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'''Anders Behring Breivik''' (born Oslo, Norway, February 13th, 1979) was accused of, and has since confessed to, murdering 77 people<ref>[http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/07/29/501364/main20085603.shtml Death Toll in Norway Attacks Rises to 77]</ref> during a killing spree in [[Norway]] on July 22, 2011. On that day, a bomb was detonated near government buildings in the capital city of [[Oslo]], killing eight. Some 90 minutes later, Breivik went to a summer camp on the island of Utoya and began shooting, killing 69 people.
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[[File:Sketch of Breivik.png|thumbnail|200px|right|Sketch of Anders Breivik]]
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'''Anders Behring Breivik''' (born Oslo, Norway, February 13, 1979) was accused of, and has since confessed to, murdering 77 people<ref>[http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/07/29/501364/main20085603.shtml Death Toll in Norway Attacks Rises to 77]</ref> during a killing spree in [[Norway]] on July 22, 2011. On that day, a bomb was detonated near government buildings in the capital city of [[Oslo]], killing eight. Some 90 minutes later, Breivik went to a summer camp on the island of Utoya and began shooting, killing 69 people, adding him to the growing [[list of atheist shooters and serial killers]].
  
Breivik describes himself as an investor, director, manager, revolutionary conservative, and resistance fighter.<ref>''2083 - A European Declaration of Independence,''p. 1398</ref> Prosecutors have said that Breivik played the video game World of Warcraft for nearly seven hours daily. <ref>[http://dailycaller.com/2012/06/08/prosecutors-norwegian-mass-murderer-played-world-of-warcraft-seven-hours-a-day/ Prosecutors:Norwegian mass-murderer played World of Warcraft seven hours a day, Daily Caller, June 8, 2012]</ref>
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Breivik describes himself as an investor, director, manager, revolutionary conservative, and resistance fighter.<ref>''2083 - A European Declaration of Independence,''p. 1398</ref> Prosecutors have said that Breivik played the video game World of Warcraft for nearly seven hours daily.<ref>[http://dailycaller.com/2012/06/08/prosecutors-norwegian-mass-murderer-played-world-of-warcraft-seven-hours-a-day/ Prosecutors:Norwegian mass-murderer played World of Warcraft seven hours a day, Daily Caller, June 8, 2012]</ref>
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On August 24, 2012, a Norwegian court found Breivik sane and guilty, and sentenced  him to prison for a period between 10 and 21 years, the maximum prison sentence for his crime, but under Norway's preventative detention law, it can be extended if Breivik is considered a danger to society.  His only apology was that he did not kill more people.<ref name="townhall.com">http://townhall.com/news/politics-elections/2012/08/24/norway_killer_to_face_sentence_for_massacre</ref>
  
 
== Attacks ==
 
== Attacks ==
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=== Shooting spree on the island of Utoya ===
 
=== Shooting spree on the island of Utoya ===
Utoya, an island located approximately 20 miles northwest of Oslo, has been used by the Worker's Youth League (AUF), the Norwegian Labor Party's youth wing, since the 1970s for summer camps.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/europe/07/23/norway.camp.youth/index.html?eref=edition How Labour Party's paradise in Utoya turned to 'hell']</ref> Between 600 to 700 people were on the island on July 22, 2011. Around 16:57 local time, a man dressed as a policeman requested passage on a local ferry over to Utoya. He stated he was there to "do research in connection with the bomb blasts".<ref name="bbc timeline"/> He was reportedly armed with a pistol and an automatic rifle.<ref name="bbc timeline"/> According to witnesses, he gathered the camp atendees around him for an announcement, then began shooting at them. The people panicked, and began running in an attempt to get away. Some tried to swim to the mainland, and were shot while still in the water.
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Utoya, an island located approximately 20 miles northwest of Oslo, has been used by the Worker's Youth League (AUF), the Norwegian Labor Party's youth wing, since the 1970s for summer camps.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/europe/07/23/norway.camp.youth/index.html?eref=edition How Labour Party's paradise in Utoya turned to 'hell']</ref> Between 600 and 700 people were on the island on July 22, 2011. Around 16:57 local time, a man dressed as a policeman requested passage on a local ferry over to Utoya. He stated he was there to "do research in connection with the bomb blasts".<ref name="bbc timeline"/> He was reportedly armed with a pistol and an automatic rifle.<ref name="bbc timeline"/> According to witnesses, he gathered the camp atendees around him for an announcement, then began shooting at them. The people panicked, and began running in an attempt to get away. Some tried to swim to the mainland, and were shot while still in the water.
  
