiaris (Domesticated dog)}}

'''Dogs''' are one of the most well-known domesticated species, with archaeological and historical records showing that they have lived in a mutually beneficial relationship with humans for thousands of years. They are what you get if you invert a god, therefore most dogs are a bit pissed because they used to have like a frigging billion followers and shit before some jerk called the Pope (yeah, you know the one) came and reversed them. Bummer!

Male dogs are referred to as a ''dog'', while a female is called a ''bitch'' (lol!). Offspring are called ''pups'' (or ''puppies'') until around a year old. The collective noun for a group of offspring is ''litter''.

Research has shown that it is probable that the first settlers respectively of the [[America]]s and [[Australia]] brought dogs of some sort with them.

== Scientific details ==

Dogs (scientific name ''Canis lupus familiaris'') are a subspecies of [[wolf|wolves]], divided into a multitude of different breeds all in principle capable of interbreeding (though in some cases, physical relations between representatives of two breeds are unlikely or problematic - Chihuahuas and Great Danes, for example).

Fossils of canine skulls smaller than those of wolves have been found with human artefacts, with dates based on evolutionary assumptions estimated to betwen 130,000 and 190,000 years ago.<ref name="DK">Kingsley, Danny, [http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/stories/s513072.htm Humans live a dog's life]</ref> whilst DNA evidence has been used to suggest that dogs diverged from wolves between 100,000 and 135,000 years ago.<ref name="DK" />
<ref>Vila, Carles; Carles Vila, Peter Savolainen, Jesus E. Maldonado, Isabel R. Amorim, John E. Rice, Rodney L. Honeycutt, Keith A. Crandall, Joakim Lundeberg, Wayne, Robert F. (1997-01-30; accepted 1997-04-14). [http://www.mnh.si.edu/GeneticsLab/StaffPage/MaldonadoJ/PublicationsCV/Science_Dog_Paper.pdf Multiple and ancient origins of the domestic dog], ''Science'' 276: 1687-1689. Retrieved on 2006-12-09.</ref>
Secular archaeology has placed the earliest known domestication at potentially 12,000 BC-10,000 BC and with certainty at 7,000 BC. <ref>Scott, John Paul (1965), Dog behavior: The genetic basis, University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-74338-1.</ref>

Dogs are also viewed as being the single most genetically diverse species on Earth - largely thanks to human-imposed selective breeding, the vast array of dog breeds surpasses any other creature on the planet. Due to selective breeding by man, however, many breeds of dog have significant [[gene|genetic]] disorders. These include hip dysplasia (common with German Shepherds), and respiratory problems caused by shortening of the face, as seen with Boxer dogs and the Bulldog's lip.

== Bites ==
[[Image:Dog - Jay Paul - The New York Times.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Dog in a kennel with the animal said to be on hold due to court case]]
Despite being colloquially known as "man's best friend", every 40 seconds, someone in the [[United States of America|United States]] seeks medical help for a dog bite, with approximately 800,000 such bites per year requiring medical attention.<ref>http://www.dogbitelaw.com/PAGES/statistics.html</ref>
Due to the high cost of dog bite liability claims, some [[insurance]] companies have blacklisted certain breeds and refuse to provide homeowners insurance to those who own these dog breeds. <ref>http://www.dogbitelegalcenter.com/resources/common-dogs.html</ref>

== Uses ==

Dogs are used for many purposes:

*Guarding property and livestock.
*Herding [[sheep]] and [[cow|cattle]].
*Tracking by scent, carrying messages, and mountain rescue.
*Pursuing, flushing and retrieving game, and killing [[vermin]].
*Providing assistance to blind and deaf people.
*Military and police duties including guarding, tracking and attacking. In [[World War II]], the [[Soviet Union]] attempted to train dogs to place explosive charges under German [[tank]]s.
*To detect illegal drugs (German Shepherds are commonly trained to do so by police)
*As a beast of burden, or for drawing sledges and dogcarts.
* As a performing animal. [[Circus]] dogs have been trained to dance, ride bicycles and walk the tightrope.
* For fighting, now illegal in most places, e.g. everywhere in USA.
*As food. Dog is still considered a delicacy in [[China]], [[Korea]] and parts of [[Africa]] today.

