Tuberculosis - Revision history

DavidB4-bot: /* References */HTTP --> HTTPS #3, replaced: http://www.cdc.gov → https://www.cdc.gov

2019-04-09T23:25:17Z

References: HTTP --> HTTPS #3, replaced: http://www.cdc.gov → https://www.cdc.gov

Progressingamerica: Edward Bellamy

2015-11-22T15:13:28Z

Edward Bellamy

RJJensen: links

2008-11-28T22:13:54Z

links

SimonHarris at 21:28, July 27, 2008

2008-07-27T21:28:20Z

DeanS: wikify

2008-07-02T11:11:01Z

wikify

Knullmaskin: /* Historical Figures Felled by Tuberculosis */ added Anders Celsius alphabetically and corrected spelling error in theologian.

2008-07-02T03:22:25Z

Historical Figures Felled by Tuberculosis: added Anders Celsius alphabetically and corrected spelling error in theologian.

NathanG: br

2008-05-21T17:21:24Z

Foxtrot: etymology

2008-03-03T02:13:59Z

etymology

2008-01-20T16:50:46Z

Palmd001 at 01:04, April 17, 2007

2007-04-17T01:04:47Z

@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 ==References==
-#http://www.cdc.gov
+#https://www.cdc.gov
 #Mandell, Douglas and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, Chirchill Livingstone.

@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 *"Doc" Holliday, dentist and gunslinger
 *[[John Calvin]], religious figure
 ==See also==
@@ Line 41: / Line 42: @@
 #http://www.cdc.gov
 #Mandell, Douglas and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, Chirchill Livingstone.
 [[Category:Medicine]]
 [[Category:Diseases]]
 [[Category:Demography]]

@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 ==See also==
-*[[American Medical Association]]
+*[[Mortality]]
 ==References==
@@ Line 46: / Line 45: @@
 [[Category:Medicine]]
 [[Category:Diseases]]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 ==Epidemiology==
-Approximately one-third of the world population is infected with TB at any given time, with approximately 2 million TB-related deaths per year worldwide.
+Approximately one-third of the world population is infected with TB at any given time, with approximately 3 million TB-related deaths per year worldwide.
-People with [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus|HIV]] disease, [[cancer]], malnutrition, [[chemotherapy]], [[Illegal drugs|drug]] or [[alcohol]] abuse are especially susceptible to developing active TB.
+People with [[AIDS]], [[cancer]], malnutrition, [[chemotherapy]], [[Illegal drugs|drug]] or [[alcohol]] abuse are especially susceptible to developing active TB. The risk of infection is also related to the patient's [[genetics]], with some groups of blood antigens offering partial immunity.
-TB rates and deaths are greatest in the developing world, and TB is one of the leading causes of death in people with [[HIV]].
+TB rates and deaths are greatest in the developing world, and TB is one of the leading causes of death in people infected with [[HIV]].
-In the United States, TB rates increased during the early years of the HIV epidemic, but have since declined, and are in fact the lowest they have been since surveillance began in 1953.  However, TB still affects tens of thousands of Americans, and kills several hundred per year.
+In the United States, TB rates increased during the early years of the HIV epidemic, but have since declined, and are in fact the lowest they have been since surveillance began in 1953.  However, TB still affects tens of thousands of Americans, and kills several hundred per year. Antibiotic-resistant TB is a major problem in states with high levels of immigration from Eastern Europe, since these strains are particularly common in these countries.
 ==Natural History==
 [[Image:Tbxray.jpg|200px|right|thumb|X-Ray of patient with active TB in right upper lung]]
 [[Image:Acid-fastbacilli.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Photomicrograph of TB bacilli]]
-Tuberculosis can affect any organ in the body, but the primary disease is in the lungs.  TB is spread by prolonged contact with someone with active pulmonary TB.  This most often occurs in household contacts, or in people who work with an infected person in a workplace with poor ventilation.
+Tuberculosis can affect any organ in the body, but the primary disease is in the lungs.  TB is spread by aerosols produced by coughing, or by prolonged contact with someone with active pulmonary TB.  This most often occurs in household contacts, or in people who work with an infected person in a workplace with poor ventilation.
-*'''Latent TB''': In most people, especially those who have a normal immune system, after becoming infected, the body controls the illness.  They have no symptoms, and are not contagious. Signs of illness can be a positive TB test or typical changes on X-rays of the chest.  In a small, but significant, percentage of people, latent TB can "reactivate" and make the person ill.  Therefore, most people with latent TB are treated to eliminate the infection.
+*'''Latent TB''': In most people, especially those who have a normal immune system, after becoming infected, the body controls the illness.  They have no symptoms, and are not contagious. Signs of illness can be a positive TB test or typical changes on X-rays of the chest. The TB bacteria survive in "nodules" during this latent infection, in tissues such as the lungs, liver and lymph nodes. In a small, but significant, percentage of people, latent TB can "reactivate" and make the person ill.  Therefore, most people with latent TB are treated to eliminate the infection.
-*'''Active TB''': In some people, the initial infection can make them ill, in others, latent TB reactivates and makes them ill.  In ''pulmonary tuberculosis'' the usual symptoms are cough for longer  than three weeks, bloody sputum, fevers, night sweats, and weight loss.  At this stage, the disease is very contagious, and is likely to be fatal if not treated.
+*'''Active TB''': In some people, the initial infection can make them ill, in others, latent TB reactivates and makes them ill.  In ''pulmonary tuberculosis'' the usual symptoms are cough for longer than three weeks, bloody sputum, fevers, night sweats, and weight loss.  At this stage, the disease is very contagious, and is likely to be fatal within two to three months if not treated.
 ==Treatment==
-'''Latent TB''' is usually treated fairly easily with one to two medications, depending on local resistance patterns.  The treatment often lasts up to a year.
+'''Latent TB''' is usually treated fairly easily with one to two types of antibiotics, depending on local resistance patterns.  The treatment often lasts up to a year, since the nodules surrounding the bacteria protect them from antibiotics in the bloodstream.
 '''Active TB''' usually requires hospitalization and treatment with multiple medications.  Given that the treatment regimen is lengthy and complicated, '''Directly Observed Therapy''' (DOT) is often recommended.  There have been many legal and ethical issues involving involuntary isolation of non-compliant patients with active TB.
-'''Multi Drug Resistant TB (MDR-TB)''': Certain geographical areas have seen rises in "MDR-TB".  This is especially a problem when patients are intermittently-compliant with their therapy, as the organism develops drug-resistance.
+'''Multi Drug Resistant TB (MDR-TB)''': Certain geographical areas have seen rises in "MDR-TB".  This is especially a problem when patients are intermittently-compliant with their therapy, as the bacteria develops drug-resistance. These drug-resistant strains are also more virulent and spread rapidly.
 ==Etymology==
 The word ''tuberculosis'' derives from the [[Latin]]ate ''tuberculum'', meaning root vegetable ([[French]] ''tubercule'', [[Spanish]] and [[Portuguese]] ''tub&eacute;rculo'', [[Italian]] ''tubero''). The disease primarily afflicted poor people, who had a diet reliant on cheap root vegetables such as [[potato]]es and [[turnip]]s, so it was mistakenly thought the disease was harbored in such vegetables. It is now known that the squalor of [[poverty]] simply created unsanitary conditions that fostered the spread of the disease.
-==Historical Figures Felled by Tuberculosis==
+==Historical figures who died of Tuberculosis==
 *[[Anders Celsius]]. Scientist and Inventor
 *[[David Brainerd]], theologian

