Inertial Navigation System - Revision history

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2008-07-03T16:40:48Z

BertSchlossberg: New page: ==The Inertial Navigation System== Prior to the commercial use of the GPS (Global Positioning System), the most common navigational system in use for international passenger flights was t...

2008-05-31T19:18:37Z

New page: ==The Inertial Navigation System== Prior to the commercial use of the GPS (Global Positioning System), the most common navigational system in use for international passenger flights was t...

New page

==The Inertial Navigation System==
Prior to the commercial use of the GPS (Global Positioning System), the most common navigational system in use for international passenger flights was the Inertial Navigation System (INS). Whereas the LORAN (Long Range Navigation) system used navigational aids external to the aircraft ("master" land station and two or more "slave" stations transmitting low or medium intersecting signals), INS was entirely internally based using gyroscopes and accelerometers (which detect changes in an aircraft's motion in any direction in reference to the gyroscopic lines) which minutely and continuously (seven times a second) adjusted through the automatic pilot the aircraft in flight - taking into account the changing wind, velocity, weight and other conditions. An aircraft using INS was guided by preflight insertion of up to nine navigational "waypoints". If more were need, number 10 and subsequent were inserted during the flight replacing entries overflown and "vacated". Three independent but electrically linked INS units were generally installed in a passenger plane - two active and "'redundant" with displays for pilot and co-pilot and one "hot spare". Each unit is comprised of three sub-units:

1. An Inertial Navigation Unit which senses both the horizon and the variousmovements of the aircraft as it performs the necessary computations to guide the plane along its desired track. The INU is housed in the electronics bay of the aircraft.

2. A Control Display Unit, containing digital readout windows for navigationaldata as well as pilot data entry options. The CDU is located in the flightdeck.

3. A Mode Selection Unit, used for navigational mode engagement. The MSU is located on the flight deck.

A famous incident involving a passenger plane that strayed from its INS guided flight path was the shootdown by the Soviets of Korean Airlines Flight 007 - shot down west of Sakhalin Island in 1983. Either the pilots had failed to switch from Magnetic Heading to INS, or did so but out of the maximum range of 7 1/2 Nautical Miles from the "desired track". This mistake may have lead to the shootdown itself. It was due to KAL 007's deviation from its route while using INS that President Reagan authorized GPS to be used for non-military navigational purposes

