Chile - Revision history

CatolicoAustral: /* Military Government (1973-1990) */

2026-03-23T13:27:20Z

‎Military Government (1973-1990)

CatolicoAustral: /* Military Government (1973-1990) */

2026-03-23T13:26:22Z

‎Military Government (1973-1990)

CatolicoAustral: /* Sports */

2026-03-23T13:24:04Z

‎Sports

CatolicoAustral: /* Sports */

2026-03-23T13:11:52Z

‎Sports

CatolicoAustral: /* Military Government (1973-1990) */

2026-03-23T13:07:31Z

‎Military Government (1973-1990)

CatolicoAustral: /* Political parties and coalitions */

2026-03-23T12:57:28Z

‎Political parties and coalitions

CatolicoAustral: /* Army */

2026-03-23T12:50:46Z

‎Army

CatolicoAustral: /* Carabineros */

2026-03-23T12:49:43Z

‎Carabineros

CatolicoAustral: /* Economy */

2026-03-23T12:47:27Z

‎Economy

CatolicoAustral: /* Carabineros */

2026-03-23T12:47:00Z

‎Carabineros

@@ Line 292: / Line 292: @@
 * "... the really extraordinary thing about the Chilean case was that a military government followed the opposite of military policies. The military is distinguished from the ordinary economy by the fact that it's a top-down organization. The general tells the colonel, the colonel tells the captain, and so on down, whereas a market is a bottom-up organization. The customer goes into the store and tells the retailer what he wants; the retailer sends it back up the line to the manufacturer and so on. So the basic organizational principles in the military are almost the opposite of the basic organizational principles of a free market and a free society. And the really remarkable thing about Chile is that the military adopted the free-market arrangements instead of the military arrangements."<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/int_miltonfriedman.html#10 Commanding Heights: Milton Friedman on PBS]</ref>
-The ''[[Carretera Austral]]'' (Southern Highway) was built between 1976 and 1989 and connects several rural towns in the far south of Chile that previously didn't had direct transportation, it is 1240&nbsp;km long, starting in [[Puerto Montt]] and ending in Villa O'Higgins. Today the highway is a touristic destination of Chile because of the beauty of the landscape. This huge and important geopolitical megaproject was built by military personnel, many died because of the rough climate.
+The ''[[Carretera Austral]]'' (Southern Highway) was built between 1976 and 1989 and connects several rural towns in the far south of Chile that previously didn't had direct transportation, it is 1240&nbsp;km long, starting in [[Puerto Montt]] and ending in Villa O'Higgins. Today the highway is a touristic destination of Chile because of the beauty of the landscape. This huge and important geopolitical megaproject was built by military personnel, many died because of the rough climate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://chile-pinochet-nuestro.blogspot.com/p/carretera-austral.html|title=Carretera Austral|publisher=Pinochet Nuestro|language=es}}</ref>
 During its 17 years in power, Chile moved away from economic statism toward a largely free market economy that fostered an increase in domestic and foreign private investment. The complete political liberalization of the country came in 1988, when the Constitution established that Chilean citizens would ratify or not the continuity of the military government through a plebiscite, which finally took place on October 5. On that day, the triumph of the "No" option, which obtained 55.99% of the votes, against 44.01% for the "Yes" option. General Pinochet was denied a second 8-year term as president. Chileans voted for elections to choose a new president in 1989 and the majority of members of a two-chamber congress. The Constitution was amended to ease provisions for future amendments to the Constitution on the same year.

