Red Scare - Revision history

RobSmith: /* References */

2024-07-18T21:29:25Z

References

RobSmith: /* Palmer raids */

2019-09-11T18:39:50Z

Palmer raids

DavidB4-bot: Spelling, grammar, and general cleanup, typos fixed: 1940's → 1940s (2), Moscow’s → Moscow's (2)

2019-01-31T02:14:44Z

Spelling, grammar, and general cleanup, typos fixed: 1940's → 1940s (2), Moscow’s → Moscow's (2)

Progressingamerica: Main

2018-11-04T23:33:51Z

Main

RobSmith: /* Links to the Democratic Party */

2018-04-26T19:18:40Z

Links to the Democratic Party

DavidB4-bot: /* top */Spelling, Grammar, and General Cleanup, typos fixed: wide-spread → widespread

2017-09-12T13:56:27Z

top: Spelling, Grammar, and General Cleanup, typos fixed: wide-spread → widespread

Progressingamerica: 556 deportations

2017-06-08T21:35:45Z

556 deportations

Progressingamerica: Rand School for Socialists

2017-06-06T21:19:26Z

Rand School for Socialists

Progressingamerica: Moved segment to create a more consistent timeline

2017-06-06T21:06:55Z

Moved segment to create a more consistent timeline

Progressingamerica: Expanded intro

2017-06-06T21:05:03Z

Expanded intro

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:29, July 18, 2024
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	[[Category:Terrorism]]		[[Category:Terrorism]]
−	[[Category:~~History~~]]	+	[[Category:Anti-Communism]]

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 The unrest did not last. May Day 1920 passed without incident. With his credibility damaged, Palmer saw his presidential aspirations erode. [[Warren G. Harding]], running for President against Democrat James Cox, said that “too much has been said about Bolshevism in America.” <ref>Roberta Strauss Feuerlicht, ''America’s Reign of Terror: World War I, the Red Scare, and the Palmer Raids'' (New York: Random House, 1971), 108.</ref> The [[Wilson administration]], leaderless following Wilson's stroke on October 2, 1919, had become undisciplined and erratic. Such intervals would recur, with both parties involved, but now a sense of civic order returned. Theodore Draper observed,
-{{Cquote|Ironically, the Palmer raids came as a blessing in disguise to the foreign-language federations. More than ever they were able to imagine themselves Russian Bolsheviks in America. Had not the Russian Revolution been forced to work illegally almost to the very eve of the seizure of power? Was there any fundamental difference between Palmer’s prisons and the Czar’s dungeons, the Bureau of Immigration’s deportations and the [[Ochrana]]’s exiledom in Siberia? If the Russian road to the revolution was right, then the postwar repression in the United States merely offered additional proof that the American revolution was really approaching. The underground character of the movement became the supreme test of its revolutionary integrity. A truly revolutionary organization by definition had to suffer repression, as in Czarist Russia. The Russia hypnosis made a necessity into a virtue.<ref>Theodore Draper, The Roots of American Communism (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, Inc. 1957), 67.</ref>}}
+{{Cquote|Ironically, the Palmer raids came as a blessing in disguise to the foreign-language federations. More than ever they were able to imagine themselves Russian Bolsheviks in America. Had not the Russian Revolution been forced to work illegally almost to the very eve of the seizure of power? Was there any fundamental difference between Palmer’s prisons and the Czar’s dungeons, the Bureau of Immigration’s deportations and the [[Ochrana]]’s exiledom in Siberia?<ref>The Ochrana were the Czarist secret police, the forerunner of the Soviet ''Cheka'' and [[KGB]]. Many Ochrana officers in fact survived and held their positions in the new Soviet police state.</ref>  If the Russian road to the revolution was right, then the postwar repression in the United States merely offered additional proof that the American revolution was really approaching. The underground character of the movement became the supreme test of its revolutionary integrity. A truly revolutionary organization by definition had to suffer repression, as in Czarist Russia. The Russia hypnosis made a necessity into a virtue.<ref>Theodore Draper, The Roots of American Communism (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, Inc. 1957), 67.</ref>}}
 And now the new rulers of Russia turned their acolytes into agents. Klehr, Haynes, and Firsov write:

