Global Positioning System - Revision history

DavidB4: applications

2025-05-26T09:33:06Z

applications

DavidB4: /* GPS receivers */ updating with newer information, improving flow.

2025-05-26T09:20:57Z

GPS receivers: updating with newer information, improving flow.

DavidB4: similar systems

2025-05-26T07:50:42Z

similar systems

DavidB4-bot: HTTP --> HTTPS #3, replaced: http://web.archive.org → https://web.archive.org (2), http://www.foxnews.com → https://www.foxnews.com

2019-04-09T14:23:05Z

HTTP --> HTTPS #3, replaced: http://web.archive.org → https://web.archive.org (2), http://www.foxnews.com → https://www.foxnews.com

DavidB4-bot: /* Further reading */HTTP --> HTTPS [#1], replaced: http://books.google.com → https://books.google.com (2)

2018-09-26T17:00:15Z

Further reading: HTTP --> HTTPS [#1], replaced: http://books.google.com → https://books.google.com (2)

DavidB4-bot: /* top */HTTPS/HTTP

2018-09-10T12:01:31Z

top: HTTPS/HTTP

DavidB4-bot: /* top */HTTP --> HTTPS, replaced: http://www.foxnews.com → https://www.foxnews.com

2018-09-09T16:21:34Z

top: HTTP --> HTTPS, replaced: http://www.foxnews.com → https://www.foxnews.com

SamHB: /* GPS Receivers */ clock synchronization

2017-03-07T18:08:55Z

GPS Receivers: clock synchronization

Gentenaar: Typo

2017-03-07T17:53:32Z

Typo

SamHB: Still removing TAR, years later! And remove not-family-friendly abbreviation.

2017-03-07T17:50:41Z

Still removing TAR, years later! And remove not-family-friendly abbreviation.

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:33, May 26, 2025
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	GPS receivers require that the clocks on the satellites be exquisitely well calibrated. The reason is that an error of 5 microseconds in the clock synchronization will lead to a position error of one mile. Achieving this accuracy requires that the clocks compensate for both the effects of [[special relativity]] (7 milliseconds per day) and [[general relativity]] (45 milliseconds per day in the opposite direction), leading to a total required correction of 38 milliseconds per day.<ref>http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~pogge/Ast162/Unit5/gps.html</ref>		GPS receivers require that the clocks on the satellites be exquisitely well calibrated. The reason is that an error of 5 microseconds in the clock synchronization will lead to a position error of one mile. Achieving this accuracy requires that the clocks compensate for both the effects of [[special relativity]] (7 milliseconds per day) and [[general relativity]] (45 milliseconds per day in the opposite direction), leading to a total required correction of 38 milliseconds per day.<ref>http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~pogge/Ast162/Unit5/gps.html</ref>
		+
		+	===GPS routing applications===
		+	When smartphones, tablets, and similar digital devices are equipped with a GPS receiver, they can then utilize a number of different applications. There are many options, but some are as follows:
		+	*Google maps (requires an internet connection)
		+	*Waze (Now owned by Google, requires an internet connection)
		+	*Apple Maps (Offline compatible)
		+	*Magic Earth (Offline compatible)
		+	*Organic Maps (Offline)
		+	*OsmAnd (Offline)