@@ Line 291: / Line 291: @@
 [[Milton Friedman]] said,
 * "... the really extraordinary thing about the Chilean case was that a military government followed the opposite of military policies. The military is distinguished from the ordinary economy by the fact that it's a top-down organization. The general tells the colonel, the colonel tells the captain, and so on down, whereas a market is a bottom-up organization. The customer goes into the store and tells the retailer what he wants; the retailer sends it back up the line to the manufacturer and so on. So the basic organizational principles in the military are almost the opposite of the basic organizational principles of a free market and a free society. And the really remarkable thing about Chile is that the military adopted the free-market arrangements instead of the military arrangements."<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/int_miltonfriedman.html#10 Commanding Heights: Milton Friedman on PBS]</ref>
 During its 17 years in power, Chile moved away from economic statism toward a largely free market economy that fostered an increase in domestic and foreign private investment. The complete political liberalization of the country came in 1988, when the Constitution established that Chilean citizens would ratify or not the continuity of the military government through a plebiscite, which finally took place on October 5. On that day, the triumph of the "No" option, which obtained 55.99% of the votes, against 44.01% for the "Yes" option. General Pinochet was denied a second 8-year term as president. Chileans voted for elections to choose a new president in 1989 and the majority of members of a two-chamber congress. The Constitution was amended to ease provisions for future amendments to the Constitution on the same year.

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:24, March 23, 2026
Line 345:		Line 345:
	The [[Arica]] city in the north has the best waves of the country, something ideal for surfing.		The [[Arica]] city in the north has the best waves of the country, something ideal for surfing.

		+	[[File:Carretera Austral Augusto Pinochet.jpg\|250px\|thumbnail\|''[[Carretera Austral]]'' of 1240 km long in [[Aysén Region]], built during the Military Government and unofficially named after him by his supporters.]]
	The Chilean [[Patagonia]] is a famous place for trekking and out-door sports, The [[Carretera Austral]] (Southern Highway) and many National Parks (including the [[National Park Torres del Paine\|Torres del Paine]] one) are visited by people all over the world.		The Chilean [[Patagonia]] is a famous place for trekking and out-door sports, The [[Carretera Austral]] (Southern Highway) and many National Parks (including the [[National Park Torres del Paine\|Torres del Paine]] one) are visited by people all over the world.

@@ Line 345: / Line 345: @@
 The [[Arica]] city in the north has the best waves of the country, something ideal for surfing.
-The Chilean [[Patagonia]] is a famous place for trekking and out-door sports, The Carretera Austral (Southern Highway) and many National Parks (including the [[National Park Torres del Paine|Torres del Paine]] one) are visited by people all over the world.
+The Chilean [[Patagonia]] is a famous place for trekking and out-door sports, The [[Carretera Austral]] (Southern Highway) and many National Parks (including the [[National Park Torres del Paine|Torres del Paine]] one) are visited by people all over the world.
 ==Culture==

@@ Line 285: / Line 285: @@
 The deed of September 11, 1973 and the foundational work of the Military Government, apart from signifying for the Armed Forces and the Carabineros and, particularly, for the Army, a feeling of honor and pride that must be preserved, is an event that must necessarily be included in national and universal history in all its truth and dimension.
 [[File:Pinochet y la Junta Militar de Gobierno.jpg|250|thumbnail|The Government Junta of Chile in 1985.]]
 In its later years, the regime gradually permitted greater freedom of assembly, speech, and association, to include trade union activity. In contrast to its authoritarian political rule, the military government pursued decidedly [[laissez-faire]] economic policies.

@@ Line 93: / Line 93: @@
 ===Political parties and coalitions===
 Important parties without coalition:
 *[[Republican Party (Chile)|Republican Party]] (right-wing) ([[José Antonio Kast]]'s party).
-*[[Social Christian Party (Chile)|Social Christian Party]] (Dissident right Party) (Evangelical party).
+*[[National Libertarian Party]] ([[Paleolibertarian]] party) ([[Johannes Kaiser]]'s party).
 *[[People's Party (Chile)|People's Party]] (from center to center-right) ([[Franco Parisi]]'s party).
-*[[Communist Party]] of Chile (Proletarian Action)/Patriotic Union (far-left) (Eduardo Artes' party).
+*''[[Communist Party]] of Chile - Proletarian Action/Patriotic Union'' (dissolved) (far-left) (Eduardo Artes' party).
-*Progressive Homeland (left) (Marco Enríquez-Ominami's party).
+*''[[Social Christian Party (Chile)|Social Christian Party]]'' (dissolved) ([[Evangelical]] party) (Evangelical party).
 ===Administrative divisions===

