Exalted Cyclops - Revision history

LT: /* Second Klan */

2022-12-12T19:44:01Z

Second Klan

LT: /* Second Klan */

2022-12-12T19:42:59Z

Second Klan

LT: /* Second Era */

2022-12-12T19:40:01Z

Second Era

LT: redundant, self-evident, and/or already specified

2022-12-12T19:39:32Z

redundant, self-evident, and/or already specified

LT at 19:37, December 12, 2022

2022-12-12T19:37:47Z

LT at 19:37, December 12, 2022

2022-12-12T19:37:19Z

RobSmith at 23:10, October 12, 2021

2021-10-12T23:10:26Z

Northwest: Info added

2020-02-09T13:45:49Z

Info added

RobSmith: /* See also */

2019-02-22T03:05:53Z

RobSmith at 01:07, February 22, 2019

2019-02-22T01:07:47Z

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 The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Inc. which existed from 1915 to 1944, elaborated on the original prescript in its Kloran and in the constitution and by-laws adopted in 1922.{{fact}} Some titles and jurisdictional designations were carried over from the [[Reconstruction]] prescripts intact or slightly modified, and others were original with Imperial Wizard Simmons.
-In Massachusetts, it was exposed by ''Hearst's International'' that prominent birth control activist [[Lothrop Stoddard]], an outspoken white supremacist, was an Exalted Cyclops of the state's Klan.<ref>1923. [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Hearst_s_International/MwLnAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=lothrop+stoddard+exalted+cyclops&pg=RA1-PA10&printsec=frontcover Hearst's International: Vol. 44], p. 10. ''Google Books''. Retrieved December 12, 2022.</ref> Historian David M. Chalmers writes that sound evidence confirms Stoddard's KKK membership.<ref>Chalmers, David M. (1987). [https://archive.org/details/hoodedamericanis00chal/page/270 Hooded Americanism: The History of the Ku Klux Klan], pp. 270–71. ''Internet Archive''. Retrieved December 12, 2022.</ref>
+In Massachusetts, it was exposed by ''Hearst's International'' that prominent birth control activist [[Lothrop Stoddard]], an outspoken white supremacist, was an Exalted Cyclops of the state's Klan.<ref>1923. [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Hearst_s_International/MwLnAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=lothrop+stoddard+exalted+cyclops&pg=RA1-PA10&printsec=frontcover Hearst's International: Vol. 44], p. 10. ''Google Books''. Retrieved December 12, 2022.</ref> (see also: [[Birth control and racism]]) Historian David M. Chalmers writes that sound evidence confirms Stoddard's KKK membership.<ref>Chalmers, David M. (1987). [https://archive.org/details/hoodedamericanis00chal/page/270 Hooded Americanism: The History of the Ku Klux Klan], pp. 270–71. ''Internet Archive''. Retrieved December 12, 2022.</ref>
 ==Jurisdiction==

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 ==Second Klan==
 The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Inc. which existed from 1915 to 1944, elaborated on the original prescript in its Kloran and in the constitution and by-laws adopted in 1922.{{fact}} Some titles and jurisdictional designations were carried over from the [[Reconstruction]] prescripts intact or slightly modified, and others were original with Imperial Wizard Simmons.
 ==Jurisdiction==

