Classical Liberal - Revision history

RobSmith: Protected "Classical Liberal": High traffic page ([Edit=Administrators only] (expires 02:08, May 2, 2023 (UTC)) [Move=Administrators only] (expires 02:08, May 2, 2023 (UTC)))

2022-11-01T02:08:43Z

Protected "Classical Liberal": High traffic page ([Edit=Administrators only] (expires 02:08, May 2, 2023 (UTC)) [Move=Administrators only] (expires 02:08, May 2, 2023 (UTC)))

RobSmith: Reverted edits by RobSmithDrinksP1ss (talk) to last revision by Mr. Nationalist

2022-11-01T01:36:59Z

Reverted edits by RobSmithDrinksP1ss (talk) to last revision by Mr. Nationalist

Can't load revision 1897872

RobSmithDrinksP1ss at 00:51, November 1, 2022

2022-11-01T00:51:29Z

Can't load revision 1897806

Mr. Nationalist: /* References */Added category.

2022-07-19T03:25:11Z

References: Added category.

TrumpConservative: /* The term "Classical" and change in meaning */ "Democratic" is not an adjective

2020-08-25T14:50:05Z

The term "Classical" and change in meaning: "Democratic" is not an adjective

1990'sguy: /* British Liberalism */ Remove red links.

2019-12-28T04:10:17Z

British Liberalism: Remove red links.

1990'sguy: /* History */ Remove red links.

2019-12-28T04:09:14Z

History: Remove red links.

1990'sguy at 04:08, December 28, 2019

2019-12-28T04:08:49Z

1990'sguy: Copyedits, add some info, remove duplicate info, remove mentions of The Economist which is now more globalist than classically liberal.

2019-12-28T04:07:30Z

Copyedits, add some info, remove duplicate info, remove mentions of The Economist which is now more globalist than classically liberal.

DavidB4-bot: HTTP --> HTTPS #3, replaced: http://www.amazon.com → https://www.amazon.com (4)

2019-04-09T06:40:38Z

HTTP --> HTTPS #3, replaced: http://www.amazon.com → https://www.amazon.com (4)

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:25, July 19, 2022
Line 74:		Line 74:
	[[Category:Libertarianism]]		[[Category:Libertarianism]]
	[[Category:Liberal Conservatism]]		[[Category:Liberal Conservatism]]
		+	[[Category:Enlightenment]]

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 The qualification "classical" has been applied in retrospect to distinguish the early 19th-century laissez-faire form of liberalism from modern interventionist social liberalism. The terminology is most applicable in the United States because modern American liberalism is closely identified with [[social democracy]].
-In the United States, the term "liberal" has changed meaning since the 1930s following policies enacted by Democratic leaders such as Franklin Roosevelt. Since that time Classical Liberalism is more in line with conservative or libertarian politics and philosophy. In other parts of the world, particularly continental Europe and Japan, this view is still referred to as liberalism.
+In the United States, the term "liberal" has changed meaning since the 1930s following policies enacted by Democratic Party leaders such as Franklin Roosevelt. Since that time Classical Liberalism is more in line with conservative or libertarian politics and philosophy. In other parts of the world, particularly continental Europe and Japan, this view is still referred to as liberalism.
 A ''classical liberal'' is someone who is [[liberal]] in the original sense of the word: namely, advocating personal freedom over the divine right of the state.