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 [[Image:Wallstreet091707a.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Red Scare [[Terrorist]] Bombing on Wall Street.]]
-'''Red Scare''' is a term used to describe a period of widespread fear of communism.  The first Red Scare occurred during the time of [[World War I]] in the presidency of [[Woodrow Wilson]].  The second Red Scare occurred during the end of the 1940's to the late 1950's.
+'''Red Scare''' is a term used to describe a period of widespread fear of communism.  The first Red Scare occurred during the time of [[World War I]] in the presidency of [[Woodrow Wilson]].  The second Red Scare occurred during the end of the 1940s to the late 1950s.
 As a result of the Palmer Raids, a total of 556 suspected communists and anarchists were deported.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=LCS9DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA130 Deportation: The Origins of U.S. Policy]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=hwAWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1 Communist and Anarchist Deportation Cases], Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization, House of Representatives, Sixty-sixth Congress, Second Session. April 21 to 24, 1920</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=R73eCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA260 The FBI Encyclopedia]</ref>
 ==Background==
-The [[Communist Party of the United States of America]] (CPUSA) was organized at Moscow’s behest in 1921, merging [[John Reed]]’s [[Communist Labor Party]] with the [[Communist Party of America]], organized by a former socialist, Midwesterner Charles Emil Ruthenberg.  The Russian [[Bolshevik]]s saw themselves as leaders of a worldwide revolutionary movement.   There was a good deal of disorder, and no small amount of criminal behavior.
+The [[Communist Party of the United States of America]] (CPUSA) was organized at Moscow's behest in 1921, merging [[John Reed]]’s [[Communist Labor Party]] with the [[Communist Party of America]], organized by a former socialist, Midwesterner Charles Emil Ruthenberg.  The Russian [[Bolshevik]]s saw themselves as leaders of a worldwide revolutionary movement.   There was a good deal of disorder, and no small amount of criminal behavior.
 The state of New York, along with the Federal Government, targeted radical groups and institutions.  New York's Lusk Committee was tasked with seeking out Bolshevism with one of its primary targets being the [[Rand School of Social Science]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=uI5GAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA759 The Public, Volume 22]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=HqrIlzMao2gC&pg=PA45 Civic Engagement: Social Science and Progressive-Era Reform in New York City]</ref>
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 Palmer, the “Fighting Quaker,” responded with major cross-country raids—the Palmer Raids—on radical organizations, including the New York-based Union of Russian Workers, on November 7–8, 1919, the second anniversary of the [[Bolshevik Revolution]]. On January 2, 1920, Federal agents arrested more than 4,000 [[Communist]]s in 33 different cities. The ''[[Washington Post]]'' warned “[t]here is not time to waste on hair-splitting over infringement of liberty.” [[J. Edgar Hoover]], a 24-year old [[Justice Department]] official, located a U.S. Army trans-port, termed the “Soviet Ark,” to take a shipload of radicals home, and invited Members of Congress to see them off at Ellis Island. He now emerged as a national figure, whilst his superior, the Attorney General, began making plans to run for President.
-The unrest did not last. May Day 1920 passed without incident. With his credibility damaged, Palmer saw his presidential aspirations erode. [[Warren G. Harding]], running for President against Democrat James Cox, said that “too much has been said about Bolshevism in America.” <ref>Roberta Strauss Feuerlicht, ''America’s Reign of Terror: World War I, the Red Scare, and the Palmer Raids'' (New York: Random House, 1971), 108.</ref> The [[Wilson administration]], leaderless following Wilson’s stroke on October 2, 1919, had become undisciplined and erratic. Such intervals would recur, with both parties involved, but now a sense of civic order returned. Theodore Draper observed,
+The unrest did not last. May Day 1920 passed without incident. With his credibility damaged, Palmer saw his presidential aspirations erode. [[Warren G. Harding]], running for President against Democrat James Cox, said that “too much has been said about Bolshevism in America.” <ref>Roberta Strauss Feuerlicht, ''America’s Reign of Terror: World War I, the Red Scare, and the Palmer Raids'' (New York: Random House, 1971), 108.</ref> The [[Wilson administration]], leaderless following Wilson's stroke on October 2, 1919, had become undisciplined and erratic. Such intervals would recur, with both parties involved, but now a sense of civic order returned. Theodore Draper observed,
 {{Cquote|Ironically, the Palmer raids came as a blessing in disguise to the foreign-language federations. More than ever they were able to imagine themselves Russian Bolsheviks in America. Had not the Russian Revolution been forced to work illegally almost to the very eve of the seizure of power? Was there any fundamental difference between Palmer’s prisons and the Czar’s dungeons, the Bureau of Immigration’s deportations and the [[Ochrana]]’s exiledom in Siberia? If the Russian road to the revolution was right, then the postwar repression in the United States merely offered additional proof that the American revolution was really approaching. The underground character of the movement became the supreme test of its revolutionary integrity. A truly revolutionary organization by definition had to suffer repression, as in Czarist Russia. The Russia hypnosis made a necessity into a virtue.<ref>Theodore Draper, The Roots of American Communism (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, Inc. 1957), 67.</ref>}}