	==Similar systems==		==Similar systems==

@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 ==GPS receivers==
-GPS receivers are an extremely fast and easy way to navigate. With the ability to tell you where you are, where you're heading, how to get there, and where just about anything else is they are tough to beat for convenience. It is easy to come to rely on GPS with all of its features and convenience, but it is important to remember that like any other electronic device it may fail. While the GPS network itself it very robust, requiring little more than regular corrections from ground based stations, GPS receivers are small relatively fragile devices than may break or run out of power.
+GPS receivers offer a fast and easy way to navigate, track locations, and more. By monitoring exact distances from multiple fixed GPS satellites, the receiver can continuously calculate its position, and therefore extrapolate its relative movement on all three axes of movement. When this data is fed into a GPS router system, a user can be provided with step-by-step navigational directions for driving, shipping, and more.
-The most common use of GPS receivers is for automobile navigation, where devices from companies like Garmin and Tomtom are extremely popular.  But these devices can also be used by people on foot, such as for hiking, orienteering, and geocaching.  But, being complex electronic devices, their reliability is not as good as a plain old [[map]] and [[compass]].
+A very common use of GPS receivers is for automobile navigation. Dedicated devices from companies like Garmin and Tomtom are available, and some vehicles have GPS navigation systems integrated into the infotainment system. However, many people use the GPS navigation capabilities built into modern [[smartphone]]s. Many router applications require an active internet connection, but some also work independently. Such smartphones and dedicated devices can also be used by people on foot, such as for hiking, orienteering, and geocaching.  But, being complex electronic devices, their reliability is not as good as a plain old [[map]] and [[compass]]. It is easy to come to rely on GPS with all of its features and convenience, but of course like any other electronic device, such systems may fail. While the GPS network itself it very robust, requiring little more than regular corrections from ground based stations, GPS receivers are small relatively fragile devices than may break or run out of power. Of course, hostile actions from enemy nations can also cause disruptions and problems, such as Russian jamming of GPS signals during their 2024 invasion of Ukraine.
 GPS receivers require that the clocks on the satellites be exquisitely well calibrated.  The reason is that an error of 5 microseconds in the clock synchronization will lead to a position error of one mile.  Achieving this accuracy requires that the clocks compensate for both the effects of [[special relativity]] (7 milliseconds per day) and [[general relativity]] (45 milliseconds per day in the opposite direction), leading to a total required correction of 38 milliseconds per day.<ref>http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~pogge/Ast162/Unit5/gps.html</ref>

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 Until 1985, the eleven ''Block I'' satellites were built. This number was increased until 1989 by the ''Block II'' satellites. GPS today uses 24 satellites and numerous ground stations.
-==GPS Receivers==
+==GPS receivers==
 GPS receivers are an extremely fast and easy way to navigate. With the ability to tell you where you are, where you're heading, how to get there, and where just about anything else is they are tough to beat for convenience. It is easy to come to rely on GPS with all of its features and convenience, but it is important to remember that like any other electronic device it may fail. While the GPS network itself it very robust, requiring little more than regular corrections from ground based stations, GPS receivers are small relatively fragile devices than may break or run out of power.
@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 GPS receivers require that the clocks on the satellites be exquisitely well calibrated.  The reason is that an error of 5 microseconds in the clock synchronization will lead to a position error of one mile.  Achieving this accuracy requires that the clocks compensate for both the effects of [[special relativity]] (7 milliseconds per day) and [[general relativity]] (45 milliseconds per day in the opposite direction), leading to a total required correction of 38 milliseconds per day.<ref>http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~pogge/Ast162/Unit5/gps.html</ref>
 ==See also==

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 The system was developed by the US [[Department of Defense]] and made available to the general public in 1983 under orders of [[Ronald Reagan|President Reagan]]. GPS for civilian use used to include a mechanism called Selective Availability that intentionally limited the accuracy of GPS, a mechanism originally intended to confuse potential enemies who might launch a missile attack, but Selective Availability was disabled in 2000, and appears unlikely to be reinstated in the foreseeable future.
-Prosecutors are now using data from GPS units to convict criminals. Authorities can analyse data from the GPS units to establish a defendant's whereabouts or to track suspects.<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,413041,00.html Small GPS Devices Help Prosecutors Win Convictions], Associated Press, ''Fox News'', August 28, 2008</ref>
+Prosecutors are now using data from GPS units to convict criminals. Authorities can analyse data from the GPS units to establish a defendant's whereabouts or to track suspects.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,413041,00.html Small GPS Devices Help Prosecutors Win Convictions], Associated Press, ''Fox News'', August 28, 2008</ref>
 == History ==
@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 * [http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=GPS USCG Navigation Center]—Status of the GPS constellation, government policy, and links to other references; includes satellite [[almanac]] data.
 * [http://gps.losangeles.af.mil/ The GPS Program Office (GPS Wing)]—Responsible for designing and acquiring the system on behalf of the United States Government.
-* U.S. Army Corps of Engineers manual: [http://web.archive.org/web/20080822132227/http://www.usace.army.mil/publications/eng-manuals/em1110-1-1003/toc.htm NAVSTAR HTML] and [http://web.archive.org/web/20080625111519/http://www.usace.army.mil/publications/eng-manuals/em1110-1-1003/entire.pdf PDF (22.6 MB, 328 pages)]
+* U.S. Army Corps of Engineers manual: [https://web.archive.org/web/20080822132227/http://www.usace.army.mil/publications/eng-manuals/em1110-1-1003/toc.htm NAVSTAR HTML] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20080625111519/http://www.usace.army.mil/publications/eng-manuals/em1110-1-1003/entire.pdf PDF (22.6 MB, 328 pages)]
 * [http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/orbits/ National Geodetic Survey] Orbits for the Global Positioning System satellites in the Global Navigation Satellite System
 * [http://www.relativityscience.com/explaining_relativity_of_time.shtml Relativity Science Calculator: Explaining Global Positioning System ( GPS )]