 
The first reports of the shootings reached authorities at 17:26, and by 17:40, a specialized SWAT team was dispatched from Oslo to the island, arriving at 18:09.<ref name="bbc timeline"/> Local police were already at the ferry crossing, but were waiting for a boat. Difficulties arose when the police boat was loaded with the men and equipment; the boat was too small and began to take on water.<ref name="bbc timeline"/> Recreational boats were used instead, and the authorities arrived on the island at 18:26.<ref name="bbc timeline"/> By this time, the shootings had been going on for over an hour.
 
The first reports of the shootings reached authorities at 17:26, and by 17:40, a specialized SWAT team was dispatched from Oslo to the island, arriving at 18:09.<ref name="bbc timeline"/> Local police were already at the ferry crossing, but were waiting for a boat. Difficulties arose when the police boat was loaded with the men and equipment; the boat was too small and began to take on water.<ref name="bbc timeline"/> Recreational boats were used instead, and the authorities arrived on the island at 18:26.<ref name="bbc timeline"/> By this time, the shootings had been going on for over an hour.
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Sixty-nine people, mostly teenagers, were killed in the shooting spree, with scores of others injured. Hospital officials reported Breivik used dum-dum bullets, which are designed to cause severe internal damage because they disintegrate within the body.<ref name="bbc timeline"/>
 
Sixty-nine people, mostly teenagers, were killed in the shooting spree, with scores of others injured. Hospital officials reported Breivik used dum-dum bullets, which are designed to cause severe internal damage because they disintegrate within the body.<ref name="bbc timeline"/>
  
==Charges and investigation==
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==Charges, investigation, and conviction==
  
 
Breivik has been charged with acts of terrorism, including "destabilizing or destroying basic functions of society" and "creating serious fear in the population."  While appearing before a judge on July 25, 2011, Breivik admitted to his acts but pleaded not guilty to the charge of terrorism,<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/26/world/europe/26oslo.html?_r=1&hp Norway Suspect Denies Guilt and Suggests He Did Not Act Alone]</ref> as he believes he was acting in pre-emptive self-defense <ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/07/24/us-norway-manifesto-idUSTRE76N0X820110724 ''Norway's mass killer pursuing anti-Islam crusade''], Reuters, Sun Jul 24, 2011</ref>  
 
Breivik has been charged with acts of terrorism, including "destabilizing or destroying basic functions of society" and "creating serious fear in the population."  While appearing before a judge on July 25, 2011, Breivik admitted to his acts but pleaded not guilty to the charge of terrorism,<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/26/world/europe/26oslo.html?_r=1&hp Norway Suspect Denies Guilt and Suggests He Did Not Act Alone]</ref> as he believes he was acting in pre-emptive self-defense <ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/07/24/us-norway-manifesto-idUSTRE76N0X820110724 ''Norway's mass killer pursuing anti-Islam crusade''], Reuters, Sun Jul 24, 2011</ref>  
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Breivik planned to attack the royal palace and the Labour Party’s headquarters in central Oslo as well as other locations that would “hit the government.” Lippestad confirmed the fact that his client had “both A and B plans” when speaking to newspaper ''Dagbladet'', adding that the attacks he carried out were “probably the B plan.”<ref>[http://www.newsinenglish.no/2011/07/30/breivik-planned-palace-attack/# Breivik planned palace attack]</ref>  The 32-year-old murderer also said his bombing of government buildings in Oslo and shootings at the summer camp on Utoya island for Labour's youth wing was aimed at deterring future recruitment to the Labour party, which he blames for "mass imports of Muslims," which he accuses of engaging in "demographic warfare." <ref>http://news.sky.com/home/world-news/article/16036733</ref>
 
Breivik planned to attack the royal palace and the Labour Party’s headquarters in central Oslo as well as other locations that would “hit the government.” Lippestad confirmed the fact that his client had “both A and B plans” when speaking to newspaper ''Dagbladet'', adding that the attacks he carried out were “probably the B plan.”<ref>[http://www.newsinenglish.no/2011/07/30/breivik-planned-palace-attack/# Breivik planned palace attack]</ref>  The 32-year-old murderer also said his bombing of government buildings in Oslo and shootings at the summer camp on Utoya island for Labour's youth wing was aimed at deterring future recruitment to the Labour party, which he blames for "mass imports of Muslims," which he accuses of engaging in "demographic warfare." <ref>http://news.sky.com/home/world-news/article/16036733</ref>
 
