Austria - Revision history

RobSmith: /* Foreign Relations */

2025-06-30T11:28:37Z

‎Foreign Relations

Alex Kosh: update

2025-01-21T06:17:31Z

update

Conservative: /* External links */

2024-06-04T12:26:48Z

‎External links

Conservative: /* Political Conditions */

2024-06-04T12:25:15Z

‎Political Conditions

Conservative: /* Political Conditions */

2024-06-04T12:24:47Z

‎Political Conditions

Conservative: /* Principal Government Officials */

2024-06-04T12:23:46Z

‎Principal Government Officials

DavidB4-bot: Spelling, grammar, and general cleanup, typos fixed: from 1938-1945 → from 1938 to 1945, 1711-1740 → 1711–1740 (3)

2024-03-28T03:58:14Z

Spelling, grammar, and general cleanup, typos fixed: from 1938-1945 → from 1938 to 1945, 1711-1740 → 1711–1740 (3)

Conservative: /* External links */

2024-02-19T15:44:49Z

‎External links

Alex Kosh at 20:48, January 28, 2024

2024-01-28T20:48:49Z

RobSmith: /* History */

2023-11-24T23:50:18Z

‎History

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 Austrian leaders emphasize the unique role the country plays both as a trans-European hub and as a moderator between industrialized and developing countries. Austria is active in the United Nations and experienced in UN peacekeeping efforts. It attaches great importance to participation in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and other international economic organizations, and it has played an active role in the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). Austria has participated in the UN-mandated International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan since 2002. In August 2005, Austria deployed 93 soldiers to the northern Afghan city of Kunduz to help support the parliamentary and provincial elections. Austria has also participated in international reconstruction assistance efforts and has provided about 8.5 million euros since 2002 to combat drugs, to strengthen women's rights and for mine removal.
-Vienna hosts the Secretariat of the OSCE and the headquarters of the International Atomic Energy Agency, the UN Industrial Development Organization, and the UN Drug Control Program. Other international organizations in Vienna include the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization, and the Wassenaar Arrangement (a technology-transfer control agency).
+Vienna hosts the Secretariat of the OSCE and the headquarters of the [[International Atomic Energy Agency]], the UN Industrial Development Organization, and the UN Drug Control Program. Other international organizations in Vienna include the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization, and the Wassenaar Arrangement (a technology-transfer control agency).
 Austria traditionally has been active in "bridge-building to the east," increasing contacts at all levels with [[Central Europe]] and [[Russia]]. Austrians maintain a constant exchange of business representatives, political leaders, students, cultural groups, and tourists with the countries of [[Central Europe]] and [[Russia]]. Austrian companies are active in investing and trading with those countries as well. In addition, the Austrian Government and various Austrian organizations provide assistance and training to support the changes underway in the region.

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
   |language=German
   |president=Alexander Van der Bellen
-  |chancellor=Karl Nehammer
+  |chancellor=Alexander Schallenberg
   |area=32,377 sq. mi.
   |pop=9,000,000 (2020)

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:26, June 4, 2024
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	*[http://www.aipnews.com/talk/forums/printer-friendly.asp?tid=12514&mid= Austria 1938 by [[Kitty Werthmann]]. Eyewitness account of Nazi takeover of Austria, and its ways and means].		*[http://www.aipnews.com/talk/forums/printer-friendly.asp?tid=12514&mid= Austria 1938 by [[Kitty Werthmann]]. Eyewitness account of Nazi takeover of Austria, and its ways and means].
		+
		+	History:
		+
		+	*[https://archive.ph/AjOBE#selection-2871.0-2871.45 The Untold Story of Vienna’s Global Influence]