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 The Exalted Cyclops presides over the Council of the Centaurs and writes quarterly reports to the Grand Giant. In the Klan hierarchy, each local chapter, or Klavern, is led by an Exalted Cyclops. This member is typically elected by his fellow Klansmen and serves a one-year term. According to the original (1867 Prescript of the Ku Klun Klan<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=2j4OAAAAIAAJ&lpg=PA145&ots=ArW14d4Ydt&dq=grand%2520exchequer%2520kkk&pg=PA133%23v=onepage&q&f=false#v=onepage&q&f=false Ku Klux Klan: Its Origin, Growth and Disbandment], John C. Lester, Daniel Love Wilson, Neale Publishing Company, 1905.</ref>) the Exalted Cyclops reports to a Grand Giant, or provincial leader; a Grand Dragon, or state director; and the Grand Wizard, or national chair. Below the Cyclops on the org chart were the Grand Magi, the Grand Monk, the Grand Exchequer, the Grand Turk, and, finally, the rank-and-file members known as Ghouls or Knights. (Many of these titles have changed over time, and most of the sub-Cyclops ranks have been eliminated.) The Exalted Cyclops' responsibilities include presiding over Klavern meetings, initiating new members, and appointing Councils of Centaurs—that's Klan-speak for a jury—to try and punish wayward Ghouls.<ref>https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2010/06/robert-byrd-was-an-exalted-cyclops-in-the-ku-klux-klan-what-does-that-mean.html</ref>
-==Second Era==
+==Second Klan==
-The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Inc. which existed from 1915 to 1944, elaborated on the original prescript in its [[Kloran]] and in the constitution and by-laws adopted in 1922. Some titles and jurisdictional designations were carried over from the [[Reconstruction]] prescripts intact or slightly modified, and others were original with Imperial Wizard Simmons.
+The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Inc. which existed from 1915 to 1944, elaborated on the original prescript in its Kloran and in the constitution and by-laws adopted in 1922.{{fact}} Some titles and jurisdictional designations were carried over from the [[Reconstruction]] prescripts intact or slightly modified, and others were original with Imperial Wizard Simmons.
 ==Jurisdiction==

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:39, December 12, 2022
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−	[[File:Kkk-carpetbagger-cartoon.jpg\|right\|300px\|thumb\|A cartoon threatening that the KKK will lynch [[scalawag]]s (left) and [[carpetbagger]]s (right) on March 4, 1869, the day President Grant takes office. Tuscaloosa, Alabama, ''Independent Monitor'', September 1, 1868. A full-scale scholarly history analyzes the cartoonː Guy W. Hubbs, ''Searching for Freedom after the Civil War: Klansman, Carpetbagger, Scalawag, and Freedman'' (2015).<ref>Hubbs, Guy W. (May 15, 2015). [https://books.google.com/books?id=KIVoCQAAQBAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s "Searching for Freedom after the Civil War: Klansman, Carpetbagger, Scalawag, and Freedman"]. University Alabama Press.</ref> ~~Note that the initials "KKK" are written on the side of a donkey, which is also the mascot of the Democrat Party, for which the KKK served as its original terrorist wing.~~]]	+	[[File:Kkk-carpetbagger-cartoon.jpg\|right\|300px\|thumb\|A cartoon threatening that the KKK will lynch [[scalawag]]s (left) and [[carpetbagger]]s (right) on March 4, 1869, the day President Grant takes office. Tuscaloosa, Alabama, ''Independent Monitor'', September 1, 1868. A full-scale scholarly history analyzes the cartoonː Guy W. Hubbs, ''Searching for Freedom after the Civil War: Klansman, Carpetbagger, Scalawag, and Freedman'' (2015).<ref>Hubbs, Guy W. (May 15, 2015). [https://books.google.com/books?id=KIVoCQAAQBAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s "Searching for Freedom after the Civil War: Klansman, Carpetbagger, Scalawag, and Freedman"]. University Alabama Press.</ref>]]
	The '''Exalted Cyclops''' is a position within the [[hierarchy]] of the [[Ku Klux Klan]], the oldest militant [[terrorist]] arm of the [[American]] [[Democratic Party]].<ref><small>Historian [[Eric Foner]] observed: "In effect, the Klan was a [[military]] force serving the interests of the Democratic party, the planter class, and all those who desired restoration of [[white supremacy]]. Its purposes were [[political]], but political in the broadest sense, for it sought to affect power relations, both public and private, throughout Southern society. It aimed to reverse the interlocking changes sweeping over [[the South]] during Reconstruction: to destroy the [[Republican party]]'s infrastructure, undermine the Reconstruction state, reestablish control of the black labor force, and restore [[racial]] subordination in every aspect of Southern life."</small>Eric Foner, ''Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877'' (1988), p. 425–426.</ref>		The '''Exalted Cyclops''' is a position within the [[hierarchy]] of the [[Ku Klux Klan]], the oldest militant [[terrorist]] arm of the [[American]] [[Democratic Party]].<ref><small>Historian [[Eric Foner]] observed: "In effect, the Klan was a [[military]] force serving the interests of the Democratic party, the planter class, and all those who desired restoration of [[white supremacy]]. Its purposes were [[political]], but political in the broadest sense, for it sought to affect power relations, both public and private, throughout Southern society. It aimed to reverse the interlocking changes sweeping over [[the South]] during Reconstruction: to destroy the [[Republican party]]'s infrastructure, undermine the Reconstruction state, reestablish control of the black labor force, and restore [[racial]] subordination in every aspect of Southern life."</small>Eric Foner, ''Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877'' (1988), p. 425–426.</ref>