@@ Line 135: / Line 135: @@
 ===Army===
-The Chilean Army is 45,000 strong and is organized with an Army headquarters in Santiago, seven divisions throughout its territory, an Air Brigade in Rancagua, and a Special Forces Command in Colina. The Chilean Army is one of the most professional and technologically advanced armies in Latin America.
+The Chilean Army is 45,000 strong and is organized with an Army headquarters in Santiago, seven divisions throughout its territory, an Air Brigade in Rancagua, and a Special Forces Command in Colina. The Chilean Army is one of the most professional and technologically advanced armies in Latin America habing inherited the [[Prussian]] military doctrine.
 ===Navy===

@@ Line 145: / Line 145: @@
 ===Carabineros===
 [[File:Carabineros de Chile poster.jpg|250px|thumbnail]]
-[[Carabineros de Chile]] is the national police force of 30,000 men and women who are responsible for law enforcement, traffic management, narcotics suppression, border control, and counter-terrorism throughout Chile. The Carabineros were created in 1927 by Gen. [[Carlos Ibáñez del Campo]]. Carabineros is the best police in Latin America.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.infobae.com/2013/09/22/1508838-chile-y-colombia-los-paises-la-policia-mas-confiable/|title=Chile y Colombia, los países con la policía más confiable|date=September 22, 2013|publisher=Infobae|language=es}}</ref>
+[[Carabineros de Chile]] is the national police force of 30,000 men and women who are responsible for law enforcement, traffic management, narcotics suppression, border control, and counter-terrorism throughout Chile. The Carabineros were created in 1927 by Gen. [[Carlos Ibáñez del Campo]]. Carabineros is the best police in Latin America and least corrupt.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.infobae.com/2013/09/22/1508838-chile-y-colombia-los-paises-la-policia-mas-confiable/|title=Chile y Colombia, los países con la policía más confiable|date=September 22, 2013|publisher=Infobae|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://insightcrime.org/news/analysis/best-worst-latam-police|title=From Chile to Mexico: Best and Worst of LatAm Police|publisher=InSight Crime|date=March 20, 2017|accessdate=March 23, 2026}}</ref>
 ==Economy==

@@ Line 149: / Line 149: @@
 ==Economy==
 [[File:GNP-CHILE.jpg|thumbnail|left|Chile's Take off thanks to Pinochet economic reforms.]]
-[[File:Gran Torre Santiago (39693576311).jpg|thumbnail|200px|Gran Torre Santiago, in the financial district of the city.]]
+[[File:Gran Torre Santiago (39693576311).jpg|thumbnail|300px|Gran Torre Santiago, in the financial district of the city.]]
 [[File:Chuqui001.jpg|thumbnail|200px|Chuquicamata Copper mine, the largest open pit copper mine in the world.]]
 After a decade of impressive growth rates, Chile began to experience a moderate economic downturn in 1999, brought on by unfavorable global economic conditions related to the Asian financial crisis, which began in 1997. The economy remained sluggish until 2003, when it began to show clear signs of recovery, achieving 3.3% real GDP growth. The Chilean economy finished 2004 with growth of 6.1%. Real GDP growth reached 6.3% in 2005 before falling back to 4.0% growth in 2006. Higher energy prices as well as lagging consumer demand were drags on the economy in 2006. Higher Chilean Government spending and favorable external conditions (including record copper prices for much of 2006) were not enough to offset these drags. For the first time in many years, Chilean economic growth in 2006 was among the weakest in Latin America. In May 2010 Chile signed the OECD Convention, becoming the first South American country to join the OECD.