Rigel - Revision history

FredericBernard: /* Star System */

2019-01-25T20:31:26Z

Star System

FredericBernard: Tidy up references

2019-01-25T20:24:41Z

Tidy up references

DavidB4-bot: /* Rigel A */HTTP --> HTTPS [#1], replaced: http://www.nasa.gov → https://www.nasa.gov

2018-09-26T19:37:19Z

Rigel A: HTTP --> HTTPS [#1], replaced: http://www.nasa.gov → https://www.nasa.gov

FredericBernard: Fix Template

2018-01-10T13:03:10Z

Fix Template

DavidB4-bot: clean up & uniformity

2016-07-13T18:33:36Z

clean up & uniformity

JoeyJ: /* References */

2015-02-22T15:55:44Z

References

Snowy: /* Rigel B */

2013-05-04T00:35:52Z

Rigel B

Snowy: /* Rigel A */

2013-05-04T00:34:29Z

Rigel A

JacobB: /* Rigel A */

2010-02-11T17:44:55Z

Rigel A

JacobB: /* Rigel A */

2010-02-11T17:44:34Z

Rigel A

@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 Rigel is actually a binary star system, although only the primary star can be seen from [[Earth]] by the unaided eye.  It was first discovered as such in 1831 by F. G. W. Struve who was able to resolve the companion star with his telescope, despite the overwhelming brightness of its primary.
-As the Rigel system is far beyond the distance a star can be precisely measured using [[parallax]] measurements, its distance can only be estimated.  The star is believed to be between 700 and 900 light-years distant.  The [[Hipparcos]] probe has estimated the distance to be some 860 light years distant.<ref name="illinois">{{cite web|url=http://www.astro.illinois.edu/~jkaler/sow/rigel.html|title=Rigel|accessdate=2019-01-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090724035044/http://www.astro.illinois.edu/~jkaler/sow/rigel.html|archivedate=2009-07-24}}</ref>
+As the Rigel system is far beyond the distance a star can be precisely measured using [[parallax]] measurements, its distance can only be estimated.  The star is believed to be between 700 and 900 light-years distant.<ref name=britannica/><ref name=astropixels/> The [[Hipparcos]] probe has estimated the distance to be some 860 light years distant.<ref name="illinois">{{cite web|url=http://www.astro.illinois.edu/~jkaler/sow/rigel.html|title=Rigel|accessdate=2019-01-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090724035044/http://www.astro.illinois.edu/~jkaler/sow/rigel.html|archivedate=2009-07-24}}</ref>
 The primary star is so bright that it illuminates the dust clouds in nearby nebula, the most famous being the [[Witch head nebula]] 40&nbsp;[[AU]] away.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.space.com/22872-rigel.html|title=Rigel: Orion's Brightest Star|accessdate=2019-01-25}}</ref>

