Group of Twenty - Revision history

RobSmith: /* External links */

2024-05-30T05:33:20Z

External links

RobSmith: /* External links */

2024-05-30T05:00:37Z

External links

RobSmith: /* Member countries and leaders */

2023-09-10T19:45:37Z

Member countries and leaders

RobSmith at 19:41, September 10, 2023

2023-09-10T19:41:01Z

United States: adding!

2020-12-06T18:52:21Z

adding!

United States: adding!

2020-12-06T18:49:03Z

adding!

United States: Linking United States.

2020-12-01T20:58:05Z

Linking United States.

DavidB4-bot: /* World economic reform mapped */HTTP --> HTTPS [#1], replaced: http://www.nytimes.com → https://www.nytimes.com

2018-09-26T17:08:58Z

World economic reform mapped: HTTP --> HTTPS [#1], replaced: http://www.nytimes.com → https://www.nytimes.com

1990'sguy at 14:56, January 10, 2018

2018-01-10T14:56:02Z

Aschlafly: improved and updated

2017-03-18T18:48:35Z

improved and updated

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:33, May 30, 2024
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	[[Category:International Political Organizations]]		[[Category:International Political Organizations]]
−	~~[[Category:Foreign Affairs]]~~

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:00, May 30, 2024
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	[[Category:International Political Organizations]]		[[Category:International Political Organizations]]
−	[[Category:~~International Relations~~]]	+	[[Category:Foreign Affairs]]

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 There have also been two heads-of-government meetings of the G-20, in November 2008 and April 2009.
-===Member countries and leaders===
-*[[Argentina]], under [[Alberto Fernández]]
+*[[Argentina]],
-*[[Australia]], under [[Scott Morrison]]
+*[[Australia]],
-*[[Brazil]], under [[Jair Bolsonaro]]
+*[[Brazil]],
-*[[Canada]], under [[Justin Trudeau]]
+*[[Canada]],
-*[[China]], under [[Xi Jinping]]
+*[[China]],
-*[[France]], under [[Emmanuel Macron]]
+*[[France]],
-*[[Germany]], under [[Angela Merkel]]
+*[[Germany]],
-*[[India]], under [[Narendra Modi]]
+*[[India]],
-*[[Indonesia]], under [[Joko Widodo]]
+*[[Indonesia]],
-*[[Italy]], under [[Giuseppe Conte]]
+*[[Italy]],
-*[[Japan]], under [[Yoshihide Suga]]
+*[[Japan]],
-*[[Mexico]], under [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]]
+*[[Mexico]],
-*[[Russia]], under [[Vladimir Putin]]
+*[[Russia]],
-*[[Saudi Arabia]], under [[Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud]]
+*[[Saudi Arabia]],
-*[[South Africa]], under [[Cyril Ramaphosa]]
+*[[South Africa]],
-*[[South Korea]], under [[Moon Jae-in]]
+*[[South Korea]],
-*[[Turkey]], under [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]]
+*[[Turkey]],
-*[[United Kingdom]], under [[Boris Johnson]]
+*[[United Kingdom]],
-*[[United States]], under [[Donald Trump]]
+*[[United States]],
-*[[European Union]], under [[Charles Michel]] and [[Ursula von der Leyen]]
+*[[European Union]],
 ==See also==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 The '''Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors''' (also known as the '''"G-20"''') is an international forum that promotes discussion and offers policy suggestions among the nations having the 20 largest economies, supposedly with the goal of promoting global economic stability and growth.  Its recommendations are not binding.
-The first meeting of the G-20 attended by the [[Trump Administration]] wrapped up its discussions on March 18, 2017, in Baden-Baden, [[Germany]].  Trump's representative, Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin, rejected a proposed joint statement promoting [[free trade]] between G-20 countries.
+The inaugural meeting of the G-20 took place in Berlin, on 15–16 December 1999, hosted by the German and Canadian finance ministers. It was created in response to the financial crises which occurred towards the end of the 1990s. In addition, it offered a platform for the largest emerging-market economies, which had previously been excluded from forums such as the Group of Eight [[G-8]].
-The inaugural meeting of the G-20 took place in Berlin, on 15–16 December 1999, hosted by the German and Canadian finance ministers. It was created in response to the financial crises which occurred towards the end of the 1990s. In addition, it offered a platform for the largest emerging-market economies, which had previously been excluded from forums such as the Group of Eight [[G-8]].
+The United States and the [[European Union]]'s egregious use of sanctions against [[Russia]] and [[China]] has fractured the foundation of the G20 and created a growing movement among the largest countries (in terms of population) who no longer are willing to submit to the U.S. using the [[Petrodollar]] system to punish them.
-The G-20 announced in Sept. 2009 that it will become the permanent council for international economic cooperation, eclipsing the Group of Eight.
+==2009 summit==
 The G-20 in 2009 agreed to a far-reaching effort to revamp the economic system and impose much tighter regulation over financial institutions, complex financial instruments and executive pay. The new policies, if implemented, could lead to major changes and more outside scrutiny over the economic strategies of individual countries, including the United States.<ref>Edmund L. Andrews, "Group of 20 Agrees on Far-Reaching Economic Plan," [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/26/world/26summit.html?th&emc=th ''New York Times'' Sept. 25, 2009]</ref>
@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 The United States will be expected to increase its savings rate, reduce its trade deficit and address its huge budget deficit. Countries like China, Japan and Germany will be expected to reduce their dependence on exports by promoting more consumer spending and investment at home.
 ==Membership==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 The '''Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors''' (also known as the '''"G-20"''') is an international forum that promotes discussion and offers policy suggestions among the nations having the 20 largest economies, supposedly with the goal of promoting global economic stability and growth.  Its recommendations are not binding.
-The first meeting of the G-20 attended by the [[Trump Administration]] wrapped up its discussions on March 18, 2017, in Baden-Baden, [[Germany]].  Trump's representative, Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin, rejected a proposed joint statement promoting so-called [[free trade]].
+The first meeting of the G-20 attended by the [[Trump Administration]] wrapped up its discussions on March 18, 2017, in Baden-Baden, [[Germany]].  Trump's representative, Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin, rejected a proposed joint statement promoting [[free trade]] between G-20 countries.
 The inaugural meeting of the G-20 took place in Berlin, on 15–16 December 1999, hosted by the German and Canadian finance ministers. It was created in response to the financial crises which occurred towards the end of the 1990s. In addition, it offered a platform for the largest emerging-market economies, which had previously been excluded from forums such as the Group of Eight [[G-8]].
@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 There have also been two heads-of-government meetings of the G-20, in November 2008 and April 2009.
-===Member countries===
+===Member countries and leaders===
 *[[Argentina]], under [[Alberto Fernández]]
 *[[Australia]], under [[Scott Morrison]]

