Operating system kernel - Revision history

DavidB4-bot: /* External links */HTTP --> HTTPS, replaced: http://www.kernel.org → https://www.kernel.org

2019-04-03T14:57:48Z

External links: HTTP --> HTTPS, replaced: http://www.kernel.org → https://www.kernel.org

Eac at 21:01, November 19, 2018

2018-11-19T21:01:45Z

JDano: clarify

2016-04-22T20:19:23Z

clarify

JDano: clean up

2016-04-22T20:17:37Z

clean up

DavidB4: category tweak (manual of style)

2016-03-31T14:30:12Z

category tweak (manual of style)

DavidB4: fixed category to Operating Systems

2015-12-29T18:51:08Z

fixed category to Operating Systems

TheAmericanRedoubt: Added hyperlinks and Proof Read and Categories and See Also

2014-12-08T21:42:16Z

Added hyperlinks and Proof Read and Categories and See Also

AddisonDM: Operation system kernel moved to Operating system kernel

2009-02-04T02:11:39Z

Operation system kernel moved to Operating system kernel

AddisonDM at 02:11, February 4, 2009

2009-02-04T02:11:32Z

Foxtrot: move request (typo), cat

2009-01-19T03:36:27Z

move request (typo), cat

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 ==External links==
-*[http://www.kernel.org/ The Linux Kernel Archives]
+*[https://www.kernel.org/ The Linux Kernel Archives]
 *[http://www.linux-foundation.org/en/Main_Page The Linux Foundation]

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:01, November 19, 2018
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	In [[computer science]], the kernel is the part of the [[operating system]] through which the hardware and software communicate. The kernel also assigns time to threads. A well-designed kernel provides for reliability and security.	+	In [[computer science]], the kernel is the part of the [[operating system]] through which the hardware and software communicate. The kernel also assigns time to processes and/or threads, generally via a form of preemptive round-robin scheduling. A well-designed kernel provides for reliability and security. The terms "Monitor" and "Executive" have been used as synonyms for "Kernel", however those are now somewhat archaic terms.

	==References==		==References==

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:19, April 22, 2016
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	In [[computer science]], the kernel is the part of the [[operating system]] through which the hardware and software communicate. The kernel also assigns time to threads.	+	In [[computer science]], the kernel is the part of the [[operating system]] through which the hardware and software communicate. The kernel also assigns time to threads. A well-designed kernel provides for reliability and security.