Breivik  will be kept in custody for eight weeks, the first four weeks being spent in solitary confinement with no visitors, letters or access to media. If convicted on the charges against him in Norway, a possible 30-year prison sentence could be imposed. However, as a Norwegian prisoner serving an indeterminate sentence must show they are no longer a danger to society before being granted parole, some believe that it is technically possible that Breivik could spend the rest of his life in prison. The prosecution said Breivik had behaved calmly and did not seem to be affected by events. The lawyer representing Anders Behring Breivik has stated that his client is most likely insane. <ref>[http://www.christianpost.com/news/norway-shooting-bombing-anders-behring-breivik-insane-lawyer-says-52835 ''The Christian Post, Norway Shooting, Bombing: Anders Behring Breivik Insane, Lawyer Says''],  Jul. 26 2011</ref> 
 
  
 
Norwegian newspaper ''VG Nett'' claims Anders Behring Breivik had been put on a terrorist watchlist after illegally buying large amount of chemicals online from a Polish retailer.
 
Norwegian newspaper ''VG Nett'' claims Anders Behring Breivik had been put on a terrorist watchlist after illegally buying large amount of chemicals online from a Polish retailer.
  
The Norwegian Foreign Minister had visited the Labour Youth League summer camp on the island of Utoya Thursday, and was met with claims that Norway must recognize a Palestinian state,<ref>http://theintelhub.com/2011/07/23/breaking-camp-in-norway-where-shooting-occurred-had-just-concluded-pro-palestinian-rally-the-day-before</ref> which Breivik also opposes, as part of his nationalistic beliefs. Breivik also supports nationalistic movements in India.
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The Norwegian Foreign Minister had visited the Labour Youth League summer camp on the island of Utoya Thursday, and was met with claims that Norway must recognize a Palestinian state,<ref>http://theintelhub.com/2011/07/23/breaking-camp-in-norway-where-shooting-occurred-had-just-concluded-pro-palestinian-rally-the-day-before</ref> which Breivik also opposes as part of his nationalistic beliefs. Breivik also supports nationalistic movements in India.
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While Breivik was custody, the prosecution said Breivik had behaved calmly and did not seem to be affected by events. The lawyer representing Anders Behring Breivik had stated that his client is most likely insane.<ref>[http://www.christianpost.com/news/norway-shooting-bombing-anders-behring-breivik-insane-lawyer-says-52835 ''The Christian Post, Norway Shooting, Bombing: Anders Behring Breivik Insane, Lawyer Says''],  Jul. 26 2011</ref>  Since Breivik admitted to the attacks, his sanity was the key issue to be decided by the trial, with two psychiatric teams reaching opposite conclusions. 
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On August 24, 2012, a five-judge panel declared him sane and guilty, and sentenced him to a 21-year prison sentence, but which can be extended for as long as he's considered dangerous to society. Legal experts said that likely means he will be locked up for life. In his final words, Breivik insolently regretted not killing more people, apologizing to other "militant nationalists" for not achieving an even higher death toll. Neither the prosecution or the defense indicated they would appeal.<ref name="townhall.com"/>
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Conservative media has called attention to Breivik's relative plush prison conditions. Although being in solitary confinement, his prison compound consists of three personal cells, with one being  for living, one for studying, and a third unit for physical exercise.  Breivik is able to do his own laundry and cook, while the study cell contains  personal computer, not connected to the Internet,  and a  television and a PlayStation 2. Breivik threatened to go on a hunger strike if it was not upgraded to a PlayStation 3. In April, 2016, an Oslo court ruled that his solitary confinement and undressed searches constituted a breach of human rights.<ref>http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/04/20/all-the-fun-things-anders-breivik-can-do-in-his-inhuman-prison.html</ref>
  
 
==Breivik's manifesto and ideology==
 
==Breivik's manifesto and ideology==
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Over a period of approximately three years, Breivik wrote and/or compiled a 1,518 page, partly plagiaristic manifesto titled ''2083 – A European Declaration of Independence,'' half of which he states he wrote himself. He sent this to 8,000 dedicated nationalists just before his murderous rampages began, and which was subsequently converted to a PDF file<ref>[http://www.wnd.com/files/2011/07/2083manifesto.pdf Manifesto]</ref> and posted on the Internet after the attacks.  
 