==See Also==
*[[Korean Airlines Flight 007]]
*[[KAL 007: Its Deviated Flight Until Attack]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:53, January 24, 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	~~Page corrected~~ by ~~Anon~~	+	The '''Inertial Navigation System''' (INS) was the most common navigational system in use for international passenger flights prior to the commercial use of the GPS (Global Positioning System). Whereas the LORAN (Long Range Navigation) system used navigational aids external to the aircraft ("master" land station and two or more "slave" stations transmitting low or medium intersecting signals), INS was entirely internally based using [[gyroscope]]s and accelerometers, which detect changes in an aircraft's motion in any direction in reference to the gyroscopic lines, that minutely and continuously (seven times a second) adjusted through the automatic pilot the aircraft in flight, taking into account the changing wind, [[velocity]], weight, and other conditions. An aircraft using INS was guided by preflight insertion of up to nine navigational "waypoints". If more were needed, number 10 and subsequent were inserted during the flight replacing entries overflown and "vacated". Three independent but electrically linked INS units were generally installed in a passenger plane - two active and "'redundant" with displays for pilot and co-pilot and one "hot spare". Each unit is comprised of three sub-units:
		+
		+	#An Inertial Navigation Unit which senses both the horizon and the various movements of the aircraft as it performs the necessary computations to guide the plane along its desired track. The INU is housed in the electronics bay of the aircraft.
		+	#A Control Display Unit, containing digital readout windows for navigational data as well as pilot data entry options. The CDU is located in the flightdeck.
		+	#A Mode Selection Unit, used for navigational mode engagement. The MSU is located on the flight deck.
		+
		+	A famous incident involving a passenger plane that strayed from its INS guided flight path was the shootdown by the Soviets of [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]], shot down west of Sakhalin Island in 1983. Either the pilots had failed to switch from Magnetic Heading to INS or did so out of the maximum range of 7 1/2 Nautical Miles from the "desired track". This mistake may have lead to the shootdown itself. It was due to KAL 007's deviation from its route while using INS that President Reagan authorized GPS to be used for non-military navigational purposes
		+
		+	==See Also==
		+	*[[Korean Airlines Flight 007]]
		+	*[[KAL 007: Its Deviated Flight Until Attack]]
		+	*[[How KAL 007 was Lost]]
		+
		+	[[Category:Navigation]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:48, January 24, 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	The '''Inertial Navigation System''' (INS) was the most common navigational system in use for international passenger flights prior to the commercial use of the GPS (Global Positioning System). Whereas the LORAN (Long Range Navigation) system used navigational aids external to the aircraft ("master" land station and two or more "slave" stations transmitting low or medium intersecting signals), INS was entirely internally based using [[gyroscope]]s and accelerometers, which detect changes in an aircraft's motion in any direction in reference to the gyroscopic lines, that minutely and continuously (seven times a second) adjusted through the automatic pilot the aircraft in flight, taking into account the changing wind, [[velocity]], weight, and other conditions. An aircraft using INS was guided by preflight insertion of up to nine navigational "waypoints". If more were needed, number 10 and subsequent were inserted during the flight replacing entries overflown and "vacated". Three independent but electrically linked INS units were generally installed in a passenger plane - two active and "'redundant" with displays for pilot and co-pilot and one "hot spare". Each unit is comprised of three sub-units:	+	Page corrected by Anon
−
−	#An Inertial Navigation Unit which senses both the horizon and the various movements of the aircraft as it performs the necessary computations to guide the plane along its desired track. The INU is housed in the electronics bay of the aircraft.
−	~~#A Control Display Unit, containing digital readout windows for navigational data as well as pilot data entry options. The CDU is located in the flightdeck.~~
−	~~#A Mode Selection Unit, used for navigational mode engagement. The MSU is located on the flight deck.~~
−
−	A famous incident involving a passenger plane that strayed from its INS guided flight path was the shootdown by the Soviets of [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]], shot down west of Sakhalin Island in 1983. Either the pilots had failed to switch from Magnetic Heading to INS or did so out of the maximum range of 7 1/2 Nautical Miles from the "desired track". This mistake may have lead to the shootdown itself. It was due to KAL 007's deviation from its route while using INS that President Reagan authorized GPS to be used for non-military navigational purposes
−
−	~~==See Also==~~
−	*[[Korean Airlines Flight 007]]
−	*[[KAL 007: Its Deviated Flight Until Attack]]
−	*[[How KAL 007 was Lost]]
−
−	~~[[Category:Navigation]]~~

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-==The Inertial Navigation System==
+The '''Inertial Navigation System''' (INS) was the most common navigational system in use for international passenger flights prior to the commercial use of the GPS (Global Positioning System). Whereas the LORAN (Long Range Navigation) system used navigational aids external to the aircraft ("master" land station and two or more "slave" stations transmitting low or medium intersecting signals), INS was entirely internally based using [[gyroscope]]s and accelerometers, which detect changes in an aircraft's motion in any direction in reference to the gyroscopic lines, that minutely and continuously (seven times a second) adjusted through the automatic pilot the aircraft in flight, taking into account the changing wind, [[velocity]], weight, and other conditions. An aircraft using INS was guided by preflight insertion of up to nine navigational "waypoints". If more were needed, number 10 and subsequent were inserted during the flight replacing entries overflown and "vacated". Three independent but electrically linked INS units were generally installed in a passenger plane - two active and "'redundant" with displays for pilot and co-pilot and one "hot spare". Each unit is comprised of three sub-units:
-. An Inertial Navigation Unit which senses both the horizon and the various movements of the aircraft as it performs the necessary computations to guide the plane along its desired track. The INU is housed in the electronics bay of the aircraft.
+#An Inertial Navigation Unit which senses both the horizon and the various movements of the aircraft as it performs the necessary computations to guide the plane along its desired track. The INU is housed in the electronics bay of the aircraft.
-. A Control Display Unit, containing digital readout windows for navigational data as well as pilot data entry options. The CDU is located in the flightdeck.
+A famous incident involving a passenger plane that strayed from its INS guided flight path was the shootdown by the Soviets of [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]], shot down west of Sakhalin Island in 1983. Either the pilots had failed to switch from Magnetic Heading to INS or did so out of the maximum range of 7 1/2 Nautical Miles from the "desired track". This mistake may have lead to the shootdown itself. It was due to KAL 007's deviation from its route while using INS that President Reagan authorized GPS to be used for non-military navigational purposes
 ==See Also==

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:40, July 3, 2008
Line 13:		Line 13:
	*[[Korean Airlines Flight 007]]		*[[Korean Airlines Flight 007]]
	*[[KAL 007: Its Deviated Flight Until Attack]]		*[[KAL 007: Its Deviated Flight Until Attack]]
		+	*[[How KAL 007 was Lost]]