	==References==		==References==

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:17, April 22, 2016
Line 1:		Line 1:
	In [[computer science]], the kernel is the part of the [[operating system]] through which the hardware and software communicate. The kernel also assigns time to threads.		In [[computer science]], the kernel is the part of the [[operating system]] through which the hardware and software communicate. The kernel also assigns time to threads.
−
−
−	~~==Prescient Quotes on Kernel-Level Operating System Surveillance==~~
−	* "The progress of [[science]] in furnishing the [[big government\|government]] with means of [[espionage]] is not likely to stop with [[wiretap]]ping. Ways may some day be developed by which the [[Police state\|government]], without removing papers from [[hard disk\|secret drawers]], can reproduce them in [[Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court\|court]], and by which it will be enabled to expose to a [[jury]] the most intimate occurrences of the home. Advances in the [[computer science\|psychic and related sciences]] may bring means of exploring unexpressed beliefs, thoughts and emotions. 'That places the [[liberty]] of every [[citizen\|man]] in the hands of every [[tyrant\|petty officer]]' was said by James Otis of much lesser [[tyranny\|intrusions]] than these. 1 To Lord Camden a far slighter intrusion seemed '[[subversive]] of all the comforts of society.' Can it be that the [[Constitution]] affords no [[Right to Privacy\|protection]] against such invasions of [[Fourth Amendment\|individual security]]?"
−	** [[Louis Brandeis]]''' (1856-1941), [[United States Supreme Court]] [[Associate Justice]] Dissenting, ''[[Olmstead v. United States]]'', 277 U.S. 438 (1928).
−
−	~~==See Also==~~
−	* [[Tails (operating system)\|Tails Anonymous Secure Operating System]]
−	* [[Linux]]
−	* [[Apple Computer]] [[MacOS]] for [[Apple Macintosh]]
−	* [[Mobile device]]s: [[Smartphones]] and [[tablet computer\|tablets]]
−	* [[Apple Computer\|Apple]] [[iOS]] for [[iPhone]]-[[iPod]]-[[iPad]]
−	* [[Android (operating system)\|Android]]
−	* [[BlackBerry OS\|Blackberry]]
−	* [[Microsoft]] [[Windows Phone]] with [[Windows 8]]
−	~~----~~
−	* '''[[Censorship]]:''' [[Tools of censorship]], [[Censorability]], [[Fairness Doctrine]], [[Liberal censorship]], [[Media censorship]]
−	~~----~~
−	* '''[[Perpetual war\|The Perpetual War]]:''' [[War on Drugs]], [[War on Terror]] and the [[Police state]]
−	* '''Domestic [[Mass surveillance\|Mass Surveillance]] of Law-Abiding [[Citizen]]s:''' via [[Utah Data Center]], [[PRISM]], [[NSA]]-[[DHS]]-[[BATF]]-[[FBI]]-[[CIA]] and other [[Intelligence agency\|Intelligence agencies]]' [[Computer surveillance]], [[Eavesdropping]], [[Data mining]], [[Spyware]], [[Wiretap]] - [[Roving wiretap]], [[Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act]] of the [[Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court]], [[NSA warrantless surveillance controversy]], [[National security letter]], [[Patriot Act]], [[NDAA]], [[Executive Order]]s, [[United States Census]], [[Common Core]], "[[Stasi]]"-like [[secret police]] "[[If You See Something, Say Something]]" [[informant]]s, and other exponential expansion of the [[Police State]]
−	* '''[[Asset forfeiture\|Asset Forfeiture]]:''' [[Confiscation]] for [[Police]] [[budget deficit]] via [[RICO]]
−	* '''[[Mililtarization of police\|Mililtarization of Police]]:''' [[SWAT]] and [[Pre-dawn raid\|Pre-dawn]] [[No-knock raid]]s, [[Sneak and peek warrant]]
−	* '''[[War on Drugs]]:''' [[Addiction]] and [[Drug trafficking]] of the [[Drug cartel]]s, [[Mafia]], [[Gangs]], [[Drug dealer]]s, [[Hollywood values]] - [[Fashion industry values]] - [[Public school values]] - [[Professor values]]
−	* '''[[Computer crime\|Computer Crime]] and [[Cyberwarfare]]:'''
−	** '''[[Hackers]]:''' [[China]], [[Russia]] and others
−	** [[Bradley Manning]] - [[Homosexual]] [[Hacker]] [[Traitor]] of [[State secret]]s
−	** [[Wikileaks]] and [[Julian Assange]] - [[Australia]]n [[leftist]] [[hacker]]
−	* '''Dangers of [[Social media\|Social Media]]:''' Facebook, Twitter, [[Google\|Google Plus]], [[YouTube]], [[Yahoo]]
−	* '''[[Big government\|Big Government]]''': [[ObamaCare]]-[[Common Core]]-[[Social Security]] [[Welfare state]] leads to [[Nanny state]], leads to '''[[Police state]]''': [[Globalist]]-[[Statist]]-[[Socialist]]-[[National Socialist]]-[[Communist]]
−	* '''[[Liberal totalitarianism\|Liberal Totalitarianism]]'''