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Tuberculosis''', also known as "TB" or "consumption", is a multi-system disease caused by the organism ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis''.
+'''Tuberculosis''', also known as "TB" or "consumption", is a multi-system [[disease]] caused by the [[organism]] ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis''.
 ==Epidemiology==
 Approximately one-third of the world population is infected with TB at any given time, with approximately 2 million TB-related deaths per year worldwide.
-People with HIV disease, cancer, malnutrition, chemotherapy, drug or alcohol abuse are especially susceptible to developing active TB.
+People with [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus|HIV]] disease, [[cancer]], malnutrition, [[chemotherapy]], [[Illegal drugs|drug]] or [[alcohol]] abuse are especially susceptible to developing active TB.
 TB rates and deaths are greatest in the developing world, and TB is one of the leading causes of death in people with [[HIV]].
 In the United States, TB rates increased during the early years of the HIV epidemic, but have since declined, and are in fact the lowest they have been since surveillance began in 1953.  However, TB still affects tens of thousands of Americans, and kills several hundred per year.

@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 ==Historical Figures Felled by Tuberculosis==
-*[[David Brainerd]], theologin
+*[[Anders Celsius]]. Scientist and Inventor
 *[[Frederic Chopin]], composer
 *[[Franz Kafka]], writer

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:13, March 3, 2008
Line 26:		Line 26:

	'''Multi Drug Resistant TB (MDR-TB)''': Certain geographical areas have seen rises in "MDR-TB". This is especially a problem when patients are intermittently-compliant with their therapy, as the organism develops drug-resistance.		'''Multi Drug Resistant TB (MDR-TB)''': Certain geographical areas have seen rises in "MDR-TB". This is especially a problem when patients are intermittently-compliant with their therapy, as the organism develops drug-resistance.
		+
		+	==Etymology==
		+
		+	The word ''tuberculosis'' derives from the [[Latin]]ate ''tuberculum'', meaning root vegetable ([[French]] ''tubercule'', [[Spanish]] and [[Portuguese]] ''tubérculo'', [[Italian]] ''tubero''). The disease primarily afflicted poor people, who had a diet reliant on cheap root vegetables such as [[potato]]es and [[turnip]]s, so it was mistakenly thought the disease was harbored in such vegetables. It is now known that the squalor of [[poverty]] simply created unsanitary conditions that fostered the spread of the disease.

	==Historical Figures Felled by Tuberculosis==		==Historical Figures Felled by Tuberculosis==