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 A famous incident involving a passenger plane that strayed from its INS guided flight path was the shootdown by the Soviets of [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]], shot down west of Sakhalin Island in 1983. Either the pilots had failed to switch from Magnetic Heading to INS or did so out of the maximum range of 7 1/2 Nautical Miles from the "desired track". This mistake may have lead to the shootdown itself. It was due to KAL 007's deviation from its route while using INS that President Reagan authorized GPS to be used for non-military navigational purposes
-==See Also==
+==See also==
 *[[Korean Airlines Flight 007]]
 *[[KAL 007: Its Deviated Flight Until Attack]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==The Inertial Navigation System==
-Prior to the commercial use of the GPS (Global Positioning System), the most common navigational system in use for international passenger flights was the Inertial Navigation System (INS). Whereas the LORAN (Long Range Navigation) system used navigational aids external to the aircraft ("master" land station and two or more "slave" stations transmitting low or medium intersecting signals), INS was entirely internally based using gyroscopes and accelerometers (which detect changes in an aircraft's motion in any direction in reference to the gyroscopic lines) which minutely and continuously (seven times a second) adjusted through the automatic pilot the aircraft in flight - taking into account the changing wind, velocity, weight and other conditions. An aircraft using INS was guided by preflight insertion of up to nine navigational "waypoints". If more were need, number 10 and subsequent were inserted during the flight replacing entries overflown and "vacated". Three independent but electrically linked INS units were generally installed in a passenger plane - two active and "'redundant" with displays for pilot and co-pilot and one "hot spare". Each unit is comprised of three sub-units:
+Prior to the commercial use of the GPS (Global Positioning System), the most common navigational system in use for international passenger flights was the '''Inertial Navigation System''' (INS). Whereas the LORAN (Long Range Navigation) system used navigational aids external to the aircraft ("master" land station and two or more "slave" stations transmitting low or medium intersecting signals), INS was entirely internally based using [[gyroscope]]s and accelerometers (which detect changes in an aircraft's motion in any direction in reference to the gyroscopic lines) which minutely and continuously (seven times a second) adjusted through the automatic pilot the aircraft in flight - taking into account the changing wind, [[velocity]], weight and other conditions. An aircraft using INS was guided by preflight insertion of up to nine navigational "waypoints". If more were needed, number 10 and subsequent were inserted during the flight replacing entries overflown and "vacated". Three independent but electrically linked INS units were generally installed in a passenger plane - two active and "'redundant" with displays for pilot and co-pilot and one "hot spare". Each unit is comprised of three sub-units:
-. An Inertial Navigation Unit which senses both the horizon and the variousmovements of the aircraft as it performs the necessary computations to guide the plane along its desired track. The INU is housed in the electronics bay of the aircraft.
+. An Inertial Navigation Unit which senses both the horizon and the various movements of the aircraft as it performs the necessary computations to guide the plane along its desired track. The INU is housed in the electronics bay of the aircraft.
-. A Control Display Unit, containing digital readout windows for navigationaldata as well as pilot data entry options. The CDU is located in the flightdeck.
+. A Control Display Unit, containing digital readout windows for navigational data as well as pilot data entry options. The CDU is located in the flightdeck.
 . A Mode Selection Unit, used for navigational mode engagement. The MSU is located on the flight deck.
-A famous incident involving a passenger plane that strayed from its INS guided flight path was the shootdown by the Soviets of Korean Airlines Flight 007 - shot down west of Sakhalin Island in 1983. Either the pilots had failed to switch from Magnetic Heading to INS, or did so but out of the maximum range of 7 1/2 Nautical Miles from the "desired track". This mistake may have lead to the shootdown itself. It was due to KAL 007's deviation from its route while using INS that President Reagan authorized GPS to be used for non-military navigational purposes
+A famous incident involving a passenger plane that strayed from its INS guided flight path was the shootdown by the Soviets of [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]] - shot down west of Sakhalin Island in 1983. Either the pilots had failed to switch from Magnetic Heading to INS, or did so but out of the maximum range of 7 1/2 Nautical Miles from the "desired track". This mistake may have lead to the shootdown itself. It was due to KAL 007's deviation from its route while using INS that President Reagan authorized GPS to be used for non-military navigational purposes
 ==See Also==
@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 *[[KAL 007: Its Deviated Flight Until Attack]]
 *[[How KAL 007 was Lost]]