−
−
−	~~'''Contrast with:'''~~
−
−	* '''[[Security]] [[Software]] and [[Security-focused operating systems\|Security-Focused Operating Systems]]''' to protect [[unalienable rights\|unalienable]] [[Fifth Amendment]] - [[Fourth Amendment]] [[Right to Privacy]] ([[Internet privacy]], [[Information privacy]], [[Expectation of privacy]]) and [[Second Amendment]] - [[First Amendment]] ([[Freedom of information]] and [[Political freedom]]) rights against [[unconstitutional]] [[Gun control]] - [[Internet censorship]] [[Big government]] [[Police state]], [[hackers]], and "[[5 U.S.C. § 3331\|all enemies, foreign and domestic]]" of [[American values\|American]] [[liberty]].
−	** '''[[Anonymity]] with [[Tails (operating system)\|Tails Operating System]]''': [[Linux]]-based with [[Tor (anonymity network)]], [[Firefox]] [[Iceweasel]] [[browser]], [[HTTPS Everywhere]] [[encryption]]
−	** '''[[Prism-break.org\|Prism-Break.org]]''': Opt out of global data [[surveillance]] programs like [[PRISM]], [[ECHELON]], [[XKeyscore]] and [[Tempora]].<ref>"Help make [[mass surveillance]] of entire populations uneconomical! We all have an [[unalienable right]] to [[privacy]], which you can exercise today by [[encrypting]] your communications and ending your reliance on proprietary products and services."</ref>
−	** '''[[Open source\|Open Source]] [[Free software]]''' not over-priced tracking by [[Microsoft]]-[[Apple]]-[[Google]]-[[Android]]
−	* '''[[Privacy search engines\|Privacy Search Engines]]: [[Duck Duck Go]]''' and [[Ixquick]]: [[Privacy]]-oriented [[Search engine]]s instead of tracking by [[Google]], [[Yahoo]] and [[Bing]]
−	* '''[[Internet anonymity\|Internet Anonymity]] - [[Right to be forgotten]] [[Pseudonymity]]''' ([[Pseudonym]]) using [[Anonymous web browsing]] with [[Tails]] and [[VPN]] ([[Virtual Private Network]]), [[HMA]], [[OpenVPN]] and [[IPsec]] , [[Proxy server]]s, [[Anonymizer]] ([[Anonymous proxies]])
−	** '''[[Mozilla Firefox]]''' with [[Browser extension]]s instead of [[Microsoft]] [[Internet Explorer]], [[Google Chrome]], [[Safari (web browser)]] and [[Opera (web browser)]]
−	** '''[[Browser security\|Browser Security]]''' via [[HTTPS Everywhere]] ([[HTTPS]] ([[HTTP Secure]]) instead of [[Plaintext]] ([[Cleartext]]) [[HTTP]]; and [[NoScript]] to stop [[JavaScript]]
−	** '''[[Ad filtering\|Ad Filtering]]''' ([[Privacy mode]] and [[Adblock Plus]] or [[Ghostery]]) to stop [[Ad tracking]] - [[Website visitor tracking]] via [[Geolocation]], [[Geotargeting]], [[Personally identifiable information]] and [[Device fingerprint]]s
−	* '''[[Internet safety\|Internet Safety]], [[Computer security\|Computer Security]] via [[Password strength]] and [[Password manager]]s''' via [[KeePass]] or [[LastPass]] and [[Antivirus]]-[[Firewall]]
−	* '''[[Secure communication\|Secure Communication]]:'''
−	** '''[[E-mail privacy\|E-mail Privacy]] and [[Email encryption\|Email Encryption]]:''' [[Claws Mail]] or [[Enigmail]] or [[Kontact]] using [[Hushmail]] or [[MyKolab]], [[Anonymous remailer]], instead of tracking by [[Microsoft Outlook]], [[Mozilla Thunderbird]] using [[Yahoo! Mail]], [[Gmail]] [[iCloud]]
−	** '''[[Secure messaging\|Secure Messaging]] and [[Off-the-Record Messaging]] via [[I2P]]''' [[Instant messaging]], [[Cryptocat]], [[Bitmessage]] instead of [[Skype]], [[Yahoo! Messenger]], [[Internet Relay Chat]], [[Google Plus]], Facebook
−	** '''[[Silent Phone]] with [[Silent Circle]]''' instead of [[Android]] or [[iPhone]] [[Smartphone]]
−	** '''[[OPSEC]]:''' "[[Loose lips sink ships]]"
−	* '''[[Encryption]]:''' [[Encryption software]], [[Disk encryption software]], [[LUKS]] or [[TrueCrypt]] instead of [[Microsoft]] [[BitLocker]], [[PGP]] and [[GNU Privacy Guard]], [[Data encryption]], [[Public-key encryption]], [[Cryptography]]-[[Cryptanalysis]]-[[Cryptology]]-[[Steganography]]
−	* '''[[Peer-to-peer\|Peer-to-Peer]]:''' [[Sneakernet]], [[Friend-to-friend]], [[Darknet (file sharing)]], [[Anonymous P2P]] instead of [[BitTorrent]]
−	* '''[[Deep Web]] - [[Dark Internet]]:''' [[Tor]], [[AmRD]], [[Tor2web]], [[The Hidden Wiki]], [[Anonymous blog]]
−	* '''[[Cryptocurrency]]-[[Digital currency\|Digital Currency]]-[[Alternative currency\|Alternative Currency]]-[[Virtual currency\|Virtual Currency]]: [[Bitcoin]]''' and [[Hard money]]-[[Precious metals]]-[[Tangibles]] versus [[PayPal]], [[Credit cards]] and [[inflation]]-prone [[Dollar (U.S.)\|U.S. Dolars]]: [[Federal Reserve System]]'s [[Keynesian economics]] [[Ponzi scheme]] of [[Quantitative easing]]-[[Debt monetization]] [[devaluation]] of [[Fiat currency]] through [[Money supply]]-[[Treasury bill]]s bought mostly by [[China]] and [[Japan]]