	{{European Union}}		{{European Union}}

@@ Line 73: / Line 73: @@
 The People's Party advocates conservative financial policies and privatization of much of Austria's nationalized industry. It finds support from farmers, large and small business owners, and some lay Catholic groups, mostly in the rural regions of Austria. In 2006, it received 34.3% of the vote. The Greens won 11.1% of the vote in 2006, becoming the third-largest party in parliament. The rightist Freedom Party traditionally had a base in classic European liberalism. However, after losing much of its support in the 2002 elections and suffering a split, the FPO won slightly more of the vote in 2006–11%--than it did in 2002, due to a populist, anti-immigration theme. The Alliance-Future-Austria (BZÖ) split from the FPÖ in 2005. All the FPÖ's Federal Ministers and most of its parliamentarians joined the BZÖ, and that party formally became the junior partner in the governing coalition. The BZO was unable to draw significant popular support away from the FPÖ, but managed to enter parliament in 2006 with 4.1% of the vote. After Haider's death, the BZÖ shifted towards the political center, and in 2010, many of its members rejoined the FPÖ.<ref>Smith, Reiss (September 22, 2016). [https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/713318/freedom-party-austria-fpo-anti-eu-europe-Norbert-Hofer What is the Freedom Party of Austria? The anti-EU party that could win Austria's election]. ''Daily Express''. Retrieved December 17, 2016.</ref>
-In the first round of the 2016 Austrian presidential election, FPÖ candidate [[Norbert Hofer]] received 35.1 percent of the vote, which at the time was the party's best result in a national election in history.<ref>Troianovski, Anton (April 25, 2016). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/european-right-gets-boost-from-austrian-freedom-party-victory-1461598555 European Right Gets Boost From Austrian Freedom Party Victory]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 17, 2016.</ref> Although Hofer lost the run-off election by less than one percentage point, Austria's Constitutional Court ordered a re-run of the election due to irregularities in mail-in ballots.<ref>Troianovski, Anton (June 1, 2016). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/austrian-court-orders-rerun-of-presidential-vote-1467369788 Austrian Court Orders Rerun of Presidential Vote]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrievd December 17, 2016.</ref> The election was eventually postponed until December 4, 2016.<ref>Connolly, Kate (September 12, 2016). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/12/austria-presidential-election-rerun-to-be-postponed-faulty-glue-ballot-papers Austrian presidential election postponed due to faulty glue]. ''The Guardian''. Retrieved December 17, 2016.</ref><ref>Tomlinson, Chris (September 13, 2016). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2016/09/13/fpo-austrian-election-delay-embarrassment/ Freedom Party Calls Austrian Election Delay An ‘Embarrassment’]. ''Breitbart''. Retrieved December 17, 2016.</ref> Although Hofer lost the election, being defeated by leftist Green Party candidate [[Alexander Van der Bellen]], the party vowed to fight on.<ref>Oliphant, Roland; Cseko, Balazs (December 4, 2016). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/12/05/time-comes-says-defiant-austrian-far-right-freedom-party-claims/ Austrian far-right defiant as Freedom Party claims 'pole position' for general election: 'Our time comes']. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved December 17, 2016.</ref> After the 2017 parliamentary elections, the FPÖ formed a coalition deal with the ÖVP and was able to take several key government agencies, including the interior and defense ministries.<ref>Multiple references:
+In the first round of the 2016 Austrian presidential election, FPÖ candidate [[Norbert Hofer]] received 35.1 percent of the vote, which at the time was the party's best result in a national election in history.<ref>Troianovski, Anton (April 25, 2016). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/european-right-gets-boost-from-austrian-freedom-party-victory-1461598555 European Right Gets Boost From Austrian Freedom Party Victory]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 17, 2016.</ref> Although Hofer lost the run-off election by less than one percentage point, Austria's Constitutional Court ordered a re-run of the election due to irregularities in mail-in ballots.<ref>Troianovski, Anton (June 1, 2016). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/austrian-court-orders-rerun-of-presidential-vote-1467369788 Austrian Court Orders Rerun of Presidential Vote]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrievd December 17, 2016.</ref> The election was eventually postponed until December 4, 2016.<ref>Connolly, Kate (September 12, 2016). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/12/austria-presidential-election-rerun-to-be-postponed-faulty-glue-ballot-papers Austrian presidential election postponed due to faulty glue]. ''The Guardian''. Retrieved December 17, 2016.</ref><ref>Tomlinson, Chris (September 13, 2016). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2016/09/13/fpo-austrian-election-delay-embarrassment/ Freedom Party Calls Austrian Election Delay An ‘Embarrassment’]. ''Breitbart''. Retrieved December 17, 2016.</ref> Although Hofer lost the election, being defeated by leftist Green Party candidate Alexander Van der Bellen, the party vowed to fight on.<ref>Oliphant, Roland; Cseko, Balazs (December 4, 2016). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/12/05/time-comes-says-defiant-austrian-far-right-freedom-party-claims/ Austrian far-right defiant as Freedom Party claims 'pole position' for general election: 'Our time comes']. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved December 17, 2016.</ref> After the 2017 parliamentary elections, the FPÖ formed a coalition deal with the ÖVP and was able to take several key government agencies, including the interior and defense ministries.<ref>Multiple references:
 *Korolyov, Alexei (December 21, 2017). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/dec/21/nazi-party-offshoot-rises-austria/ Austria’s far right takes power with little fanfare in altered political climate]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
 *Atkins, Ralph; Khan, Mehreen (December 17, 2017). [https://www.ft.com/content/4608e324-e26a-11e7-97e2-916d4fbac0da Far-right Freedom party enters Austrian government]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved December 21, 2017.