Today most dogs in western countries are kept for [[pet|companionship]] only. Stray and feral dogs cause many problems, spreading diseases such as [[rabies]], and attacking people and [[livestock]].

== Further reading ==
* [http://www.mastiffexperts.com Mastiff Experts]

==References==
<div class="references-small"><div class="references-2column"><references /></div></div>

[[Category:Canines]]
[[Category:Biblical Animals]]

Japanese animation

2008-03-30T15:54:55Z

ZebraSofa:

The '''Japanese animation''' industry has attracted much interest in the West, with English-speaking fans avidly adopting Japanese terminology such as ''anime'' (short for "animation", but used almost exclusively to refer to animated features originating from Japan) and even ''otaku'' (derogatory term meaning "obsessive fan").

The best known ''anime'' director in Japan is [[Hayao Miyazaki]], founder of Studio Ghibli and famous for "[[My Neighbor Totoro]]," "[[Spirited Away]]," and "[[Princess Mononoke]]."

As in the West, Japanese animation tends to follow Japanese comic book styles (called ''[[manga]]''). An author/illustrator of a manga is called a manga-ka. Many anime begin as manga in magizines such as Shounen Jump, one of the most popular compilations in Japan.
<br /><br />
'''Many of Anime's genres fall into the following categories:<br /><br />'''
'''Shounen''' - Japanese for boy, Shounen is the most popular genre in Japan and the most well known outside the country. Aimed at prepubescent boys, Shounen are often action/adventure series featuring martial arts, Japanese and Chinese folklore, simplistic animation and conceptual fantasy and science fiction. Popular titles that have been translated to English include [[Naruto]], Bleach, [[One Piece]], Dragonball/Z, Gundam, [[Fullmetal Alchemist]], Prince of Tennis. Pokemon, the 1990's superfad, is also Shounen. <br />

'''Shoujo''' - Japanese for girl, Shoujo is also popular outside of Japan, with such famous dubs as Sailor Moon, Cardcaptor Sakura (Cardcaptors in America), Tokyo Mew Mew and Fruits Basket. Within Shoujo there is the subgenre of Magical Girl, where an otherwise average Japanese girl has magical powers with which she saves the world. More often than Shounen, Shoujo are romance tales or rely heavily on romance in the plot. The Heroine is often saving the world by night and snagging the boy of her dreams by day. <br />

'''Seinen''' - Japanese for young man, Seinen (or seijin) targets the 18 to 40 male audience, though it is not uncommon to find much older men reading manga on the train ride to work. Good examples of seinen anime and manga include: Ghost in the Shell, Gunslinger Girl, Bartender, Yokohama Kaidashi Kikou, Cowboy Bebop, Elfen Lied, Aria, Bokura no, as well as the feature films of [[Satoshi Kon]] and [[Makoto Shinkai]]. Titles like [[Cowboy Bebop]] and [[Ghost in the Shell]] are considered classics, while Cowboy Bebop was the first anime aired on Cartoon Network's Adult Swim. Seinen has all the elements of its juvenile, but is often darker and more mature (or immature, depending on the sense of humor) than Shounen, with horror, mystery and suspense. Often it will also take a slice-of-life look at stories, and provide deeper character insights than shounen action-driven works.<br />

'''Josei''' - Japanese for young woman, and targets women in the 18 to 40 age band. Can also be referred to as 'redisu' and 'redikomi', the latter being taken from the English 'lady comic'. It differs from shoujo in that the artistic styles of josei tend to be more realistic and restrained, and the stories tend to be more realistic and mature. Examples of josei manga and anime are Paradise Kiss, Hataraki Man and Honey and Clover.<br />

'''Kodomo''' - Japanese for child, Kodomo are the cartoons most like American cartoons, as in for small children. They are often moral teachings with simple animation. Astro Boy is the first anime brought to America, having the notoriety that comes with being a child icon for 60 years. Modern titles include Hamtaro and Doraemon.<br />

"Hentai"- It's got tits! Yes, kids, it's hand drawn porno! My personal favourite would have to be tentacle lolicon, for much enjoyment and strokey goodness. Oh damn I just stained my sofa again.
[[category:culture]]

==Links==
*[http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/ Anime News Network]