IPA - Revision history

DavidB4-bot: /* References */clean up

2016-06-23T20:46:16Z

‎References: clean up

DavidE: /* Other Uses */ spelling

2011-09-23T17:33:00Z

‎Other Uses: spelling

EdBot: Category:International Organizations

2008-04-06T22:30:48Z

Category:International Organizations

Jazzman831: other uses

2007-08-30T21:52:01Z

other uses

Aziraphale: categorize

2007-07-17T00:05:48Z

categorize

Fox at 13:44, May 30, 2007

2007-05-30T13:44:32Z

Fox at 13:43, May 30, 2007

2007-05-30T13:43:56Z

Boethius at 19:38, March 22, 2007

2007-03-22T19:38:17Z

Boethius: replaced spoof with brief accurate statement

2007-03-22T19:38:03Z

replaced spoof with brief accurate statement

Abed-shaytaan at 19:36, March 22, 2007

2007-03-22T19:36:23Z

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 <references/>
-[[category:linguistics]]
+[[Category:Linguistics]]
 [[Category:International Organizations]]

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 ==Other Uses==
-IPA is a common shorthand term for isopropal alcohol (the branched configuration of [[propanol]]).
+IPA is a common shorthand term for isopropyl alcohol (the branched configuration of [[propanol]]).
 ==External links==

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:30, April 6, 2008
Line 19:		Line 19:

	[[category:linguistics]]		[[category:linguistics]]
−	[[~~category~~:~~international organizations~~]]	+	[[Category:International Organizations]]

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 ==Handbook downloads==
 *[http://web.uvic.ca/ling/resources/ipa/handbook_downloads.htm In various languages] University of Victoria, B.C. Canada
 ==External links==

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:05, July 17, 2007
Line 14:		Line 14:

	<references/>		<references/>
		+
		+	[[category:linguistics]]
		+	[[category:international organizations]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[Image:IPA_alphabet_chart.jpg|right|thumb|300px|The IPA alphabet chart]]
-IPA is the ''International Phonetic Association'', and their ''International Phonetic Alphabet'' shares that abbreviation. The association was established in 1886 in [[Paris]].
+The '''IPA''' is the ''International Phonetic Association'', and their ''International Phonetic Alphabet'' shares that abbreviation. The association was established in 1886 in [[Paris]].
 The aim of the IPA is to promote the scientific study of phonetics and the various practical applications of that science through the provision of a notational standard for the phonetic representation of all languages.<ref>[http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/IPA/index.html The IPA homepage]</ref>

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:43, May 30, 2007
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	IPA is the ''International Phonetic Association'', and their ''International Phonetic Alphabet'' shares that abbreviation.	+	[[Image:IPA_alphabet_chart.jpg\|right\|thumb\|300px\|The IPA alphabet chart]]
		+	IPA is the ''International Phonetic Association'', and their ''International Phonetic Alphabet'' shares that abbreviation. The association was established in 1886 in [[Paris]].

−	~~{{stub}}~~	+	The aim of the IPA is to promote the scientific study of phonetics and the various practical applications of that science through the provision of a notational standard for the phonetic representation of all languages.<ref>[http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/IPA/index.html The IPA homepage]</ref>
		+
		+	==Handbook downloads==
		+	*[http://web.uvic.ca/ling/resources/ipa/handbook_downloads.htm In various languages] University of Victoria, B.C. Canada
		+
		+	==External links==
		+	*[http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/IPA/index.html IPA homepage]
		+
		+
		+	==References==
		+
		+	<references/>

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:38, March 22, 2007
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	IPA is the ''International Phonetic ~~Assembly~~'', and their ''International Phonetic Alphabet'' shares that abbreviation.	+	IPA is the ''International Phonetic Association'', and their ''International Phonetic Alphabet'' shares that abbreviation.