Over a period of approximately three years, Breivik wrote and/or compiled a 1,518 page, partly plagiaristic manifesto titled ''2083 – A European Declaration of Independence,'' half of which he states he wrote himself. He sent this to 8,000 dedicated nationalists just before his murderous rampages began, and which was subsequently converted to a PDF file<ref>[http://www.wnd.com/files/2011/07/2083manifesto.pdf Manifesto]</ref> and posted on the Internet after the attacks.  
  
In his manifesto Breivik details how Islam invaded Europe in the past and was defeated, and expresses plans to combat, by an "armed indigenous rights movements/resistance movement" (p. 668), the latest Islamic invasion/attack in which they employ "demographic warfare." (p. 816) Breivik resistance involves raising up an army of ''Justiciar Knights,'' ''PCCTS,'' ("Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici" or "Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon" in English), commonly known as the Knights Templar,(p. 1509) which Breivik claimed had been re-formed in London in 2002.
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Breivik's manifesto states that he is "100&nbsp;percent Christian",<ref name="Times Union"/> but not "excessively religious";<ref name="Times Union"/> he considers himself a "cultural Christian" and a "modern-day crusader".<ref name="Times Union"/><ref name="ibtimes0725">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/anders-breivik-manifesto-shooterbomber-downplayed-religion-secular-influence-key-817273|title=Anders Breivik Manifesto: Shooter/Bomber Downplayed Religion, Secular Influence Key|work=International Business Times|accessdate=31 May 2015}}</ref> Breivik says the term ''cultural Christian'' means preserving European culture, and adds, "It is enough that you are a Christian-agnostic or a Christian-atheist (an atheist who wants to preserve at least the basics of the European Christian cultural legacy...)"<ref name="ibtimes0725"/><ref name="Juergensmeyer"/> He stated that he planned to pray to God for help during his attacks.<ref>{{cite news|first=Duncan|last=Gardham|title=Norway killings: Breivik's plan for the day|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=UK|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/norway/8663762/Norway-killings-Breiviks-plan-for-the-day.html|accessdate=29 July 2011|date=26 July 2011|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110727060134/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/norway/8663762/Norway-killings-Breiviks-plan-for-the-day.html|archivedate=27 July 2011|deadurl=no}}</ref> The manifesto also states "I'm not going to pretend I'm a very religious person, as that would be a lie"; Breivik calls religion a crutch and a source for drawing mental strength, and says "I've always been very pragmatic and influenced by my secular surroundings and environment."  He goes on to state that "myself and many more like me do not necessarily have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ and God."<ref name="ibtimes0725"/><ref name=Relationship2>{{cite web|first=Nicola|last=Menzie|title=Norway massacre suspect manifesto rejects personal relationship with Jesus|url=http://au.christiantoday.com/article/norway-massacre-suspect-manifesto-rejects-personal-relationship-with-jesus/11623.htm|work=[[Christianity Today]]|date=26 July 2011|accessdate=28 July 2011}}</ref>
  
Breivik's compendium/book presents "advanced ideological, practical, tactical, organizational and rhetorical solutions and strategies" for his war against "Islam and the cultural Marxism/multiculturalism in Western Europe," and its different political fronts, and the reestablishment of a secular "Christian" Catholic culture, and thus the restoration of Europe's cultural self-confidence (nationalism) by 2083. (pp. 4, 5, 802) Its extensive instructions include prolonged violence and the advocation of the use of drugs to enhance performance.  
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In his manifesto  Breivik details how Islam invaded Europe in the past and was defeated, and expresses plans to combat, by an "armed indigenous rights movements/resistance movement" (p.&nbsp;668), the latest Islamic invasion/attack in which they employ "demographic warfare." (p.&nbsp;816) Breivik resistance involves raising up an army of ''Justiciar Knights,'' ''PCCTS,'' ("Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici" or "Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon" in English), commonly known as the Knights Templar,(p.&nbsp;1509) which Breivik claimed had been re-formed in London in 2002.
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Breivik's compendium/book presents "advanced ideological, practical, tactical, organizational and rhetorical solutions and strategies" for his war against "Islam and the cultural Marxism/multiculturalism in Western Europe," and its different political fronts, and the reestablishment of a secular "Christian" Catholic culture, and thus the restoration of Europe's cultural self-confidence (nationalism) by 2083. (pp.&nbsp;4, 5, 802) Its extensive instructions include prolonged violence and the advocation of the use of drugs to enhance performance.  
  
