Nationalist Party - Revision history

RobSmith: wiki

2023-09-19T19:45:03Z

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‎References

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‎Second Sino-Japanese War

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chinese in box

PeterKa: name in Chinese

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name in Chinese

PeterKa: Chinese Nationalist Party

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Chinese Nationalist Party

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RobSmith at 15:10, August 14, 2020

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   | footnotes =
 }}
-The '''Chinese Nationalist Party''', or '''KMT''', was China's ruling party from 1927 until 1949. Led by [[Chiang Kai-shek]], the party fled to [[Taiwan]] when the Chinese Communists gained control of the mainland. Chiang continued to lead the party in Taiwan until his death in 1975. They party supports pan-Chinese nationalism, democracy, Chinese reunification, and capitalism under the doctrine of the "three principles of the people." The party had the support of the United States for many years beginning in the 1930s. The abbreviation "KMT" stands for "Kuomintang," an obsolete romanization of the party's Chinese name.
+The '''Chinese Nationalist Party''', or '''KMT''', was China's ruling party from 1927 until 1949. Led by [[Chiang Kai-shek]], the party fled to [[Taiwan]] when the Chinese Communists gained control of the mainland. Chiang continued to lead the party in Taiwan until his death in 1975. They party supports pan-Chinese nationalism, democracy, Chinese reunification, and capitalism under the doctrine of the "three principles of the people." The party had the support of the United States for many years beginning in the 1930s. The abbreviation "KMT" stands for "[[Kuomintang]]," an obsolete romanization of the party's Chinese name.
 {{language box
 |t=國民黨

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 ==References==
-<references/>
+{{reflist}}
 ==Bibliography==

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 ==Second Sino-Japanese War==
-{{Main|Second Sino-Japanese War}}
+:{{main|Second Sino-Japanese War|Chinese Communist collaboration with Japanese war criminals}}
 Meanwhile, an aggressive Japan invaded [[Manchuria]], an independent warlord-controlled area of northeast China rich in iron and coal deposits needed by Japanese industry and in March 1932 set up the [[puppet state]] of [[Manchukuo]]. On 24 February 1933, the [[League of Nations]] adopted a resolution calling for the non-recognition of Manchukuo, however the [[Soviet Union]] nonetheless did recognize Manchukuo and sold Japan the Chinese Eastern Railway in 1935. This Manchurian invasion was the beginning of [[World War II]] in Asia and is commonly referred to as the [[Mukden Incident]]. Japan followed this with an invasion of China in 1937 along the Yangtze River. The Chinese civil war stopped temporarily to defend against the Japanese invasion.  The Soviet Union brought 30 thousand Red army troops to Mongolia and stationed them along the southern and south-eastern border of Mongolia on the pretext of having found the Japanese plan of military occupation of Mongolia". At the same time, the Soviet leadership gave instructions to carry out mass arrests and the execution of several ten thousands of Mongolian government, party and army cadres on the pretext of "rooting out the spy organization."