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[File:Kkk-carpetbagger-cartoon.jpg|right|300px|thumb|A cartoon threatening that the KKK will lynch [[scalawag]]s (left) and [[carpetbagger]]s (right) on March 4, 1869, the day President Grant takes office. Tuscaloosa, Alabama, ''Independent Monitor'', September 1, 1868. A full-scale scholarly history analyzes the cartoonː Guy W. Hubbs, ''Searching for Freedom after the Civil War: Klansman, Carpetbagger, Scalawag, and Freedman'' (2015).<ref>Hubbs, Guy W. (May 15, 2015). [https://books.google.com/books?id=KIVoCQAAQBAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s "Searching for Freedom after the Civil War: Klansman, Carpetbagger, Scalawag, and Freedman"]. University Alabama Press.</ref> Note that the initials "KKK" are written on the side of a donkey, which is also the mascot of the Democrat Party, for which the KKK served as its original terrorist wing.]]
-The '''Exalted Cyclops''' is a position within the [[hierarchy]] of the [[Ku Klux Klan]]. The Ku Klux Klan is the oldest the militant [[terrorist]] arm of the [[American]] [[Democratic Party]].<ref><small>Historian [[Eric Foner]] observed: "In effect, the Klan was a [[military]] force serving the interests of the Democratic party, the planter class, and all those who desired restoration of [[white supremacy]]. Its purposes were [[political]], but political in the broadest sense, for it sought to affect power relations, both public and private, throughout Southern society. It aimed to reverse the interlocking changes sweeping over [[the South]] during Reconstruction: to destroy the [[Republican party]]'s infrastructure, undermine the Reconstruction state, reestablish control of the black labor force, and restore [[racial]] subordination in every aspect of Southern life."</small>Eric Foner, ''Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877'' (1988), p. 425–426.</ref>
+The '''Exalted Cyclops''' is a position within the [[hierarchy]] of the [[Ku Klux Klan]], the oldest militant [[terrorist]] arm of the [[American]] [[Democratic Party]].<ref><small>Historian [[Eric Foner]] observed: "In effect, the Klan was a [[military]] force serving the interests of the Democratic party, the planter class, and all those who desired restoration of [[white supremacy]]. Its purposes were [[political]], but political in the broadest sense, for it sought to affect power relations, both public and private, throughout Southern society. It aimed to reverse the interlocking changes sweeping over [[the South]] during Reconstruction: to destroy the [[Republican party]]'s infrastructure, undermine the Reconstruction state, reestablish control of the black labor force, and restore [[racial]] subordination in every aspect of Southern life."</small>Eric Foner, ''Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877'' (1988), p. 425–426.</ref>
 ==Position==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[File:Kkk-carpetbagger-cartoon.jpg|right|300px|thumb|A cartoon threatening that the KKK will lynch [[scalawag]]s (left) and [[carpetbagger]]s (right) on March 4, 1869, the day President Grant takes office. Tuscaloosa, Alabama, ''Independent Monitor'', September 1, 1868. A full-scale scholarly history analyzes the cartoonː Guy W. Hubbs, ''Searching for Freedom after the Civil War: Klansman, Carpetbagger, Scalawag, and Freedman'' (2015).<ref>Hubbs, Guy W. (May 15, 2015). [https://books.google.com/books?id=KIVoCQAAQBAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s "Searching for Freedom after the Civil War: Klansman, Carpetbagger, Scalawag, and Freedman"]. University Alabama Press.</ref>]]
+[[File:Kkk-carpetbagger-cartoon.jpg|right|300px|thumb|A cartoon threatening that the KKK will lynch [[scalawag]]s (left) and [[carpetbagger]]s (right) on March 4, 1869, the day President Grant takes office. Tuscaloosa, Alabama, ''Independent Monitor'', September 1, 1868. A full-scale scholarly history analyzes the cartoonː Guy W. Hubbs, ''Searching for Freedom after the Civil War: Klansman, Carpetbagger, Scalawag, and Freedman'' (2015).<ref>Hubbs, Guy W. (May 15, 2015). [https://books.google.com/books?id=KIVoCQAAQBAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s "Searching for Freedom after the Civil War: Klansman, Carpetbagger, Scalawag, and Freedman"]. University Alabama Press.</ref> Note that the initials "KKK" are written on the side of a donkey, which is also the mascot of the Democrat Party, for which the KKK served as its original terrorist wing.]]