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 | image           =RigelLocation.jpg
 | designation     =19 Ori, β Ori, HD34085
-| rightascension  =05h 14m 32.272s
+| rightascension  =05h 14m 32.2721s<ref name=simbad>[https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=rigel&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id Rigel] from the [http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad SIMBAD Astronomical Database]</ref>
-| declination     =−08° 12′ 05.91″
+| declination     =−08° 12′ 05.8981″<ref name=simbad/>
-| distance        =approx. 800 light years
+| distance        =870 ly<ref name=britannica>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rigel|title=Rigel|accessdate=2019-01-25}}</ref>
 | constellation   =Orion
 | type            =Supergiant{{!}}Blue supergiant
 | dimensions      =78 solar radii
-| magnitude       =0.18
+| magnitude       =Apparent amg: 0.18<ref name=simbad/><br/>Absolute Mag: -6.69<ref name=astropixels>{{cite web|url=http://astropixels.com/stars/Rigel-01.html|title=Rigel|accessdate=2019-01-25}}</ref>
 | redshift        =
-| radvelocity     =20.7 km/s
+| radvelocity     =17.8 ± 0.4 km/s<ref name=simbad/>
-| propmotion      =RA: 1.87 mas/yr<br/>Dec.: −0.56 mas/yr
+| propmotion      =RA: 1.31 mas/yr<ref name=simbad/><br/>Dec.: 0.50 mas/yr<ref name=simbad/>
-| parallax        =4.22 ± 0.81 mas
+| parallax        =3.78 ± 0.34 mas<ref name=simbad/>
 }}
-'''Rigel''', also known as ''Beta Orionis'', is a blue-white [[supergiant]] [[star]] located in, and part of, the constellation of [[Orion]].  Rigel is actually Rigel A, the primary star of a binary star system.  Rigel is the brightest star in the Orion constellation as well as the sixth brightest star overall in the night sky with an apparent magnitude of 0.18.<ref>http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=+Hipparcos&-c=Rigel</ref>
+'''Rigel''', also known as ''Beta Orionis'', is a blue-white [[supergiant]] [[star]] located in, and part of, the constellation of [[Orion]].<ref name=britannica/> Rigel is actually Rigel A, the primary star of a binary star system. Rigel is the brightest star in the Orion constellation as well as the sixth brightest star overall in the night sky with an apparent magnitude of 0.18.<ref name=simbad/>
 ==Rigel in History==
-The traditional name of Rigel stems from its location in the [[Orion]] constellation.  The name is derived from the [[Arabic]] ''Riǧl Ǧawza al-Yusra'', meaning "Left foot of the Central One", as the star is seen as the "left foot" of [[constellation]].  Another Arabic name for the star is ''riǧl al-ǧabbār'' or "the foot of the great one".  In Western culture, the star traditionally represents the left foot of the mythical hunter Orion of Greek mythology. Usually the The foot is mistakenly associated with Beta Eridani, which is really one of the stars that represents his footstool. The [[Chinese]] referred to the star as 参宿七 or ''Shēnxiù Qī'', meaning "The Seventh of the Three Stars".
+The traditional name of Rigel stems from its location in the [[Orion]] constellation. The name is derived from the [[Arabic]] ''Riǧl Ǧawza al-Yusra'', meaning "Left foot of the Central One", as the star is seen as the "left foot" of [[constellation]]. Another Arabic name for the star is ''riǧl al-ǧabbār'' or "the foot of the great one".  In Western culture, the star traditionally represents the left foot of the mythical hunter Orion of Greek mythology. Usually the The foot is mistakenly associated with Beta Eridani, which is really one of the stars that represents his footstool. The [[Chinese]] referred to the star as 参宿七 or ''Shēnxiù Qī'', meaning "The Seventh of the Three Stars".
-Rigel is also one of the most important stars used in [[celestial navigation]] throughout the history of oceanic sailing.  This is due to both the star's relative brightness and its equatorial location, making it visible in most [[ocean]] [[latitude]]s.
+Rigel is also one of the most important stars used in [[celestial navigation]] throughout the history of oceanic sailing. This is due to both the star's relative brightness and its equatorial location, making it visible in most [[ocean]] [[latitude]]s.
 ==Star System==
@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 Rigel is actually a binary star system, although only the primary star can be seen from [[Earth]] by the unaided eye.  It was first discovered as such in 1831 by F. G. W. Struve who was able to resolve the companion star with his telescope, despite the overwhelming brightness of its primary.
-As the Rigel system is far beyond the distance a star can be precisely measured using [[parallax]] measurements, its distance can only be estimated.  The star is believed to be between 700 and 900 light-years distant.  The [[Hipparcos]] probe has estimated the distance to be some 860 light years distant.<ref name="illinois">http://www.astro.illinois.edu/~jkaler/sow/rigel.html</ref>
+As the Rigel system is far beyond the distance a star can be precisely measured using [[parallax]] measurements, its distance can only be estimated.  The star is believed to be between 700 and 900 light-years distant.  The [[Hipparcos]] probe has estimated the distance to be some 860 light years distant.<ref name="illinois">{{cite web|url=http://www.astro.illinois.edu/~jkaler/sow/rigel.html|title=Rigel|accessdate=2019-01-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090724035044/http://www.astro.illinois.edu/~jkaler/sow/rigel.html|archivedate=2009-07-24}}</ref>
-The primary star is so bright that it illuminates the dust clouds in nearby nebula, the most famous being the [[Witch Head Nebula]].
+The primary star is so bright that it illuminates the dust clouds in nearby nebula, the most famous being the [[Witch head nebula]] 40&nbsp;[[AU]] away.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.space.com/22872-rigel.html|title=Rigel: Orion's Brightest Star|accessdate=2019-01-25}}</ref>
 ===Rigel A===
 [[Image:Rigel sun comparision.png|thumb|right|250px|Artist rendering of Rigel compared in size to our Sun.]]
-Rigel A is classified as a blue-white [[supergiant]] of spectral class B8 Iab.  The star contains some 17 times the mass of our [[Sun]].  While the radius of Rigel is estimated to be 74 times that of the Sun, so large, that if Rigel was at the center of our solar system, it would extend to the orbit of [[Mercury]].<ref name="illinois"/>  The star has 40,000 times the Sun's visual luminosity.<ref name="illinois"/>  Much of Rigel's radiation however, is in the [[ultraviolet]], when this is accounted for, the star's total luminosity is 150,000 times the Sun's.<ref name="star">https://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/star_worldbook.html</ref>
+Rigel A is classified as a blue-white [[supergiant]] of spectral class B8 Iab.  The star contains some 17 times the mass of our [[Sun]].  While the radius of Rigel is estimated to be 74 times that of the Sun, so large, that if Rigel was at the center of our solar system, it would extend to the orbit of [[Mercury]].<ref name="illinois"/>  The star has 40,000 times the Sun's visual luminosity.<ref name="illinois"/>  Much of Rigel's radiation however, is in the [[ultraviolet]], when this is accounted for, the star's total luminosity is 47,000 times the Sun's.<ref name=britannica/>
-Like other stars of its category, Rigel burns through its core [[hydrogen]] very quickly.  Rigel will soon burn through its hydrogen fuel in the core, if it hasn't already done so, and will eventually expand to become a red [[supergiant]].  Given Rigel's mass, it will most likely end its life in a [[supernova]] explosion.  If Rigel does go supernova, it will appear as bright as a quarter [[moon]].
+Like other stars of its category, Rigel burns through its core [[hydrogen]] very quickly. Rigel will soon burn through its hydrogen fuel in the core, if it hasn't already done so, and will eventually expand to become a red [[supergiant]]. Given Rigel's mass, it will most likely end its life in a [[supernova]] explosion. If Rigel does go supernova, it will appear as bright as a quarter [[moon]].
 ===Rigel B===
-Rigel B is a class B9 V star of magnitude 6.7, making it just slightly too dim to be seen with the unaided eye, even if the star was alone.<ref name="peter">Jedicke, Peter; Levy, David H. (1992). "Regal Rigel". The New Cosmos. Waukesha: Kalmbach Books. pp. 48–53.</ref>  Because Rigel A is some 500 times as bright, Rigel B is obscured by its companion, making observations challenging. Rigel B itself is some 2500 AU from its primary (or some 60 times the distance Pluto is from the Sun) taking 25,000 years to orbit.<ref name="illinois"/>
+Rigel B is a class B9 V star of magnitude 6.7, making it just slightly too dim to be seen with the unaided eye, even if the star was alone.<ref name="peter">Jedicke, Peter; Levy, David H. (1992). "Regal Rigel". The New Cosmos. Waukesha: Kalmbach Books. pp. 48–53.</ref> Because Rigel A is some 500 times as bright, Rigel B is obscured by its companion, making observations challenging. Rigel B itself is some 2500 AU from its primary (or some 60 times the distance Pluto is from the Sun) taking 25,000 years to orbit.<ref name="illinois"/>
 Some astronomers have claimed that Rigel B itself is actually a double, and if so would more accurately be called Rigel BC.  However the idea of Rigel B being a double star in itself is still highly controversial, with proponents unable to repeatedly duplicate their initial results.<ref name="peter"/>
 There is also a 15th magnitude class K star, referred to as Rigel D, believed to be associated with the other stars of the Rigel system.  It is estimated to be some 11,500 AU from Rigel A and its companion, and if part of the system, would take some 250,000 years to orbit the primary.<ref name="illinois"/>
 ==References==
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 {{Stars}}