@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 == British Liberalism ==
-'''British Liberalism''' is different than its [[American]] counterpart. In [[Britain]], [[Liberalism]] was historically associated with [[free enterprise]] and [[individualism]]. The old [[Liberal Party]] was opposed to [[socialism]], though its leader at the time of [[World War I]], [[David Lloyd George]] advocated social reforms in order to combat the threat of international revolutionary [[Marxism]] and the socialist [[Labour Party]], and also to improve [[national efficiency]] following the poor state of soldiers during the [[Boer War]].<ref name=BBC /> This was known as "[[New Liberalism]]", and was signalled a move from classical liberalism to [[social liberalism]].<ref name=BBC>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/higher/history/liberal/motives_lib/revision/2/ "Motives of Liberal reforms"] ''BBC Bitesize''.</ref>
+'''British Liberalism''' is different than its [[American]] counterpart. In [[Britain]], [[Liberalism]] was historically associated with [[free enterprise]] and [[individualism]]. The old [[Liberal Party]] was opposed to [[socialism]], though its leader at the time of [[World War I]], [[David Lloyd George]] advocated social reforms in order to combat the threat of international revolutionary [[Marxism]] and the socialist [[Labour Party]], and also to improve national efficiency following the poor state of soldiers during the [[Boer War]].<ref name=BBC /> This was known as "New Liberalism," and was signalled a move from classical liberalism to [[social liberalism]].<ref name=BBC>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/higher/history/liberal/motives_lib/revision/2/ "Motives of Liberal reforms"] ''BBC Bitesize''.</ref>
 ==See also==

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 ==History==
-The substantial core of Classical liberalism has historically been a blend of [[political liberalism]] and [[economic liberalism]] derived from Enlightenment thinkers such as [[Thomas Hobbes]], [[John Locke]], [[Adam Smith]], [[Voltaire]], [[John Stuart Mill]], and [[Immanuel Kant]].
+The substantial core of Classical liberalism has historically been a blend of political liberalism and [[economic liberalism]] derived from Enlightenment thinkers such as [[Thomas Hobbes]], [[John Locke]], [[Adam Smith]], [[Voltaire]], [[John Stuart Mill]], and [[Immanuel Kant]].
 Many elements of this ideology developed in the 17th and 18th centuries, and it is often seen as being the natural ideology of the industrial revolution and its subsequent capitalist system. The early liberal figures now described as "classical liberals" rejected many foundational assumptions that dominated most earlier theories of government, such as the Divine Right of Kings, hereditary status, and established religion and focuses on individual freedom, reason, justice, and tolerance. Such thinkers and their ideas helped to inspire the American Revolution and the French Revolution.
-This interpretation of liberalism arose during the [[Enlightenment]], and became influential through the [[American Revolution]] and [[French Revolution]], and was also spread in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries by the [[classical economists]].<ref name="economyprofessor.com">http://www.economyprofessor.com/economictheories/economic-liberalism.php</ref>
+This interpretation of liberalism arose during the [[Enlightenment]], and became influential through the [[American Revolution]] and [[French Revolution]], and was also spread in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries by the classical economists.<ref name="economyprofessor.com">http://www.economyprofessor.com/economictheories/economic-liberalism.php</ref>
 Classical liberalism is the primary [[ideology]] behind politics in the United States. Both modern American [[liberalism]] and [[conservatism]] are branches of classical liberalism, as they both seek to promote individual freedom, though in different ways.

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 This political philosophy supports [[individual rights]] as pre-existing the state, and views the state as an entity that exists to protect those inherent rights. This can be ensured by a [[constitution]] or another such framework that protects individual autonomy and property from other individuals and governmental power (including economic power). The normative core of classical liberalism is the idea that in an environment of laissez-faire governance, a natural order of cooperation in exchanging goods and services emerges which satisfies human goals and desires.
-==The term "Classical" and modern change in meaning==
+==The term "Classical" and change in meaning==
 The qualification "classical" has been applied in retrospect to distinguish the early 19th-century laissez-faire form of liberalism from modern interventionist social liberalism. The terminology is most applicable in the United States because modern American liberalism is closely identified with [[social democracy]].
 In the United States, the term "liberal" has changed meaning since the 1930s following policies enacted by Democratic leaders such as Franklin Roosevelt. Since that time Classical Liberalism is more in line with conservative or libertarian politics and philosophy. In other parts of the world, particularly continental Europe and Japan, this view is still referred to as liberalism.