 
The manifesto also shows that Breivik was an active player of the World of Warcraft (and other computer games), and indicates that he was inspired by such themes.<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/07/24/us-norway-manifesto-idUSTRE76N0X820110724 Norway's mass killer pursuing anti-Islam crusade]</ref>
 
The manifesto also shows that Breivik was an active player of the World of Warcraft (and other computer games), and indicates that he was inspired by such themes.<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/07/24/us-norway-manifesto-idUSTRE76N0X820110724 Norway's mass killer pursuing anti-Islam crusade]</ref>
  
While the manifesto contains a legal disclaimer that states certain chapters in Book 2 and Book 3 (a Declaration of pre-emptive War) were hypothetical, and "must not be confused with an actual plan, or strategy to attempt to harm any individuals...," and that  the author does not condone such, (p. 766-68) yet it has become apparent that this disclaimer itself was part of his malevolent strategy.
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While the manifesto contains a legal disclaimer that states certain chapters in Book 2 and Book 3 (a Declaration of pre-emptive War) were hypothetical, and "must not be confused with an actual plan, or strategy to attempt to harm any individuals...," and that  the author does not condone such, (p.&nbsp;766-68) yet it has become apparent that this disclaimer itself was part of his malevolent strategy.
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Many [[liberal media]] articles characterized the gesture Breivik made in court as a "right-wing salute."<ref>http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/4259574/Breivik-makes-far-right-salute-as-trial-begins.html</ref><ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/norway/9206193/Norway-killer-Anders-Behring-Breivik-trial-day-one-as-it-happened.html</ref><ref>http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2130364/Anders-Behring-Breivik-trial-Norwegian-killer-breaks-Vlad-Impaler-video-played.html</ref><ref>http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/314866</ref> Fox News described it as a "clenched-fist salute."<ref>http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/08/24/norway-court-deems-breivik-sane-sentences-killer-to-prison.html</ref>
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Breivik confessed he that manipulated the mainstream media by using "counterjihad" rhetoric in order to protect "ethno-nationalists" from media scrutiny and to damage the reputation of the counter-jihad movement including [[Robert Spencer]] and Fjordman who he considers to part of a "Jewish network." The liberal media has ignored Breivik's confession.
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<ref>http://www.frontpagemag.com/point/217337/breivik-opposed-spencer-fjordman-exploited-daniel-greenfield</ref>
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<ref>http://www.frontpagemag.com/point/215274/breivik-tried-undermine-counterjihad-admits-nazi-daniel-greenfield?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+fpm+%28FrontPage+Magazine+%C2%BB+All%29</ref>
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<ref>http://www.frontpagemag.com/fpm/216466/english-language-media-ignores-breiviks-coming-out-robert-spencer</ref>
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<ref>http://www.frontpagemag.com/fpm/217331/breiviks-confession-and-medias-silence-fjordman</ref>
  
 
==Religion and moral views==
 
==Religion and moral views==
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Likewise, some reports were quick to described Breivik as a “Christian terrorist,” based largely on his self-identity as one on his Facebook profile, and his postings to some Christian fundamentalist type websites on certain shared views.
 
Likewise, some reports were quick to described Breivik as a “Christian terrorist,” based largely on his self-identity as one on his Facebook profile, and his postings to some Christian fundamentalist type websites on certain shared views.
  
However, in contrast to the common theological understanding of Christian fundamentalism, that of "militantly anti-modernist Protestant evangelicalism," and its emphasis on Protestant doctrine and salvation by faith,<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=bKXfuAYqI8EC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Fundamentalism+and+American+Culture&hl=en&src=bmrr&ei=ygAuToT3KJTfgQfUycWlCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=anti-modernist%20Protestant&f=false George M. Marsden, "Fundamentalism and American culture]," pp. 3, 4, 110</ref> in his manifesto, Breivik referred to "Protestantism as the Marxism of Christianity". (p. 1346) He criticized salvation by faith and deplored "Christian fundamentalist theocracy" as "everything we do not want", in favor of "a secular European society based on our Christian cultural heritage". (p. 1346) He also commended the separation of church and state. (p. 1132)  
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However, in contrast to the common theological understanding of Christian fundamentalism, that of "militantly anti-modernist Protestant evangelicalism," and its emphasis on Protestant doctrine and salvation by faith,<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=bKXfuAYqI8EC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Fundamentalism+and+American+Culture&hl=en&src=bmrr&ei=ygAuToT3KJTfgQfUycWlCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=anti-modernist%20Protestant&f=false George M. Marsden, "Fundamentalism and American culture]," pp. 3, 4, 110</ref> in his manifesto, Breivik referred to "Protestantism as the Marxism of Christianity". (p.&nbsp;1346) He criticized salvation by faith and deplored "Christian fundamentalist theocracy" as "everything we do not want", in favor of "a secular European society based on our Christian cultural heritage". (p.&nbsp;1346) He also commended the separation of church and state. (p.&nbsp;1132)  
  