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 ===Member countries===
-[[Argentina]], [[Australia]], [[Brazil]], [[Canada]], [[China]], [[France]], [[Germany]], [[India]], [[Indonesia]], [[Italy]], [[Japan]], [[Mexico]], [[Russia]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[South Africa]], [[South Korea]], [[Turkey]], the [[United Kingdom]] and the United States, and the [[European Union]].
+[[Argentina]], [[Australia]], [[Brazil]], [[Canada]], [[China]], [[France]], [[Germany]], [[India]], [[Indonesia]], [[Italy]], [[Japan]], [[Mexico]], [[Russia]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[South Africa]], [[South Korea]], [[Turkey]], the [[United Kingdom]] and the [[United States]], and the [[European Union]].
 ==See also==

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 ==World economic reform mapped==
-The G-20 in 2009 agreed to a far-reaching effort to revamp the economic system and impose much tighter regulation over financial institutions, complex financial instruments and executive pay. The new policies, if implemented, could lead to major changes and more outside scrutiny over the economic strategies of individual countries, including the United States.<ref>Edmund L. Andrews, "Group of 20 Agrees on Far-Reaching Economic Plan," [http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/26/world/26summit.html?th&emc=th ''New York Times'' Sept. 25, 2009]</ref>
+The G-20 in 2009 agreed to a far-reaching effort to revamp the economic system and impose much tighter regulation over financial institutions, complex financial instruments and executive pay. The new policies, if implemented, could lead to major changes and more outside scrutiny over the economic strategies of individual countries, including the United States.<ref>Edmund L. Andrews, "Group of 20 Agrees on Far-Reaching Economic Plan," [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/26/world/26summit.html?th&emc=th ''New York Times'' Sept. 25, 2009]</ref>
 One goal is to reduce the immense trade imbalances between export-dominated countries like China and Japan and debt-laden countries like the United States, which has long been the world’s most willing consumer.

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:48, March 18, 2017
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	The '''Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors''' (also known as the '''"G-20"''') is an international forum that promotes discussion and offers policy suggestions among 20 ~~major countries on key issues related to~~ global economic stability. Its recommendations are not binding.	+	The '''Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors''' (also known as the '''"G-20"''') is an international forum that promotes discussion and offers policy suggestions among the nations having the 20 largest economies, supposedly with the goal of promoting global economic stability and growth. Its recommendations are not binding.
		+
		+	The first meeting of the G-20 attended by the [[Trump Administration]] wrapped up its discussions on March 18, 2017, in Baden-Baden, [[Germany]]. Trump's representative, Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin, rejected a proposed joint statement promoting so-called [[free trade]].

	The inaugural meeting of the G-20 took place in Berlin, on 15–16 December 1999, hosted by the German and Canadian finance ministers. It was created in response to the financial crises which occurred towards the end of the 1990s. In addition, it offered a platform for the largest emerging-market economies, which had previously been excluded from forums such as the Group of Eight [[G-8]].		The inaugural meeting of the G-20 took place in Berlin, on 15–16 December 1999, hosted by the German and Canadian finance ministers. It was created in response to the financial crises which occurred towards the end of the 1990s. In addition, it offered a platform for the largest emerging-market economies, which had previously been excluded from forums such as the Group of Eight [[G-8]].