← Older revision	Revision as of 02:08, November 1, 2022
(No difference)

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Classical liberalism''' (also called '''laissez-faire liberalism''') is a term used to describe the philosophy developed by early liberals from the [[Enlightenment]] until [[John Stuart Mill]] as well as its revival in the 20th century by [[Friedrich Hayek]] and [[Milton Friedman]], among others. This contemporary restatement of classical liberalism is sometimes called "new liberalism" or "neo-liberalism"
+'''Classical liberalism''' (also called '''laissez-faire liberalism''') is a term used to describe the philosophy developed by early liberals from the [[Enlightenment]] until [[John Stuart Mill]] as well as its revival in the 20th century by [[Friedrich Hayek]] and [[Milton Friedman]], among others. This contemporary restatement of classical liberalism is sometimes called "new liberalism" or "neo-liberalism." Modern [[liberal]]s reject classical liberalism in favor of [[socialism]].<ref>Vance, Laurence M. (December 27, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/print-magazine/item/34256-review-of-for-a-new-liberalism Review of “For a New Liberalism”]. ''The New American''. Retrieved December 27, 2019.</ref>
-This political philosophy supports [[individual rights]] as pre-existing the state, and views the state as an entity which exists to protect those inherent rights. This can be ensured by a [[constitution]] or other such framework which protects individual autonomy and property from other individuals and governmental power (including economic power). The normative core of classical liberalism is the idea that in an environment of laissez-faire governance, a natural order of cooperation in exchanging goods and services emerges which satisfies human goals and desires.
+This political philosophy supports [[individual rights]] as pre-existing the state, and views the state as an entity that exists to protect those inherent rights. This can be ensured by a [[constitution]] or another such framework that protects individual autonomy and property from other individuals and governmental power (including economic power). The normative core of classical liberalism is the idea that in an environment of laissez-faire governance, a natural order of cooperation in exchanging goods and services emerges which satisfies human goals and desires.
 ==The term "Classical" and modern change in meaning==
-The qualification "classical" has been applied in retrospect to distinguish the early 19th century laissez-faire form of liberalism from modern interventionist social liberalism. The terminology is most applicable in the United States, because modern American liberalism is closer identified with [[social democracy]].
+The qualification "classical" has been applied in retrospect to distinguish the early 19th-century laissez-faire form of liberalism from modern interventionist social liberalism. The terminology is most applicable in the United States because modern American liberalism is closely identified with [[social democracy]].
 ==Change in meaning==
@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 The substantial core of Classical liberalism has historically been a blend of [[political liberalism]] and [[economic liberalism]] derived from Enlightenment thinkers such as [[Thomas Hobbes]], [[John Locke]], [[Adam Smith]], [[Voltaire]], [[John Stuart Mill]], and [[Immanuel Kant]].
-Many elements of this ideology developed in the 17th and 18th centuries, and it is often seen as being the natural ideology of the industrial revolution and its subsequent capitalist system. The early liberal figures now described as "classical liberals" rejected many foundational assumptions which dominated most earlier theories of government, such as the Divine Right of Kings, hereditary status, and established religion and focuses on individual freedom, reason, justice and tolerance. Such thinkers and their ideas helped to inspire the American Revolution and French Revolution.
+Many elements of this ideology developed in the 17th and 18th centuries, and it is often seen as being the natural ideology of the industrial revolution and its subsequent capitalist system. The early liberal figures now described as "classical liberals" rejected many foundational assumptions that dominated most earlier theories of government, such as the Divine Right of Kings, hereditary status, and established religion and focuses on individual freedom, reason, justice, and tolerance. Such thinkers and their ideas helped to inspire the American Revolution and the French Revolution.
 This interpretation of liberalism arose during the [[Enlightenment]], and became influential through the [[American Revolution]] and [[French Revolution]], and was also spread in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries by the [[classical economists]].<ref name="economyprofessor.com">http://www.economyprofessor.com/economictheories/economic-liberalism.php</ref>
 Classical liberalism is the primary [[ideology]] behind politics in the United States. Both modern American [[liberalism]] and [[conservatism]] are branches of classical liberalism, as they both seek to promote individual freedom, though in different ways.
 ==Libertarianism==
@@ Line 40: / Line 33: @@
 *Sexual freedom
 *[[Equal rights]] independent of race or sex
 == British Liberalism ==
@@ Line 80: / Line 67: @@
 * Nozick, Robert.  ''Anarchy State and Utopia'' (2001), advanced
 *Stigler, George Joseph. ''Memoirs of an Unregulated Economist'' (1988), autobiography of leader of Chicago School of Economics
 ==References==
-<references />
+{{reflist}}
 [[Category:Liberalism]]
 [[Category:Conservatives]]
 [[Category:Libertarianism]]
 [[Category:Liberal Conservatism]]