−	~~----~~
−	* '''[[Privacy resources\|Privacy Resources]]:'''
−	** ''[[Hologram of Liberty]]'' - The Constitution's Shocking Alliance With Big Government by [[Boston T. Party]] - [[Kenneth W. Royce]]
−	** ''[[One Nation, Under Surveillance]] - Privacy From the Watchful Eye'' by [[Boston T. Party]]
−	** ''[[How to Be Invisible]] - Protect Your Home, Your Children, Your Assets, and Your Life'', by [[J. J. Luna]]
−	** '''[[Electronic Frontier Foundation]]''' and [[Electronic Privacy Information Center]], [[Oath Keepers]], [[Judicial Watch]]
−	** '''[[Freedom of Information Act]]''', [[Electronic Communications Privacy Act]] of 1986 and [[Privacy Act of 1974]]
−	** '''[[Edward J. Snowden]] Revelations''' of [[unconstitutional]] domestic spying on law-abiding [[American]] [[citizen]]s; [[GlobaLeaks]]
−	~~----~~
−	* '''[[Crypto-libertarianism]] [[Limited government]]''' implies:
−	* [[Conservative values]], [[American values]] - [[Small town values]], [[American Patriots]] and [[Bill of Rights]] [[liberty]]
−	** [[Capitalism]] and [[Free enterprise]]
−	** [[Family values]] and [[Parental rights]]: [[Sanctity of life]], [[Family]]-[[Marriage]], [[Homeschooling]] teaching [[Virtue]], [[Patriotism]], [[Duty]], and [[Self-reliance]]
−
−	~~==External Links==~~
−	* https://charlescarrollsociety.com/2013/06/10/prism-yes-they-can
−	* https://charlescarrollsociety.com/2013/05/06/memo-to-the-police-state-progressives-please-let-his-people-go
−	* https://charlescarrollsociety.com/2012/09/15/no-knock-raid-a-great-video
−	* https://charlescarrollsociety.com/2014/02/12/amrd-t-a-i-l-s-plastic-gloves-for-your-computer-american-redoubt - [[Tails operating system]]
−	* https://charlescarrollsociety.com/2014/01/29/amrd-introducing-the-tor-browser-bundle/ - [[Tor browser]]
−	* https://prism-break.org/en - "Opt out of global data surveillance programs like [[PRISM]], [[XKeyscore]] and [[Tempora]]."<ref>"Help make [[mass surveillance]] of entire populations uneconomical. We all have a [[right to privacy]], which you can exercise today by [[encrypt]]ing your communications and ending your reliance on proprietary services."</ref>
−	* https://www.eff.org - "Leading the fight against the [[NSA]]'s illegal [[mass surveillance]] program"<ref>"Organization formed in 1990 to maintain and enhance intellectual freedom, privacy, and other values of civil liberties and democracy in networked communications. Publishes newsletters, Internet Guidebooks and other documents, provides mailing lists and other online forums, and hosts a large electronic document archive. Contact: info@eff.org. 454 Shotwell Street, San Francisco, CA 94110-1914. Tel: (415) 436-9333. Fax: (415) 436-9993. Executive Director: Sheryl Steele."</ref>
−	* https://www.eff.org/secure-messaging-scorecard
−	* http://justdelete.me
−	* http://lifehacker.com/just-delete-me-is-a-massive-list-of-links-to-close-all-1245040101
−	* [http://epic.org/privacy/privacy_resources_faq.html Online Guide to Privacy Resources]<ref>"EPIC was established in 1994 to focus public attention on emerging privacy issues relating to the National Information Infrastructure, such as the Clipper Chip, the Digital Telephony proposal, medical records privacy and the sale of consumer data. EPIC conducts litigation, sponsors conferences, produces reports, publishes the EPIC Alert and leads campaigns on privacy issues. For more information email: epic-info@epic.org, or contact EPIC, 1718 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20009. Tel: (202) 483-1140. Executive Director: Marc Rotenberg."</ref>
−	* http://www.nocards.org - [[Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial Email]]<ref>"CAUCE is an all volunteer, entirely web-based organization, created by Netizens to advocate for a legislative solution to the problem of UCE (spam). CAUCE began as a discussion group called SPAM-LAW, formed of members who felt that legislation was necessary to stop spam from choking the life out of the Internet. In 1997 CAUCE proposed an amendment to the Federal statute which outlaws junk "faxes" (47 USC 227) to also prohibit junk e-mail, and since then has remained a pre-eminent voice in the anti-spam community. Email: comments@cauce.org. President: Edward Cherlin."</ref>

