Republic of Georgia - Revision history

RobSmith: /* South Ossetia and conflict with Russia */

2025-11-12T03:16:30Z

‎South Ossetia and conflict with Russia

RobSmith: /* South Ossetia and conflict with Russia */

2025-09-08T02:21:35Z

‎South Ossetia and conflict with Russia

RobSmith: /* Political Conditions */

2025-08-20T19:36:45Z

‎Political Conditions

RobSmith: /* Government */

2025-08-17T12:55:34Z

‎Government

RobSmith: oops, wrong country. Sorry.

2025-01-21T05:30:40Z

oops, wrong country. Sorry.

RobSmith at 04:07, January 21, 2025

2025-01-21T04:07:24Z

Alex Kosh at 03:38, January 21, 2025

2025-01-21T03:38:08Z

Alex Kosh at 16:44, October 28, 2024

2024-10-28T16:44:06Z

RobSmith: /* Political Conditions */

2024-10-27T04:51:52Z

‎Political Conditions

RobSmith: /* Political Conditions */

2024-10-26T21:24:17Z

‎Political Conditions

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 South Ossetia, on the Russian border, is about the size of Rhode Island, but has fewer than 70,000 inhabitants. During the Soviet era, it had autonomous status within the Georgian SSR. Therefore, when Georgia became independent in 1991, South Ossetian leaders sought to achieve their regions own independence from Tbilisi.
-In 1991 and early 1992, the Georgian military launched an offensive to destroy the South Ossetian secession. The ragtag Georgian army was defeated by a combination of local Ossetian fighters and irregulars from Russia. In 1993, Georgia went to war again,  this time to prevent the Abkhazians in the northwest from following the Ossetian example. That conflict also ended in defeat for Georgia. Both provinces have remained functionally separate from Georgia ever since, with their own parliaments, economies, educational systems, and armies—as well as a powerful narrative of valiant struggle against Georgian tyranny. The provinces have turned to Russia for protection from Georgia.
+In 1991 and early 1992, the Georgian military launched an offensive to destroy the South Ossetian secession. The ragtag Georgian army was defeated by a combination of local Ossetian fighters and irregulars from Russia. In 1993, Georgia went to war again,  this time to prevent the Abkhazians in the northwest from following the Ossetian example. That conflict also ended in defeat for Georgia. Both provinces have remained functionally separate from Georgia ever since, with their own parliaments, economies, educational systems, and armies—as well as a powerful [[narrative]] of valiant struggle against Georgian tyranny. The provinces have turned to Russia for protection from Georgia.
 [[File:S-ossetia1.jpg|thumb|310px]] In early August, 2008, Georgia sought to re-establish its control over the breakaway enclaves of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.  This led to a five-day war, involving a Russian invasion not only of those areas, but of Georgia itself complete with a massive bombing campaign.  Several hundred Georgians were killed and thousands of refugees on both sides were displaced.<ref>Charles King, "The Five-Day War: Managing Moscow after the Georgia Crisis," ''Foreign Affairs'' 2008 87(6): 2-11, online at [[EBSCO]]</ref>

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:21, September 8, 2025
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−	George has sought membership in [[NATO]] so that the alliance can protect it from Russia. However NATO finds that Georgia falls short of its baseline measures for democratization and military modernization and that the recent war in Georgia raises additional complications regarding an escalation of tensions between Russia and NATO.<ref>Travis L. Bounds, and Ryan C. Hendrickson, "Georgian Membership in NATO: Policy Implications of the Bucharest Summit," ''Journal of Slavic Military Studies'' 2009 22(1): 20-30</ref>	+	George has sought membership in [[NATO]] so that the alliance can protect it from Russia. However NATO finds that Georgia falls short of its baseline measures for democratization and military modernization and that the recent war in Georgia raises additional complications regarding an [[escalation]] of tensions between Russia and NATO.<ref>Travis L. Bounds, and Ryan C. Hendrickson, "Georgian Membership in NATO: Policy Implications of the Bucharest Summit," ''Journal of Slavic Military Studies'' 2009 22(1): 20-30</ref>