@@ Line 59: / Line 59: @@
 * Filler, Louis. ''Dictionary of American Conservatism'' Philosophical Library, (1987)
 * Frohnen, Bruce et al. eds. ''American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia'' (2006), the most detailed reference
-* Genovese, Eugene. ''The Southern Tradition: The Achievement and Limitations of an American Conservatism'' (1994) [http://www.amazon.com/Southern-Tradition-Achievement-Limitations-Conservatism/dp/0674825284/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193685025&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
+* Genovese, Eugene. ''The Southern Tradition: The Achievement and Limitations of an American Conservatism'' (1994) [https://www.amazon.com/Southern-Tradition-Achievement-Limitations-Conservatism/dp/0674825284/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193685025&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
 * Gottfried, Paul. ''The Conservative Movement'' (1993).
 * Guttman, Allan. ''The Conservative Tradition in America'' Oxford University Press, 1967.
-* Judis, John B. ''William F. Buckley, Jr.: Patron Saint of the Conservatives'' (1988) [http://www.amazon.com/William-F-Buckley-Jr-Conservatives/dp/0743217977/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1207759425&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
+* Judis, John B. ''William F. Buckley, Jr.: Patron Saint of the Conservatives'' (1988) [https://www.amazon.com/William-F-Buckley-Jr-Conservatives/dp/0743217977/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1207759425&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
 * Kirk, Russell. ''The Conservative Mind''. (7th ed. 2001). highly influential history of ideas [http://www.historyebook.org/ online at ACLS e-books]
 * Lora, Ronald. ''Conservative Minds in America'' (1976).
-* Nash, George.  ''The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America Since 1945'' (1978, 2006) influential history. [http://www.amazon.com/Conservative-Intellectual-Movement-America-Since/dp/1933859121/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193686344&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
+* Nash, George.  ''The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America Since 1945'' (1978, 2006) influential history. [https://www.amazon.com/Conservative-Intellectual-Movement-America-Since/dp/1933859121/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193686344&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
 * Nisbet, Robert A. ''Conservatism: Dream and Reality.'' U. of Minnesota Press, 1986.
 * Smant, Kevin J. ''Principles and Heresies: Frank S. Meyer and the Shaping of the American Conservative Movement'' (2002)
@@ Line 73: / Line 73: @@
 * Boaz, David. ''Libertarianism: A Primer'' (1998) 320pp.
 * Doherty, Brian. ''Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement'' (2007), popular
-* Ebenstein, Lanny. ''Milton Friedman: A Life'' (2007), full-scale biography, 186pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Milton-Friedman-Biography-Lanny-Ebenstein/dp/1403976279/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193686193&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
+* Ebenstein, Lanny. ''Milton Friedman: A Life'' (2007), full-scale biography, 186pp. [https://www.amazon.com/Milton-Friedman-Biography-Lanny-Ebenstein/dp/1403976279/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193686193&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
 * [http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/Essay.php?recordID=0789  Foner, Eric. "Radical Individualism in America: Revolution to Civil War,"  ''Literature of Liberty,'' vol. 1 no. 3, 1978 pp 1-31  online]
 * Hayek, F. A. ''The Constitution of Liberty'' (1978). 580pp