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   | footnotes =
 }}
-The '''Chinese Nationalist Party''', or '''KMT''', was China's ruling party from 1927 until 1949. Led by [[Chiang Kai-shek]], the party fled to [[Taiwan]] when the Chinese Communists gained control of the mainland. Chiang continued to lead the party in Taiwan until his death in 1975. Until 1979, the U.S. recognized the KMT as the legitimate government of China. They party supports pan-Chinese nationalism, democracy, Chinese reunification, and capitalism under the doctrine of the "three principles of the people." The party had the support of the United States for many years beginning in the 1930s. The abbreviation "KMT" stands for "Kuomintang," an obsolete romanization of the party's Chinese name.
+The '''Chinese Nationalist Party''', or '''KMT''', was China's ruling party from 1927 until 1949. Led by [[Chiang Kai-shek]], the party fled to [[Taiwan]] when the Chinese Communists gained control of the mainland. Chiang continued to lead the party in Taiwan until his death in 1975. They party supports pan-Chinese nationalism, democracy, Chinese reunification, and capitalism under the doctrine of the "three principles of the people." The party had the support of the United States for many years beginning in the 1930s. The abbreviation "KMT" stands for "Kuomintang," an obsolete romanization of the party's Chinese name.
 {{language box
 |t=國民黨
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 }}The party has its roots with the Tongmenghui, a secret society founded by [[Sun Yat-sen]] in 1905. In 1912, this society combined with several smaller groups to form the Nationalist Party. Led by [[Song Jiaoren]], the party won a majority of the seats in the National Assembly election that year. Song was assasinated and his party dissolved in 1913. In 1919, Sun created the "Chinese Nationalist Party" to replace it. The party has continued in this form to the present. After Sun's death in 1925, the party launched the "Northern Expedition" under Chiang's leadership. Chiang defeated the warlords of the Beiyang clique and established a central government for China in [[Nanjing]].
-When the Nationalists were defeated by the Communists in 1949, the party, together with most government officials, much of the army, anti-communist political activists and many business and cultural leaders evacuated to Taiwan. Until 1971, the UN and most non-communists governments recognized the Nationalist government in Taipei as the legitimate government of China. In 1991, the Nationalists withdrew their claim to territory on the mainland. KMT leader Ma Ying-jeou was elected Taiwanese president in 2008 and reelected in 2012.
+When the Nationalists were defeated by the Communists in 1949, the party, together with most government officials, much of the army, anti-communist political activists and many business and cultural leaders evacuated to Taiwan. Until 1971, the UN and most non-communists governments recognized the Nationalist government in Taipei as the legitimate government of China. The U.S. recognized the Taipei as the government of China until 1979. In 1991, the Nationalists withdrew their claim to territory on the mainland. KMT leader Ma Ying-jeou was elected Taiwanese president in 2008 and reelected in 2012.
 The party is a member of the [[International Democrat Union]] and the [[Centrist Democrat International]].

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 {{PoliticalParty
-  | party_name = Chinese Nationalist Party<br/>中國國民黨<br/>Zhōngguó Guómíndǎng
+  | party_name = Chinese Nationalist Party
   | party_logo =
   | website = [http://www.kmt.org.tw/ kmt.org.tw]