-The '''Exalted Cyclops''' is a position within the [[hierarchy]] of the [[Ku Klux Klan]]. The Ku Klux Klan is the militant [[terrorist]] arm of the [[American]] [[Democratic party]].<ref><small>Historian [[Eric Foner]] observed: "In effect, the Klan was a [[military]] force serving the interests of the Democratic party, the planter class, and all those who desired restoration of [[white supremacy]]. Its purposes were [[political]], but political in the broadest sense, for it sought to affect power relations, both public and private, throughout Southern society. It aimed to reverse the interlocking changes sweeping over [[the South]] during Reconstruction: to destroy the [[Republican party]]'s infrastructure, undermine the Reconstruction state, reestablish control of the black labor force, and restore [[racial]] subordination in every aspect of Southern life."</small>Eric Foner, ''Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877'' (1988), p. 425–426.</ref>
+The '''Exalted Cyclops''' is a position within the [[hierarchy]] of the [[Ku Klux Klan]]. The Ku Klux Klan is the militant [[terrorist]] arm of the [[American]] [[Democratic Party|Democrat Party]].<ref><small>Historian [[Eric Foner]] observed: "In effect, the Klan was a [[military]] force serving the interests of the Democratic party, the planter class, and all those who desired restoration of [[white supremacy]]. Its purposes were [[political]], but political in the broadest sense, for it sought to affect power relations, both public and private, throughout Southern society. It aimed to reverse the interlocking changes sweeping over [[the South]] during Reconstruction: to destroy the [[Republican party]]'s infrastructure, undermine the Reconstruction state, reestablish control of the black labor force, and restore [[racial]] subordination in every aspect of Southern life."</small>Eric Foner, ''Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877'' (1988), p. 425–426.</ref>
 ==Position==
@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 ==Duties==
-Groups of Klansmen were commissioned for "special activities." A Wrecking Crew is an action squad commissioned to take physical action against enemies and wayward members of the Klan. Depending on time and organization, these groups consisted of 5 to 8 members and were authorized either by the klokann, the Exalted Cyclops and/or the Kludd. Sometimes led by the Nighthawk. An action taken by the crew is wrecked. Some names used by wrecking crews include "Secret Six", "Ass-tear Squad" and "Holy terrors.".<ref>Michael and Judy Ann Newton eds. ''The Ku Klux Klan; an encyclopedia'', Garland Reference Library of the Social Science Vol.499, London and New York; Garland Publishing Inc. 1991, p.623.</ref><ref>Anti-Defamation League Danger: Extremism; New York; Anti-Defamation League 1996 e p.393.</ref>
+Groups of Klansmen were commissioned for "special activities." A Wrecking Crew is an action squad commissioned to take physical action against enemies and wayward members of the Klan. Depending on time and organization, these groups consisted of five to eight members and were authorized either by the Klokann, the Exalted Cyclops and/or the Kludd. Sometimes led by the Nighthawk. An action taken by the crew is wrecked. Some names used by wrecking crews include "Secret Six", "Ass-tear Squad" and "Holy terrors.".<ref>Michael and Judy Ann Newton eds. ''The Ku Klux Klan; an encyclopedia'', Garland Reference Library of the Social Science Vol.499, London and New York; Garland Publishing Inc. 1991, p.623.</ref><ref>Anti-Defamation League Danger: Extremism; New York; Anti-Defamation League 1996 e p.393.</ref>
 ==See also==
@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 {{reflist}}
-[[category:Democratic Party]][[Category:Hate Groups]][[Category:Terrorism]]
+[[category:Democratic Party]]