	==References==		==References==

@@ Line 84: / Line 84: @@
 {{reflist|2}}
 [[Category:Linux]]
 [[Category:Mobile Operating Systems]]
@@ Line 89: / Line 94: @@
 [[Category:Technology]]
 [[Category:Internet]]
-[[Category:Information technology]]
+[[Category:Information Technology]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:42, December 8, 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
	In [[computer science]], the kernel is the part of the [[operating system]] through which the hardware and software communicate. The kernel also assigns time to threads.		In [[computer science]], the kernel is the part of the [[operating system]] through which the hardware and software communicate. The kernel also assigns time to threads.

−	[[Category:~~Computer Science~~]]	+
		+	==Prescient Quotes on Kernel-Level Operating System Surveillance==
		+	* "The progress of [[science]] in furnishing the [[big government\|government]] with means of [[espionage]] is not likely to stop with [[wiretap]]ping. Ways may some day be developed by which the [[Police state\|government]], without removing papers from [[hard disk\|secret drawers]], can reproduce them in [[Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court\|court]], and by which it will be enabled to expose to a [[jury]] the most intimate occurrences of the home. Advances in the [[computer science\|psychic and related sciences]] may bring means of exploring unexpressed beliefs, thoughts and emotions. 'That places the [[liberty]] of every [[citizen\|man]] in the hands of every [[tyrant\|petty officer]]' was said by James Otis of much lesser [[tyranny\|intrusions]] than these. 1 To Lord Camden a far slighter intrusion seemed '[[subversive]] of all the comforts of society.' Can it be that the [[Constitution]] affords no [[Right to Privacy\|protection]] against such invasions of [[Fourth Amendment\|individual security]]?"
		+	** [[Louis Brandeis]]''' (1856-1941), [[United States Supreme Court]] [[Associate Justice]] Dissenting, ''[[Olmstead v. United States]]'', 277 U.S. 438 (1928).
		+
		+	==See Also==
		+	* [[Tails (operating system)\|Tails Anonymous Secure Operating System]]
		+	* [[Linux]]
		+	* [[Apple Computer]] [[MacOS]] for [[Apple Macintosh]]
		+	* [[Mobile device]]s: [[Smartphones]] and [[tablet computer\|tablets]]
		+	* [[Apple Computer\|Apple]] [[iOS]] for [[iPhone]]-[[iPod]]-[[iPad]]
		+	* [[Android (operating system)\|Android]]
		+	* [[BlackBerry OS\|Blackberry]]
		+	* [[Microsoft]] [[Windows Phone]] with [[Windows 8]]
		+	----
		+	* '''[[Censorship]]:''' [[Tools of censorship]], [[Censorability]], [[Fairness Doctrine]], [[Liberal censorship]], [[Media censorship]]
		+	----
		+	* '''[[Perpetual war\|The Perpetual War]]:''' [[War on Drugs]], [[War on Terror]] and the [[Police state]]
		+	* '''Domestic [[Mass surveillance\|Mass Surveillance]] of Law-Abiding [[Citizen]]s:''' via [[Utah Data Center]], [[PRISM]], [[NSA]]-[[DHS]]-[[BATF]]-[[FBI]]-[[CIA]] and other [[Intelligence agency\|Intelligence agencies]]' [[Computer surveillance]], [[Eavesdropping]], [[Data mining]], [[Spyware]], [[Wiretap]] - [[Roving wiretap]], [[Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act]] of the [[Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court]], [[NSA warrantless surveillance controversy]], [[National security letter]], [[Patriot Act]], [[NDAA]], [[Executive Order]]s, [[United States Census]], [[Common Core]], "[[Stasi]]"-like [[secret police]] "[[If You See Something, Say Something]]" [[informant]]s, and other exponential expansion of the [[Police State]]
		+	* '''[[Asset forfeiture\|Asset Forfeiture]]:''' [[Confiscation]] for [[Police]] [[budget deficit]] via [[RICO]]