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   | footnotes =
 }}
-The '''Chinese Nationalist Party''', or '''KMT''', was China's ruling party from 1927 until 1949. The party fled to [[Taiwan]] when the Communists gained control of the mainland. In recent years it has supported pan-Chinese nationalism, democracy, Chinese reunification, and capitalism under the doctrine of the "three principles of the people." The Nationalists ruled China from 1927 until 1949 and then moved to Taiwan. The party was led by [[Chiang Kai-shek]] from 1927 until his death in 1975. The party had the support of the United States beginning in the 1930s. The abbreviation "KMT" stands for "Kuomintang," an obsolete romanization of the party's Chinese name.{{language box
+The '''Chinese Nationalist Party''', or '''KMT''', was China's ruling party from 1927 until 1949. Led by [[Chiang Kai-shek]], the party fled to [[Taiwan]] when the Chinese Communists gained control of the mainland. Chiang continued to lead the party in Taiwan until his death in 1975. Until 1979, the U.S. recognized the KMT as the legitimate government of China. They party supports pan-Chinese nationalism, democracy, Chinese reunification, and capitalism under the doctrine of the "three principles of the people." The party had the support of the United States for many years beginning in the 1930s. The abbreviation "KMT" stands for "Kuomintang," an obsolete romanization of the party's Chinese name.
 |t=國民黨
 |s=国民党
 |p=Guómín Dǎng
 |w=Kuo-min Tang
-}}The party has its roots with the Tongmenghui, a secret society founded by [[Sun Yat-sen]] in 1905. In 1912, this society combined with several smaller groups to form the Nationalist Party. The party contested the election that year under the leadership of [[Song Jiaoren]]. Song was assasinated and his party dissolved in 1913. In 1919, Sun created the "Chinese Nationalist Party" to replace it. The party has continued in this form to the present. After Sun's death in 1925, the party launched the "Northern Expedition," defeated the warlords of the Beiyang clique, and established a central government for China in [[Nanjing]]. From 1927 to 1975, the party was led by [[Chiang Kai-shek]]. When the Nationalists were defeated by the Communists in 1949, the party, together with most government officials, much of the army, anti-communist political activists and many business and cultural leaders evacuated to Taiwan. Until 1971, the UN and most non-communists governments recognized the Nationalist government in Taipei as the legitimate government of China. In 1991, the Nationalists withdrew their claim to territory on the mainland. KMT leader Ma Ying-jeou was elected Taiwanese president in 2008 and reelected in 2012.
+}}The party has its roots with the Tongmenghui, a secret society founded by [[Sun Yat-sen]] in 1905. In 1912, this society combined with several smaller groups to form the Nationalist Party. Led by [[Song Jiaoren]], the party won a majority of the seats in the National Assembly election that year. Song was assasinated and his party dissolved in 1913. In 1919, Sun created the "Chinese Nationalist Party" to replace it. The party has continued in this form to the present. After Sun's death in 1925, the party launched the "Northern Expedition" under Chiang's leadership. Chiang defeated the warlords of the Beiyang clique and established a central government for China in [[Nanjing]].
 The party is a member of the [[International Democrat Union]] and the [[Centrist Democrat International]].
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 ==In China==
-Several anti-monarchist societies met in Tokyo under Sun's leadership to create the Tongmenghui on 20 August 1905. The group opposed the Qing dynasty and sought to modernize China along Japanese and Western lines. After the imperial government was toppled, a national election was scheduled in 1912. To contest this election, the Tongmenghui and several other groups combined to create the Nationalist Party. This party was led by [[Song Jiaoren]]. The party played a significant part in the first Chinese first National Assembly, where it was the majority party.
+Several anti-monarchist societies met in Tokyo under Sun's leadership to create the Tongmenghui on 20 August 1905. The group opposed the Qing dynasty and sought to modernize China along Japanese and Western lines. After the imperial government was toppled, a national election was scheduled in 1912. To contest this election, the Tongmenghui and several other groups combined to create the Nationalist Party. This party was led by [[Song Jiaoren]]. The party played a significant part in the National Assembly, where it was the majority party.
-In March 1913, Song was assassinated at Shanghai Railway Station. The gunman was hired by an underworld figure. Historians have concluded that the government of President [[Yuan Shikai]] (1859–1916) was responsible.
+In March 1913, Song was assassinated at Shanghai Railway Station. The gunman worked for a Shanghai underworld figure. Historians have concluded that the government of President [[Yuan Shikai]] (1859–1916) was responsible.
 ==Warlord period: 1913–1926==
 In July, the KMT staged a 'Second Revolution' to depose Yuan. This failed and the following crackdown by Yuan led to the dissolution of the KMT and to the exile of its leadership, mostly to Japan. To deal with the uprising, Yuan gave China's military governors emergency powers. This marked the beginning the Warlord Era of Chinese politics.
-Yuan tried and failed to make himself emperor of China. He died unexpectedly in 1916 and China fractured into various regions. This warlord era lasted for about ten years. The opium trade returned, irrigation failed, famine killed millions. Central rule was elusive. China sided with the Allies against Germany during [[World War I]] and offered some limited assistance. The goal was hoping to obtain the return of the cities that Germany controlled in China. Instead, the Treaty of Versailles gave that land to Japan. Feeling betrayed, the Chinese angrily demonstrated against that decision with the [[May Fourth Movement]], which the Nationalists supported.
+Yuan tried and failed to make himself emperor of China. He died unexpectedly in 1916. China fractured into regions led by various military governors. This warlord era lasted for about ten years. The opium trade returned, irrigation failed, famine killed millions. Central rule was elusive. China sided with the Allies against Germany during [[World War I]] and offered some limited assistance. The goal was hoping to obtain the return of the cities that Germany controlled in China. Instead, the Treaty of Versailles gave that land to Japan. Feeling betrayed, the Chinese angrily demonstrated against that decision with the [[May Fourth Movement]], which the Nationalists supported.
 In exile, Sun Yat-sen and other former Nationalists founded several revolutionary parties under various names but with little success. These parties were united by Sun in 1919 as the "Chinese Nationalist Party." The word "Chinese" was added to the name of the reorganized party to distinguish it from the original. The new party returned to Guangzhou in China in 1920 where it set up a government but failed to achieve control of all of China. After the death of Yuan Shikai in 1916, China fractured into many regions controlled by warlords.