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 *[[Majority Leader]]
 *[[Caucus]]
 ==References==

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:07, February 22, 2019
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	[[File:Kkk-carpetbagger-cartoon.jpg\|right\|300px\|thumb\|A cartoon threatening that the KKK will lynch [[scalawag]]s (left) and [[carpetbagger]]s (right) on March 4, 1869, the day President Grant takes office. Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Independent Monitor, September 1, 1868. A full-scale scholarly history analyzes the cartoonː Guy W. Hubbs, Searching for Freedom after the Civil War: Klansman, Carpetbagger, Scalawag, and Freedman (2015).<ref>Hubbs, Guy W. (May 15, 2015). [https://books.google.com/books?id=KIVoCQAAQBAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s "Searching for Freedom after the Civil War: Klansman, Carpetbagger, Scalawag, and Freedman"]. University Alabama Press.</ref>]]	+	[[File:Kkk-carpetbagger-cartoon.jpg\|right\|300px\|thumb\|A cartoon threatening that the KKK will lynch [[scalawag]]s (left) and [[carpetbagger]]s (right) on March 4, 1869, the day President Grant takes office. Tuscaloosa, Alabama, ''Independent Monitor'', September 1, 1868. A full-scale scholarly history analyzes the cartoonː Guy W. Hubbs, ''Searching for Freedom after the Civil War: Klansman, Carpetbagger, Scalawag, and Freedman'' (2015).<ref>Hubbs, Guy W. (May 15, 2015). [https://books.google.com/books?id=KIVoCQAAQBAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s "Searching for Freedom after the Civil War: Klansman, Carpetbagger, Scalawag, and Freedman"]. University Alabama Press.</ref>]]
	The '''Exalted Cyclops''' is a position within the [[hierarchy]] of the [[Ku Klux Klan]]. The Ku Klux Klan is the militant [[terrorist]] arm of the [[American]] [[Democratic party]].<ref><small>Historian [[Eric Foner]] observed: "In effect, the Klan was a [[military]] force serving the interests of the Democratic party, the planter class, and all those who desired restoration of [[white supremacy]]. Its purposes were [[political]], but political in the broadest sense, for it sought to affect power relations, both public and private, throughout Southern society. It aimed to reverse the interlocking changes sweeping over [[the South]] during Reconstruction: to destroy the [[Republican party]]'s infrastructure, undermine the Reconstruction state, reestablish control of the black labor force, and restore [[racial]] subordination in every aspect of Southern life."</small>Eric Foner, ''Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877'' (1988), p. 425–426.</ref>		The '''Exalted Cyclops''' is a position within the [[hierarchy]] of the [[Ku Klux Klan]]. The Ku Klux Klan is the militant [[terrorist]] arm of the [[American]] [[Democratic party]].<ref><small>Historian [[Eric Foner]] observed: "In effect, the Klan was a [[military]] force serving the interests of the Democratic party, the planter class, and all those who desired restoration of [[white supremacy]]. Its purposes were [[political]], but political in the broadest sense, for it sought to affect power relations, both public and private, throughout Southern society. It aimed to reverse the interlocking changes sweeping over [[the South]] during Reconstruction: to destroy the [[Republican party]]'s infrastructure, undermine the Reconstruction state, reestablish control of the black labor force, and restore [[racial]] subordination in every aspect of Southern life."</small>Eric Foner, ''Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877'' (1988), p. 425–426.</ref>