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 ===Political Conditions===
-Since [[World War II]], Austria enjoyed political stability. A Socialist elder statesman, Dr. Karl Renner, organized an Austrian administration in the aftermath of the war, and the country held general elections in November 1945. All three major parties—the [[Austrian People's Party]] (ÖVP), the Socialists (later [[Social Democratic Party (Austria)|Social Democratic Party]] or SPÖ), and [[Communists]]—governed until 1947, when the Communists left the government. The ÖVP then led a governing coalition with the SPÖ that governed until 1966.
+Since [[World War II]], Austria enjoyed political stability. A Socialist elder statesman, Dr. Karl Renner, organized an Austrian administration in the aftermath of the war, and the country held general elections in November 1945. All three major parties—the [[Austrian People's Party]] (ÖVP), the Socialists (later Social Democratic Party or SPÖ), and [[Communists]]—governed until 1947, when the Communists left the government. The ÖVP then led a governing coalition with the SPÖ that governed until 1966.
 Between 1970 and 1999, the SPÖ governed the country either alone or with junior coalition partners. In 1999, the ÖVP formed a coalition with the [[right-wing populist]] [[Freedom Party of Austria]] (FPÖ), which had dramatically increased in size under the leadership of [[Jörg Haider]]. The SPÖ, which was the strongest party in the 1999 elections, and the Greens formed the opposition. The FPÖ had gained support because of [[populist]] tactics, and the [[liberal]] and [[globalist]] [[establishment]] strongly opposed it for its political incorrectness, claiming it somehow represented "right-wing extremism." As a result, the [[European Union]] (EU) imposed a series of sanctions on Austria. The [[United States|U.S.]] and [[Israel]], as well as various other countries, also reduced contacts with the Austrian Government. Israel even recalled its ambassador to Vienna for three years because the FPÖ joined the coalition.<ref>Keinon, Herb (December 19, 2017). [https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/For-now-Israel-wont-deal-with-far-right-Austrian-Freedom-Party-ministers-518447 For Now, Israel Won't Deal with Far-Right Austrian Freedom Party Ministers]. ''The Jerusalem Post''. Retrieved February 7, 2018.</ref> After a period of close observation, the EU lifted sanctions, and the U.S. revised its contacts policy. In the 2002 elections, the ÖVP became the largest party, and the FPÖ's strength declined by more than half. Nevertheless, the ÖVP renewed its coalition with the FPÖ in February 2003. In national elections in October 2006, the SPÖ became the largest party, edging the ÖVP. On January 11, 2007, an SPÖ-led Grand Coalition took office, with the ÖVP as junior partner.

@@ Line 55: / Line 55: @@
 ===Principal Government Officials===
-*Federal President—[[Alexander Van der Bellen]]
+*Federal President—Alexander Van der Bellen
-*Federal Chancellor—[[Brigitte Bierlein]]
+*Federal Chancellor—Brigitte Bierlein
 *Vice Chancellor—Clemens Jabloner
 *President of the Federal Council—Karl Bader