@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
 ===Rigel A===
 [[Image:Rigel sun comparision.png|thumb|right|250px|Artist rendering of Rigel compared in size to our Sun.]]
-Rigel A is classified as a blue-white [[supergiant]] of spectral class B8 Iab.  The star contains some 17 times the mass of our [[Sun]].  While the radius of Rigel is estimated to be 74 times that of the Sun, so large, that if Rigel was at the center of our solar system, it would extend to the orbit of [[Mercury]].<ref name="illinois"/>  The star has 40,000 times the Sun's visual luminosity.<ref name="illinois"/>  Much of Rigel's radiation however, is in the [[ultraviolet]], when this is accounted for, the star's total luminosity is 150,000 times the Sun's.<ref name="star">http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/star_worldbook.html</ref>
+Rigel A is classified as a blue-white [[supergiant]] of spectral class B8 Iab.  The star contains some 17 times the mass of our [[Sun]].  While the radius of Rigel is estimated to be 74 times that of the Sun, so large, that if Rigel was at the center of our solar system, it would extend to the orbit of [[Mercury]].<ref name="illinois"/>  The star has 40,000 times the Sun's visual luminosity.<ref name="illinois"/>  Much of Rigel's radiation however, is in the [[ultraviolet]], when this is accounted for, the star's total luminosity is 150,000 times the Sun's.<ref name="star">https://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/star_worldbook.html</ref>
 Like other stars of its category, Rigel burns through its core [[hydrogen]] very quickly.  Rigel will soon burn through its hydrogen fuel in the core, if it hasn't already done so, and will eventually expand to become a red [[supergiant]].  Given Rigel's mass, it will most likely end its life in a [[supernova]] explosion.  If Rigel does go supernova, it will appear as bright as a quarter [[moon]].