@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 ==Further reading==
-*{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/?id=lvI1a5J_4ewC|title=The global positioning system|author=Parkinson; Spilker|publisher=American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics|isbn=978-1-56347-106-3|year=1996}}
+*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=lvI1a5J_4ewC|title=The global positioning system|author=Parkinson; Spilker|publisher=American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics|isbn=978-1-56347-106-3|year=1996}}
-*{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/?id=t1lBTH42mOcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=GPS+and+GALILEO#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=GPS and Galileo|author=Jaizki Mendizabal; Roc Berenguer; Juan Melendez|publisher=McGraw Hill|isbn=978-0-07-159869-9|year=2009}}
+*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=t1lBTH42mOcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=GPS+and+GALILEO#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=GPS and Galileo|author=Jaizki Mendizabal; Roc Berenguer; Juan Melendez|publisher=McGraw Hill|isbn=978-0-07-159869-9|year=2009}}
 *{{cite book|title=The American Practical Navigator – Chapter 11 ''Satellite Navigation''|author=Nathaniel Bowditch|publisher=United States government|year=2002}}
 * [http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-540-principles-of-the-global-positioning-system-spring-2012/ Global Positioning System] Open Courseware from [[MIT]], 2012

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:08, March 7, 2017
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	The most common use of GPS receivers is for automobile navigation, where devices from companies like Garmin and Tomtom are extremely popular. But these devices can also be used by people on foot, such as for hiking, orienteering, and geocaching. But, being complex electronic devices, their reliability is not as good as a plain old [[map]] and [[compass]].		The most common use of GPS receivers is for automobile navigation, where devices from companies like Garmin and Tomtom are extremely popular. But these devices can also be used by people on foot, such as for hiking, orienteering, and geocaching. But, being complex electronic devices, their reliability is not as good as a plain old [[map]] and [[compass]].
		+
		+	GPS receivers require that the clocks on the satellites be exquisitely well calibrated. The reason is that an error of 5 microseconds in the clock synchronization will lead to a position error of one mile. Achieving this accuracy requires that the clocks compensate for both the effects of [[special relativity]] (7 milliseconds per day) and [[general relativity]] (45 milliseconds per day in the opposite direction), leading to a total required correction of 38 milliseconds per day.<ref>http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~pogge/Ast162/Unit5/gps.html</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 GPS receivers are an extremely fast and easy way to navigate. With the ability to tell you where you are, where you're heading, how to get there, and where just about anything else is they are tough to beat for convenience. It is easy to come to rely on GPS with all of its features and convenience, but it is important to remember that like any other electronic device it may fail. While the GPS network itself it very robust, requiring little more than regular corrections from ground based stations, GPS receivers are small relatively fragile devices than may break or run out of power.
-That is why [[maps]] and [[compass]] are two of the two most essential pieces of navigation gear that one should carry. GPS devices and [[cell phone]]s with [[Google]] maps may breakdown or run out of [[battery|batteries]] during an [[emergency]], [[disaster]] or a [[Post Apocalyptic World]] - [[SHTF]] - [[TEOTWAWKI]] event. Also the sun isn't always shining, and it takes a great deal of time and effort to learn to stellar navigation, however a map and compass will continue to work until your break or lose them.
+The most common use of GPS receivers is for automobile navigation, where devices from companies like Garmin and Tomtom are extremely poular.  But these devices can also be used by people on foot, such as for hiking, orienteering, and geocaching.  But, being complex electronic devices, their reliability is not as good as a plain old [[map]] and [[compass]].
 ==See also==
@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 * [[Orienteering]]
 * [[Geocaching]]
 ==Further reading==