	{{stub}}		{{stub}}

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-IPA is the ''International Phonetistic Assembly'', and their ''International Phonetistic Alphabeta'' shares that abbreviation. The IPA is used in text books, dictionaries as well as in the IPA Bible, a phonetic realization of the [[Bible|Holy Bible]]. The IPA is divided into consonants, vowels and consonant-vowels. IPA is often written between square hooks: [].
+IPA is the ''International Phonetic Assembly'', and their ''International Phonetic Alphabet'' shares that abbreviation.
-== Consonants ==
+{{stub}}
-Consonants are pronounced in the mouth. They are often harsher and sharper than vowels. Consonants occur in all the world’s languages, except in Western Angola.<ref>Chomsky, Noam (1964), ''Economical consequences of syndicalistic agriculture in the Oioae region of Angola.''</ref>
-−
-Consonants are often said to be placed on a ''lingual continuum'', meaning that all parts of the tongue can be used to create consonantical sounds. Eg. the tongue touches the teeth in sounds like [t] and [s], it touches the palate in sounds like [y] and in languages like Arabic and Belgian, the entire tongue is temporarily swallowed to pronounce sounds such as the infamous Arabic ''ayin''.
-−
-== Vowels ==
-Vowels are pronounced in the mouth and the nose. They are very soft and spongy.<ref>Ladefoged and Chomsky (1966), ''The three levels of sponginess in Western Shaka-Shamaka vowels.''</ref> Vowels are actually quite rare in the world’s languages outside of Europe, and during the Soviet era, they were banned in Caucasus, rendering languages such as [[Ubykh]] totally without vowels.<ref>Dumézil, G. (1975) ''Le verbe oubykh: études descriptives et comparatives.'' Imprimerie Nationale: Paris.</ref>
-−
-Vowels can be classified depending on the shape of the diaphragm, lung, tongue and lips. This is why is it so hard to talk and chew at the same time: there is simply too much vibration. The most common distinction between vowels is the position of the tongue on a vertico-horizontal scale inside the mouth (jocularly referred to as the ''buccal tongue hideout''). This can be illustrated thus:
-−
-{| class="wikitable"
-|+ '''Vowel dimensionistics'''
-|-
-−
-!Front
-!Central
-!Back
-|-
-!Non-low
-| ee
-| Ø
-| oo
-|-
-!Low
-| ai
-| aar
-| ou
-|}
-−
-In other languages, vowels like ''ie'' and ''oe'' are added.<ref>Bopp, Franz (1910), ''Weiche vokalen im Kara-Kora.''</ref>
-−
-== Consonant-vowels ==
-Some consonants are soft, therefore they are ordered under "consonant-vowels", as suggested by Franz Bopp in 1910.<ref>Hrozný, B. (1933), ''Two unusual vowels in the Panangarangasaaqil language of France.''</ref>
-−
-== References ==
-<references/>

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:36, March 22, 2007
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	IPA is the ''International Phonetistic Assembly'', and their ''International Phonetistic Alphabeta'' shares that abbreviation.	+	IPA is the ''International Phonetistic Assembly'', and their ''International Phonetistic Alphabeta'' shares that abbreviation. The IPA is used in text books, dictionaries as well as in the IPA Bible, a phonetic realization of the [[Bible\|Holy Bible]]. The IPA is divided into consonants, vowels and consonant-vowels. IPA is often written between square hooks: [].
		+
		+	== Consonants ==
		+	Consonants are pronounced in the mouth. They are often harsher and sharper than vowels. Consonants occur in all the world’s languages, except in Western Angola.<ref>Chomsky, Noam (1964), ''Economical consequences of syndicalistic agriculture in the Oioae region of Angola.''</ref>
		+
		+	Consonants are often said to be placed on a ''lingual continuum'', meaning that all parts of the tongue can be used to create consonantical sounds. Eg. the tongue touches the teeth in sounds like [t] and [s], it touches the palate in sounds like [y] and in languages like Arabic and Belgian, the entire tongue is temporarily swallowed to pronounce sounds such as the infamous Arabic ''ayin''.
		+
		+	== Vowels ==
		+	Vowels are pronounced in the mouth and the nose. They are very soft and spongy.<ref>Ladefoged and Chomsky (1966), ''The three levels of sponginess in Western Shaka-Shamaka vowels.''</ref> Vowels are actually quite rare in the world’s languages outside of Europe, and during the Soviet era, they were banned in Caucasus, rendering languages such as [[Ubykh]] totally without vowels.<ref>Dumézil, G. (1975) ''Le verbe oubykh: études descriptives et comparatives.'' Imprimerie Nationale: Paris.</ref>
		+
		+	Vowels can be classified depending on the shape of the diaphragm, lung, tongue and lips. This is why is it so hard to talk and chew at the same time: there is simply too much vibration. The most common distinction between vowels is the position of the tongue on a vertico-horizontal scale inside the mouth (jocularly referred to as the ''buccal tongue hideout''). This can be illustrated thus:
		+
		+	{\| class="wikitable"
		+	\|+ '''Vowel dimensionistics'''
		+	\|-
		+	!
		+	!Front
		+	!Central
		+	!Back
		+	\|-
		+	!Non-low
		+	\| ee
		+	\| Ø
		+	\| oo
		+	\|-
		+	!Low
		+	\| ai
		+	\| aar
		+	\| ou
		+	\|}
		+
		+	In other languages, vowels like ''ie'' and ''oe'' are added.<ref>Bopp, Franz (1910), ''Weiche vokalen im Kara-Kora.''</ref>
		+
		+	== Consonant-vowels ==
		+	Some consonants are soft, therefore they are ordered under "consonant-vowels", as suggested by Franz Bopp in 1910.<ref>Hrozný, B. (1933), ''Two unusual vowels in the Panangarangasaaqil language of France.''</ref>
		+
		+	== References ==
		+	<references/>