		+	* '''[[Mililtarization of police\|Mililtarization of Police]]:''' [[SWAT]] and [[Pre-dawn raid\|Pre-dawn]] [[No-knock raid]]s, [[Sneak and peek warrant]]
		+	* '''[[War on Drugs]]:''' [[Addiction]] and [[Drug trafficking]] of the [[Drug cartel]]s, [[Mafia]], [[Gangs]], [[Drug dealer]]s, [[Hollywood values]] - [[Fashion industry values]] - [[Public school values]] - [[Professor values]]
		+	* '''[[Computer crime\|Computer Crime]] and [[Cyberwarfare]]:'''
		+	** '''[[Hackers]]:''' [[China]], [[Russia]] and others
		+	** [[Bradley Manning]] - [[Homosexual]] [[Hacker]] [[Traitor]] of [[State secret]]s
		+	** [[Wikileaks]] and [[Julian Assange]] - [[Australia]]n [[leftist]] [[hacker]]
		+	* '''Dangers of [[Social media\|Social Media]]:''' Facebook, Twitter, [[Google\|Google Plus]], [[YouTube]], [[Yahoo]]
		+	* '''[[Big government\|Big Government]]''': [[ObamaCare]]-[[Common Core]]-[[Social Security]] [[Welfare state]] leads to [[Nanny state]], leads to '''[[Police state]]''': [[Globalist]]-[[Statist]]-[[Socialist]]-[[National Socialist]]-[[Communist]]
		+	* '''[[Liberal totalitarianism\|Liberal Totalitarianism]]'''
		+
		+
		+	'''Contrast with:'''
		+
		+	* '''[[Security]] [[Software]] and [[Security-focused operating systems\|Security-Focused Operating Systems]]''' to protect [[unalienable rights\|unalienable]] [[Fifth Amendment]] - [[Fourth Amendment]] [[Right to Privacy]] ([[Internet privacy]], [[Information privacy]], [[Expectation of privacy]]) and [[Second Amendment]] - [[First Amendment]] ([[Freedom of information]] and [[Political freedom]]) rights against [[unconstitutional]] [[Gun control]] - [[Internet censorship]] [[Big government]] [[Police state]], [[hackers]], and "[[5 U.S.C. § 3331\|all enemies, foreign and domestic]]" of [[American values\|American]] [[liberty]].
		+	** '''[[Anonymity]] with [[Tails (operating system)\|Tails Operating System]]''': [[Linux]]-based with [[Tor (anonymity network)]], [[Firefox]] [[Iceweasel]] [[browser]], [[HTTPS Everywhere]] [[encryption]]
		+	** '''[[Prism-break.org\|Prism-Break.org]]''': Opt out of global data [[surveillance]] programs like [[PRISM]], [[ECHELON]], [[XKeyscore]] and [[Tempora]].<ref>"Help make [[mass surveillance]] of entire populations uneconomical! We all have an [[unalienable right]] to [[privacy]], which you can exercise today by [[encrypting]] your communications and ending your reliance on proprietary products and services."</ref>
		+	** '''[[Open source\|Open Source]] [[Free software]]''' not over-priced tracking by [[Microsoft]]-[[Apple]]-[[Google]]-[[Android]]
		+	* '''[[Privacy search engines\|Privacy Search Engines]]: [[Duck Duck Go]]''' and [[Ixquick]]: [[Privacy]]-oriented [[Search engine]]s instead of tracking by [[Google]], [[Yahoo]] and [[Bing]]
		+	* '''[[Internet anonymity\|Internet Anonymity]] - [[Right to be forgotten]] [[Pseudonymity]]''' ([[Pseudonym]]) using [[Anonymous web browsing]] with [[Tails]] and [[VPN]] ([[Virtual Private Network]]), [[HMA]], [[OpenVPN]] and [[IPsec]] , [[Proxy server]]s, [[Anonymizer]] ([[Anonymous proxies]])
		+	** '''[[Mozilla Firefox]]''' with [[Browser extension]]s instead of [[Microsoft]] [[Internet Explorer]], [[Google Chrome]], [[Safari (web browser)]] and [[Opera (web browser)]]
		+	** '''[[Browser security\|Browser Security]]''' via [[HTTPS Everywhere]] ([[HTTPS]] ([[HTTP Secure]]) instead of [[Plaintext]] ([[Cleartext]]) [[HTTP]]; and [[NoScript]] to stop [[JavaScript]]
		+	** '''[[Ad filtering\|Ad Filtering]]''' ([[Privacy mode]] and [[Adblock Plus]] or [[Ghostery]]) to stop [[Ad tracking]] - [[Website visitor tracking]] via [[Geolocation]], [[Geotargeting]], [[Personally identifiable information]] and [[Device fingerprint]]s