	==References==		==References==

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 The separatist conflict in [[Abkhazia]] continues to simmer, with frequent accusations from the Georgian Government that ethnic Georgians in Abkhazia face discrimination from the Abkhaz de facto authorities. The Abkhaz de facto authorities seek full independence from Georgia, and are currently refusing talks following the reassertion of Georgian Government control over the upper Kodori Valley area of Abkhazia in the summer of 2006. Since December 1993, the United Nations has chaired negotiations toward a settlement in Abkhazia. The UN mediator is the Special Representative of the Secretary General (SRSG), currently Ambassador Jean Arnault. The Group of Friends of the UN Secretary General on Georgia (consisting of the United States, France, Germany, the Russian Federation, and the United Kingdom) supports the UN-led peace process. UNOMIG and the Friends continue to encourage the adoption of confidence-building measures in the region. The Georgian legislature passed a resolution on the CIS peacekeepers in Abkhazia, declaring its belief that the peacekeepers have been ineffective in establishing conditions to allow the return of hundreds of thousands of ethnic Georgians displaced by the conflict. The Parliament has repeatedly expressed its desire for the peacekeepers to be replaced by an international police force; however, the Georgian Government has made no official demand for the peacekeepers in Abkhazia to leave (for more information on the separatist conflict in Georgia's Abkhazia region, see the Department of State's Fact Sheet on Abkhazia http://www.state.gov/p/eur/rls/fs/53745.htm). The United States supports the strengthening of Georgia's territorial integrity through peaceful means. Unilaterally and as a member of the Group of Friends, the U.S. seeks to advance negotiations toward a comprehensive settlement of the conflict, including on Abkhazia's future status within Georgia and the safe and dignified return of refugees and internally-displaced persons.
-The 1992 Sochi Agreement, which established a cease-fire between the Georgian and South Ossetian forces, and defined both a zone of conflict around the South Ossetian capital of Tskhinvali and a security corridor along the border of South Ossetian territories, remains in effect. The South Ossetia region is comprised of a patchwork of Georgian villages interspersed with ethnic Ossetian villages. The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) monitors the ceasefire and facilitates negotiations between the Georgians and the South Ossetians toward a comprehensive settlement consistent with Georgian independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity. The Agreement also created the Joint Control Commission (JCC) and a peacekeeping body, the Joint Peacekeeping Forces (JPKF). The JPKF is under Russian command and is comprised of peacekeepers from Georgia, Russia, and Russia's North Ossetian autonomous republic. South Ossetian peacekeepers, however, serve in the North Ossetian contingent. Talks on South Ossetia are held under the auspices of the Joint Control Commission (JCC), with Georgian, Russian, North Ossetian, and South Ossetian delegations participating. The Georgian Government has frequently complained that the current format for talks puts Georgia at a disadvantage, and would like greater participation by the international community.
+The 1992 Sochi Agreement, which established a [[cease-fire]] between the Georgian and South Ossetian forces, and defined both a zone of conflict around the South Ossetian capital of Tskhinvali and a security corridor along the border of South Ossetian territories, remains in effect. The South Ossetia region is comprised of a patchwork of Georgian villages interspersed with ethnic Ossetian villages. The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) monitors the ceasefire and facilitates negotiations between the Georgians and the South Ossetians toward a comprehensive settlement consistent with Georgian independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity. The Agreement also created the Joint Control Commission (JCC) and a peacekeeping body, the Joint Peacekeeping Forces (JPKF). The JPKF is under Russian command and is comprised of peacekeepers from Georgia, Russia, and Russia's North Ossetian autonomous republic. South Ossetian peacekeepers, however, serve in the North Ossetian contingent. Talks on South Ossetia are held under the auspices of the Joint Control Commission (JCC), with Georgian, Russian, North Ossetian, and South Ossetian delegations participating. The Georgian Government has frequently complained that the current format for talks puts Georgia at a disadvantage, and would like greater participation by the international community.
 [[Image:Map of Georgia.jpg|right|200px|thumb|South Ossetia region, top-center.]]
 In January 2005, Georgian President Saakashvili put forth a proposal to give autonomous status to South Ossetia within Georgia. The United States welcomed President Saakashvili's initiative to resolve the conflict through peaceful means and continues to look for ways to encourage a lasting resolution of the conflict. An alternative leader in South Ossetia emerged in November 2006, when ethnic Georgian Dmitry Sanakoyev was elected in an unrecognized, de facto presidential election by the ethnic Georgian population. Sanakoyev has set up an alternative government in Kurta, South Ossetia.