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
   |currency=Euro
 }}
-The '''Republic of Austria''' is a landlocked country in [[central Europe]]. The capital of Austria is [[Vienna]].  The primary language of Austria is [[German language|German]] of which is was a part from 1938-1945.
+The '''Republic of Austria''' is a landlocked country in [[central Europe]]. The capital of Austria is [[Vienna]].  The primary language of Austria is [[German language|German]] of which is was a part from 1938 to 1945.
 ==People==
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 Although never unchallenged, the [[Habsburg]]s ruled Austria for nearly 750 years. Through political marriages, the Habsburgs were able to accumulate vast land wealth encompassing most of Central Europe and stretching even as far as the Iberian Peninsula. During the 16th Century, the Ottoman Empire gained strength and in 1529, the Ottoman army surrounded Vienna. The Habsburgs held their ground and the Ottomans retreated, to return again in 1683. This time, Vienna was successfully defended by Polish King [[John III Sobieski|Jan Sobieski III]]. To this day Austrians are still proud of defending their territory from the invading Ottomans.
-Habsburg rule in Europe was particularly unsettled in the 18th and 19th Centuries, when various wars were fought over their landholdings. Emperor Charles VI (1711-1740) and his daughter Maria Theresa (1740-1780) ruled the Empire during these tumultuous times. Maria Theresa was only able to take the throne as a result of the Pragmatic Sanction, which allowed a female to ascend when there was no male heir. She became a great reformer within the Empire, advocating many changes, most notably in the educational system. Maria Theresa's son Josef II (1780-1790) continued many of her reforms and he himself has been described as an enlightened absolutist.
+Habsburg rule in Europe was particularly unsettled in the 18th and 19th Centuries, when various wars were fought over their landholdings. Emperor Charles VI (1711–1740) and his daughter Maria Theresa (1740–1780) ruled the Empire during these tumultuous times. Maria Theresa was only able to take the throne as a result of the Pragmatic Sanction, which allowed a female to ascend when there was no male heir. She became a great reformer within the Empire, advocating many changes, most notably in the educational system. Maria Theresa's son Josef II (1780–1790) continued many of her reforms and he himself has been described as an enlightened absolutist.
 In 1848 Franz Josef I ascended to the throne and remained in power until his death in 1916. With a reign spanning from the Revolutions of 1848 to World War I, Franz Josef saw many milestones in Austrian history. The Compromise of 1867 allowed some minor sovereignty to the territory of Hungary and created what became known as the Dual Monarchy. Under the new system, Franz Josef remained the head of state (Emperor of Austria/King of Hungary), but the Hungarians were now permitted to have a parliament and legislate on their own.

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:44, February 19, 2024
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	==External links==		==External links==
		+
		+	*[https://archive.ph/AjOBE#selection-2871.0-2871.45 The Untold Story of Vienna’s Global Influence]

	*[http://www.aipnews.com/talk/forums/printer-friendly.asp?tid=12514&mid= Austria 1938 by [[Kitty Werthmann]]. Eyewitness account of Nazi takeover of Austria, and its ways and means].		*[http://www.aipnews.com/talk/forums/printer-friendly.asp?tid=12514&mid= Austria 1938 by [[Kitty Werthmann]]. Eyewitness account of Nazi takeover of Austria, and its ways and means].

@@ Line 125: / Line 125: @@
 ====The Habsburg Empire====
-Although never unchallenged, the Habsburgs ruled Austria for nearly 750 years. Through political marriages, the Habsburgs were able to accumulate vast land wealth encompassing most of Central Europe and stretching even as far as the Iberian Peninsula. During the 16th Century, the Ottoman Empire gained strength and in 1529, the Ottoman army surrounded Vienna. The Habsburgs held their ground and the Ottomans retreated, to return again in 1683. This time, Vienna was successfully defended by Polish King [[John III Sobieski|Jan Sobieski III]]. To this day Austrians are still proud of defending their territory from the invading Ottomans.
+Although never unchallenged, the [[Habsburg]]s ruled Austria for nearly 750 years. Through political marriages, the Habsburgs were able to accumulate vast land wealth encompassing most of Central Europe and stretching even as far as the Iberian Peninsula. During the 16th Century, the Ottoman Empire gained strength and in 1529, the Ottoman army surrounded Vienna. The Habsburgs held their ground and the Ottomans retreated, to return again in 1683. This time, Vienna was successfully defended by Polish King [[John III Sobieski|Jan Sobieski III]]. To this day Austrians are still proud of defending their territory from the invading Ottomans.
 Habsburg rule in Europe was particularly unsettled in the 18th and 19th Centuries, when various wars were fought over their landholdings. Emperor Charles VI (1711-1740) and his daughter Maria Theresa (1740-1780) ruled the Empire during these tumultuous times. Maria Theresa was only able to take the throne as a result of the Pragmatic Sanction, which allowed a female to ascend when there was no male heir. She became a great reformer within the Empire, advocating many changes, most notably in the educational system. Maria Theresa's son Josef II (1780-1790) continued many of her reforms and he himself has been described as an enlightened absolutist.