		+	* '''[[Internet safety\|Internet Safety]], [[Computer security\|Computer Security]] via [[Password strength]] and [[Password manager]]s''' via [[KeePass]] or [[LastPass]] and [[Antivirus]]-[[Firewall]]
		+	* '''[[Secure communication\|Secure Communication]]:'''
		+	** '''[[E-mail privacy\|E-mail Privacy]] and [[Email encryption\|Email Encryption]]:''' [[Claws Mail]] or [[Enigmail]] or [[Kontact]] using [[Hushmail]] or [[MyKolab]], [[Anonymous remailer]], instead of tracking by [[Microsoft Outlook]], [[Mozilla Thunderbird]] using [[Yahoo! Mail]], [[Gmail]] [[iCloud]]
		+	** '''[[Secure messaging\|Secure Messaging]] and [[Off-the-Record Messaging]] via [[I2P]]''' [[Instant messaging]], [[Cryptocat]], [[Bitmessage]] instead of [[Skype]], [[Yahoo! Messenger]], [[Internet Relay Chat]], [[Google Plus]], Facebook
		+	** '''[[Silent Phone]] with [[Silent Circle]]''' instead of [[Android]] or [[iPhone]] [[Smartphone]]
		+	** '''[[OPSEC]]:''' "[[Loose lips sink ships]]"
		+	* '''[[Encryption]]:''' [[Encryption software]], [[Disk encryption software]], [[LUKS]] or [[TrueCrypt]] instead of [[Microsoft]] [[BitLocker]], [[PGP]] and [[GNU Privacy Guard]], [[Data encryption]], [[Public-key encryption]], [[Cryptography]]-[[Cryptanalysis]]-[[Cryptology]]-[[Steganography]]
		+	* '''[[Peer-to-peer\|Peer-to-Peer]]:''' [[Sneakernet]], [[Friend-to-friend]], [[Darknet (file sharing)]], [[Anonymous P2P]] instead of [[BitTorrent]]
		+	* '''[[Deep Web]] - [[Dark Internet]]:''' [[Tor]], [[AmRD]], [[Tor2web]], [[The Hidden Wiki]], [[Anonymous blog]]
		+	* '''[[Cryptocurrency]]-[[Digital currency\|Digital Currency]]-[[Alternative currency\|Alternative Currency]]-[[Virtual currency\|Virtual Currency]]: [[Bitcoin]]''' and [[Hard money]]-[[Precious metals]]-[[Tangibles]] versus [[PayPal]], [[Credit cards]] and [[inflation]]-prone [[Dollar (U.S.)\|U.S. Dolars]]: [[Federal Reserve System]]'s [[Keynesian economics]] [[Ponzi scheme]] of [[Quantitative easing]]-[[Debt monetization]] [[devaluation]] of [[Fiat currency]] through [[Money supply]]-[[Treasury bill]]s bought mostly by [[China]] and [[Japan]]
		+	----
		+	* '''[[Privacy resources\|Privacy Resources]]:'''
		+	** ''[[Hologram of Liberty]]'' - The Constitution's Shocking Alliance With Big Government by [[Boston T. Party]] - [[Kenneth W. Royce]]
		+	** ''[[One Nation, Under Surveillance]] - Privacy From the Watchful Eye'' by [[Boston T. Party]]
		+	** ''[[How to Be Invisible]] - Protect Your Home, Your Children, Your Assets, and Your Life'', by [[J. J. Luna]]
		+	** '''[[Electronic Frontier Foundation]]''' and [[Electronic Privacy Information Center]], [[Oath Keepers]], [[Judicial Watch]]
		+	** '''[[Freedom of Information Act]]''', [[Electronic Communications Privacy Act]] of 1986 and [[Privacy Act of 1974]]
		+	** '''[[Edward J. Snowden]] Revelations''' of [[unconstitutional]] domestic spying on law-abiding [[American]] [[citizen]]s; [[GlobaLeaks]]
		+	----
		+	* '''[[Crypto-libertarianism]] [[Limited government]]''' implies:
		+	* [[Conservative values]], [[American values]] - [[Small town values]], [[American Patriots]] and [[Bill of Rights]] [[liberty]]
		+	** [[Capitalism]] and [[Free enterprise]]
		+	** [[Family values]] and [[Parental rights]]: [[Sanctity of life]], [[Family]]-[[Marriage]], [[Homeschooling]] teaching [[Virtue]], [[Patriotism]], [[Duty]], and [[Self-reliance]]
		+
		+	==External Links==
		+	* https://charlescarrollsociety.com/2013/06/10/prism-yes-they-can
		+	* https://charlescarrollsociety.com/2013/05/06/memo-to-the-police-state-progressives-please-let-his-people-go
		+	* https://charlescarrollsociety.com/2012/09/15/no-knock-raid-a-great-video
		+	* https://charlescarrollsociety.com/2014/02/12/amrd-t-a-i-l-s-plastic-gloves-for-your-computer-american-redoubt - [[Tails operating system]]