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 | distance        =approx. 800 light years
 | constellation   =Orion
-| type            =star; blue supergiant
+| type            =Supergiant{{!}}Blue supergiant
 | dimensions      =78 solar radii
 | magnitude       =0.18

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 The traditional name of Rigel stems from its location in the [[Orion]] constellation.  The name is derived from the [[Arabic]] ''Riǧl Ǧawza al-Yusra'', meaning "Left foot of the Central One", as the star is seen as the "left foot" of [[constellation]].  Another Arabic name for the star is ''riǧl al-ǧabbār'' or "the foot of the great one".  In Western culture, the star traditionally represents the left foot of the mythical hunter Orion of Greek mythology. Usually the The foot is mistakenly associated with Beta Eridani, which is really one of the stars that represents his footstool. The [[Chinese]] referred to the star as 参宿七 or ''Shēnxiù Qī'', meaning "The Seventh of the Three Stars".
-Rigel is also one of the most important stars used in [[celestial navigation]] throughout the history of oceanic sailing.  This is due to both the star's relative brightness and its equatorial location, making it visible in most [[ocean]] [[latitude|latitudes]].
+Rigel is also one of the most important stars used in [[celestial navigation]] throughout the history of oceanic sailing.  This is due to both the star's relative brightness and its equatorial location, making it visible in most [[ocean]] [[latitude]]s.
 ==Star System==
@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
 ===Rigel A===
 [[Image:Rigel sun comparision.png|thumb|right|250px|Artist rendering of Rigel compared in size to our Sun.]]
-Rigel A is classified as a blue-white [[supergiant]] of spectral class B8 Iab.  The star contains some 17 times the mass of our [[Sun]].  While the radius of Rigel is estimated to be 74 times that of the Sun, so large, that if Rigel was at the center of our solar system, it would extend to the orbit of [[Mercury]].<ref name="illinois">http://www.astro.illinois.edu/~jkaler/sow/rigel.html</ref>  The star has 40,000 times the Sun's visual luminosity.<ref name="illinois">http://www.astro.illinois.edu/~jkaler/sow/rigel.html</ref>  Much of Rigel's radiation however, is in the [[ultraviolet]], when this is accounted for, the star's total luminosity is 150,000 times the Sun's.<ref name="star">http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/star_worldbook.html</ref>
+Rigel A is classified as a blue-white [[supergiant]] of spectral class B8 Iab.  The star contains some 17 times the mass of our [[Sun]].  While the radius of Rigel is estimated to be 74 times that of the Sun, so large, that if Rigel was at the center of our solar system, it would extend to the orbit of [[Mercury]].<ref name="illinois"/>  The star has 40,000 times the Sun's visual luminosity.<ref name="illinois"/>  Much of Rigel's radiation however, is in the [[ultraviolet]], when this is accounted for, the star's total luminosity is 150,000 times the Sun's.<ref name="star">http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/star_worldbook.html</ref>
 Like other stars of its category, Rigel burns through its core [[hydrogen]] very quickly.  Rigel will soon burn through its hydrogen fuel in the core, if it hasn't already done so, and will eventually expand to become a red [[supergiant]].  Given Rigel's mass, it will most likely end its life in a [[supernova]] explosion.  If Rigel does go supernova, it will appear as bright as a quarter [[moon]].
@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 ===Rigel B===
-Rigel B is a class B9 V star of magnitude 6.7, making it just slightly too dim to be seen with the unaided eye, even if the star was alone.<ref name="peter">Jedicke, Peter; Levy, David H. (1992). "Regal Rigel". The New Cosmos. Waukesha: Kalmbach Books. pp. 48–53.</ref>  Because Rigel A is some 500 times as bright, Rigel B is obscured by its companion, making observations challenging. Rigel B itself is some 2500 AU from its primary (or some 60 times the distance Pluto is from the Sun) taking 25,000 years to orbit.<ref name="illinois">http://www.astro.illinois.edu/~jkaler/sow/rigel.html</ref>
+Rigel B is a class B9 V star of magnitude 6.7, making it just slightly too dim to be seen with the unaided eye, even if the star was alone.<ref name="peter">Jedicke, Peter; Levy, David H. (1992). "Regal Rigel". The New Cosmos. Waukesha: Kalmbach Books. pp. 48–53.</ref>  Because Rigel A is some 500 times as bright, Rigel B is obscured by its companion, making observations challenging. Rigel B itself is some 2500 AU from its primary (or some 60 times the distance Pluto is from the Sun) taking 25,000 years to orbit.<ref name="illinois"/>
-Some astronomers have claimed that Rigel B itself is actually a double, and if so would more accurately be called Rigel BC.  However the idea of Rigel B being a double star in itself is still highly controversial, with proponents unable to repeatedly duplicate their initial results.<ref name="peter">Jedicke, Peter; Levy, David H. (1992). "Regal Rigel". The New Cosmos. Waukesha: Kalmbach Books. pp. 48–53.</ref>
+Some astronomers have claimed that Rigel B itself is actually a double, and if so would more accurately be called Rigel BC.  However the idea of Rigel B being a double star in itself is still highly controversial, with proponents unable to repeatedly duplicate their initial results.<ref name="peter"/>
-There is also a 15th magnitude class K star, referred to as Rigel D, believed to be associated with the other stars of the Rigel system.  It is estimated to be some 11,500 AU from Rigel A and its companion, and if part of the system, would take some 250,000 years to orbit the primary.<ref name="illinois">http://www.astro.illinois.edu/~jkaler/sow/rigel.html</ref>
+There is also a 15th magnitude class K star, referred to as Rigel D, believed to be associated with the other stars of the Rigel system.  It is estimated to be some 11,500 AU from Rigel A and its companion, and if part of the system, would take some 250,000 years to orbit the primary.<ref name="illinois"/>
 [[Category:Astronomy]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:55, February 22, 2015
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	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
		+
		+	{{Stars}}