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 According to ''[[New York Times]]'', Saakashvili institutionalized sodomy as a method of [[torture]] in Georgian prisons against political opponents.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/20/world/europe/a-resignation-and-protests-follow-the-release-of-prison-abuse-videos-in-georgia.html</ref>  According to a film reported by ''[[The Atlantic]]'',<ref>https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/09/georgias-prison-rape-scandal-and-what-it-says-about-the-rose-revolution/262720/</ref> sodomy is a technique used in [[Iraq]], Georgia, and Ukraine by Americans and their clients deliberately in countries with [[conservative values|conservative social values]], where such an event is the ultimate humiliation for a man, worse even than death.<ref>https://youtu.be/0j0geUnWxBU?t=3061</ref>
-Unsurprisingly, Saakashvili's popularity in Georgia didn't last, and he was transferred and reassigned to [[Ukraine]] as the governor of [[Odessa]] by American [[neocons]].<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2015/dec/16/arsen-avakov-mikheil-saakashvili-ukraine-video</ref>
+Unsurprisingly, Saakashvili's popularity in Georgia didn't last, and he was transferred and reassigned to [[Ukraine]] as the governor of [[Odessa]] by American [[neocons]].<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2015/dec/16/arsen-avakov-mikheil-saakashvili-ukraine-video</ref> His wife, Sandra Roefels, has been implicated in [[illegal]] organ harvesting in [[Ukraine]] during the [[Donbas war]].
 On May 24, 2005, the Parliament passed legislation to decentralize power from the central government in Tbilisi to local government authorities in the regions. Elections were held on October 5, 2006 to elect 1,732 members of 69 local councils and seven city governments.

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 }}
 '''Georgia''' is a country in the [[Caucasus]] just north of eastern [[Turkey]] and south of [[Russia]], other neighbouring countries are [[Armenia]] and [[Azerbaijan]]. It was formerly in the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia until the [[Soviet Union]] collapsed in 1991. Georgia's capital is [[Tbilisi]]. Tensions are very high with neighboring Russia over the status of two republics ([[Abkhazia]] and [[South Ossetia]]).  Georgia was invited into the [[NATO]] alliance in 2006. The United States is generally favorable toward NATO membership for Georgia and operates a major biological weapons research laboratory there on the border with Russia. It was the second country in the world, after [[Armenia]], to adapt Christianity as its state religion in AD 319.
 ==People==

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 |queen	        =
 |monarch-raw	=
-|president	=Salome Zourabichvili
+|president	=Mikheil Kavelashvili
 |president-raw	=
 |chancellor	=

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 |chancellor	=
 |chancellor-raw	=
-|pm	        =Mamuka Bakhtadze
+|pm	        =Irakli Kobakhidze
 |pm-raw	        =
 |area	        =26,916 sq mi

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 The United States supports the territorial integrity of Georgia and supports only a peaceful resolution of the separatist conflict in South Ossetia that defines the status of South Ossetia within Georgia's internationally recognized borders, while affording South Ossetia significant autonomy within a unified Georgia. The United States views Georgia's autonomy proposal as an important step in a peace process that should be marked by direct and frequent negotiations between the two sides. International donors, including the United States, launched an economic rehabilitation project in 2006 to help establish a peaceful and prosperous future for South Ossetia within Georgia (for more information on the separatist conflict in Georgia's South Ossetia region, see the Department of State's Fact Sheet on South Ossetia http://www.state.gov/p/eur/rls/fs/53721.htm).
-Despite [[US]] election meddling, the Georgian Dream party won a 53% majority in the 2024 parliamentary elections. The US-funded United National Movement party of Mikheil Saakashvili received less than 10% of the vote.
+Despite [[US]] election meddling, the Georgian Dream party won a 54% majority in the 2024 parliamentary elections. The US-funded United National Movement party of Mikheil Saakashvili received less than 10% of the vote.
 ===Foreign Relations===