		+	* https://charlescarrollsociety.com/2014/01/29/amrd-introducing-the-tor-browser-bundle/ - [[Tor browser]]
		+	* https://prism-break.org/en - "Opt out of global data surveillance programs like [[PRISM]], [[XKeyscore]] and [[Tempora]]."<ref>"Help make [[mass surveillance]] of entire populations uneconomical. We all have a [[right to privacy]], which you can exercise today by [[encrypt]]ing your communications and ending your reliance on proprietary services."</ref>
		+	* https://www.eff.org - "Leading the fight against the [[NSA]]'s illegal [[mass surveillance]] program"<ref>"Organization formed in 1990 to maintain and enhance intellectual freedom, privacy, and other values of civil liberties and democracy in networked communications. Publishes newsletters, Internet Guidebooks and other documents, provides mailing lists and other online forums, and hosts a large electronic document archive. Contact: info@eff.org. 454 Shotwell Street, San Francisco, CA 94110-1914. Tel: (415) 436-9333. Fax: (415) 436-9993. Executive Director: Sheryl Steele."</ref>
		+	* https://www.eff.org/secure-messaging-scorecard
		+	* http://justdelete.me
		+	* http://lifehacker.com/just-delete-me-is-a-massive-list-of-links-to-close-all-1245040101
		+	* [http://epic.org/privacy/privacy_resources_faq.html Online Guide to Privacy Resources]<ref>"EPIC was established in 1994 to focus public attention on emerging privacy issues relating to the National Information Infrastructure, such as the Clipper Chip, the Digital Telephony proposal, medical records privacy and the sale of consumer data. EPIC conducts litigation, sponsors conferences, produces reports, publishes the EPIC Alert and leads campaigns on privacy issues. For more information email: epic-info@epic.org, or contact EPIC, 1718 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20009. Tel: (202) 483-1140. Executive Director: Marc Rotenberg."</ref>
		+	* http://www.nocards.org - [[Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial Email]]<ref>"CAUCE is an all volunteer, entirely web-based organization, created by Netizens to advocate for a legislative solution to the problem of UCE (spam). CAUCE began as a discussion group called SPAM-LAW, formed of members who felt that legislation was necessary to stop spam from choking the life out of the Internet. In 1997 CAUCE proposed an amendment to the Federal statute which outlaws junk "faxes" (47 USC 227) to also prohibit junk e-mail, and since then has remained a pre-eminent voice in the anti-spam community. Email: comments@cauce.org. President: Edward Cherlin."</ref>
		+
		+	==References==
		+	{{reflist\|2}}
		+
		+	[[Category:Linux]]
		+	[[Category:Mobile Operating Systems]]
		+	[[Category:Operating System]]
		+	[[Category:Technology]]
		+	[[Category:Internet]]
		+	[[Category:Information technology]]
		+
		+	==External links==
		+	*[http://www.kernel.org/ The Linux Kernel Archives]
		+	*[http://www.linux-foundation.org/en/Main_Page The Linux Foundation]
		+
		+	[[Category:Software]]

← Older revision	Revision as of 02:11, February 4, 2009
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← Older revision		Revision as of 03:36, January 19, 2009
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		+	{{move\|Operating system kernel}}
		+
	In [[computer science]], the kernel is the part of the [[operating system]] through which the hardware and software communicate. The kernel also assigns time to threads.		In [[computer science]], the kernel is the part of the [[operating system]] through which the hardware and software communicate. The kernel also assigns time to threads.
		+
		+	[[Category:Computer Science]]