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 Rigel A is classified as a blue-white [[supergiant]] of spectral class B8 Iab.  The star contains some 17 times the mass of our [[Sun]].  While the radius of Rigel is estimated to be 74 times that of the Sun, so large, that is Rigel was at the center of our solar system, it would extend to the orbit of [[Mercury]].<ref name="illinois">http://www.astro.illinois.edu/~jkaler/sow/rigel.html</ref>  The star has 40,000 times the Sun's visual luminosity.<ref name="illinois">http://www.astro.illinois.edu/~jkaler/sow/rigel.html</ref>  Much of Rigel's radiation however, is in the [[ultraviolet]], when this is accounted for, the star's total luminosity is 150,000 times of the Sun's.<ref name="star">http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/star_worldbook.html</ref>
-Like other stars of its category, Rigel burns through its core [[hydrogen]] very quickly.  Despite its very young age, Rigel will soon burn through its hydrogen fuel in the core, if it hasn't already done so, and will eventually expand to become a red [[supergiant]].  Given Rigel's mass, it will most likely end its life in a [[supernova]] explosion.  If Rigel does go supernova, it will appear as bright as a quarter [[moon]].
+Like other stars of its category, Rigel burns through its core [[hydrogen]] very quickly.  Rigel will soon burn through its hydrogen fuel in the core, if it hasn't already done so, and will eventually expand to become a red [[supergiant]].  Given Rigel's mass, it will most likely end its life in a [[supernova]] explosion.  If Rigel does go supernova, it will appear as bright as a quarter [[moon]].
 ===Rigel B===