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:33, November 4, 2018
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	==Enemies of the left targeted==		==Enemies of the left targeted==
		+	{{main\|1919 United States anarchist bombings}}
		+
	On May Day, 1919, some 36 bombs were sent by mail to prominent politicians, judges, and other “enemies of the [[left]].” <ref>Stanley Coben, A. Mitchell Palmer: Politician (New York: Da Capo Press, 1972), 203-04.</ref> The ''New York Times'' wrote of a “nationwide bomb conspiracy.” The home of Attorney General [[A. Mitchell Palmer]] in Washington was damaged by a bomb which went off prematurely and killed the bomber.		On May Day, 1919, some 36 bombs were sent by mail to prominent politicians, judges, and other “enemies of the [[left]].” <ref>Stanley Coben, A. Mitchell Palmer: Politician (New York: Da Capo Press, 1972), 203-04.</ref> The ''New York Times'' wrote of a “nationwide bomb conspiracy.” The home of Attorney General [[A. Mitchell Palmer]] in Washington was damaged by a bomb which went off prematurely and killed the bomber.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:18, April 26, 2018
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	The Second Red Scare, sometimes referred to as an era of McCarthyism, was primarily perpetrated by the [[Democratic Party]] under John Burley Swainson, former democratic governor of [[Michigan]].<ref>http://www.webcitation.org/5yPw0sDhn</ref> His father, John A. C. Swainson, of Port Huron was Democratic Presidential Elector for Michigan in 1964 and an alternate delegate to the [[U.S.S.R.]] in 1972 where he met the Soviet spy Vitold Fokin.<ref>http://www.knowbysight.info/1_UKRA/08983.asp</ref> Folkin was then able to use the Democrat's connections in the government, through John B. Swainson, to obtain sensitive documents on national policy. Swainson aided Folkin's efforts in the hope that the United States would someday be replaced by "a nation were all wealth [is] forcibly redistributed to the lowest classes and where all property would belong to the [[Communist Party of America]]."<ref>http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/suvacki-swampfox.html#RH801VQEP</ref> Luckily, Senator [[Joseph McCarthy]] was able to uncover Swainson's plot before Folkin was able to reveal any further national secrets.<ref>http://www.webcitation.org/5yPwBCaSJ</ref>		The Second Red Scare, sometimes referred to as an era of McCarthyism, was primarily perpetrated by the [[Democratic Party]] under John Burley Swainson, former democratic governor of [[Michigan]].<ref>http://www.webcitation.org/5yPw0sDhn</ref> His father, John A. C. Swainson, of Port Huron was Democratic Presidential Elector for Michigan in 1964 and an alternate delegate to the [[U.S.S.R.]] in 1972 where he met the Soviet spy Vitold Fokin.<ref>http://www.knowbysight.info/1_UKRA/08983.asp</ref> Folkin was then able to use the Democrat's connections in the government, through John B. Swainson, to obtain sensitive documents on national policy. Swainson aided Folkin's efforts in the hope that the United States would someday be replaced by "a nation were all wealth [is] forcibly redistributed to the lowest classes and where all property would belong to the [[Communist Party of America]]."<ref>http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/suvacki-swampfox.html#RH801VQEP</ref> Luckily, Senator [[Joseph McCarthy]] was able to uncover Swainson's plot before Folkin was able to reveal any further national secrets.<ref>http://www.webcitation.org/5yPwBCaSJ</ref>
		+
		+	==See also==
		+	*[[Second Red Scare]]
		+	*[[Third Red Scare]]

	==References==		==References==

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 ==Background==
 The [[Communist Party of the United States of America]] (CPUSA) was organized at Moscow’s behest in 1921, merging [[John Reed]]’s [[Communist Labor Party]] with the [[Communist Party of America]], organized by a former socialist, Midwesterner Charles Emil Ruthenberg.  The Russian [[Bolshevik]]s saw themselves as leaders of a worldwide revolutionary movement.   There was a good deal of disorder, and no small amount of criminal behavior.
 ==Enemies of the left targeted==
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 ==References==
-<references/>
+{{reflist|2}}
 [[Category:Terrorism]]
 [[Category:History]]