Breivik invoked [[Roman Catholic]] canon law and the example of the [[Crusades]] for support, and looked toward a "Crusader Pope." (p. 1135) He also believed those who died in his case were worthy of an [[indulgence]], (pp. 1324-26, 46) and stated, "If there is a God I will be allowed to enter heaven as all other martyrs for the Church in the past," (p. 1345) and advocated that such take of "the [[Eucharist]] (Holy Communion/The Lord's Supper)" for the practical purpose of strength to face such death. (p. 1345)  
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Breivik invoked [[Roman Catholic]] canon law and the example of the [[Crusades]] for support, and looked toward a "Crusader Pope." (p.&nbsp;1135) He also believed those who died in his case were worthy of an [[indulgence]], (pp.&nbsp;1324–26, 46) and stated, "If there is a God I will be allowed to enter heaven as all other martyrs for the Church in the past," (p.&nbsp;1345) and advocated that such take of "the [[Eucharist]] (Holy Communion/The Lord's Supper)" for the practical purpose of strength to face such death. (p.&nbsp;1345)  
  
Breivik also considered it sufficient that one be "a Christian-agnostic or a Christian atheist" to fight for his Christian cultural heritage, (p. 1361, 62) and held that "it is essential that science takes an undisputed precedence over biblical teachings." (p. 1403)
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Breivik also considered it sufficient that one be "a Christian-agnostic or a Christian atheist" to fight for his Christian cultural heritage, (p.&nbsp;1361, 62) and held that "it is essential that science takes an undisputed precedence over biblical teachings." (p.&nbsp;1403)
  
Breivik denied the need for a personal relationship with Christ to be a Christian, stating, “If you have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ and God then you are a religious Christian. Myself and many more like me do not necessarily have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ and God. We do however believe in Christianity as a cultural, social, identity and moral platform. This makes us Christian.” (p. 1307)
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Breivik denied the need for a personal relationship with Christ to be a Christian, stating, “If you have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ and God then you are a religious Christian. Myself and many more like me do not necessarily have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ and God. We do however believe in Christianity as a cultural, social, identity and moral platform. This makes us Christian.” (p.&nbsp;1307)
  
 
In response to the question as to why he choose an allegiance to a group with Christian values and pan-European goals instead of a purely national/regional group, Breivik stated that,  
 
In response to the question as to why he choose an allegiance to a group with Christian values and pan-European goals instead of a purely national/regional group, Breivik stated that,  
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</blockquote>  
 
</blockquote>  
  
In addition, Breivik stated that after 5 years in the Freemasons, he was finally accepted for rank 4-5. However, due to lack of time he decided to decline the offer and told them he would be unavailable until autumn 2011, due to extensive traveling.  (p. 1431)
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In addition, Breivik stated that after 5 years in the Freemasons, he was finally accepted for rank 4-5. However, due to lack of time he decided to decline the offer and told them he would be unavailable until autumn 2011, due to extensive traveling.  (p.&nbsp;1431)
  
In an insight on his personal morality, Breivik was fond of the clubs in Hungary, though he disliked rock music. He avoided affairs with females for the sake of his mission, although he had engaged in fornication less recently, which he stated was "a relatively small sin compared to the huge amounts of grace I am about to generate with my martyrdom operation." He also revealed that he had reserved a substantial sum from his operations budget which he intend to spend on a quality prostitute just before or after he attended his final martyr's mass in Frogner Church in order to place him  "biologically, mentally and spiritually at ease."  (p. 1424)
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In an insight on his personal morality, Breivik was fond of the clubs in Hungary, though he disliked rock music. He avoided affairs with females for the sake of his mission, although he had engaged in fornication less recently, which he stated was "a relatively small sin compared to the huge amounts of grace I am about to generate with my martyrdom operation." He also revealed that he had reserved a substantial sum from his operations budget which he intend to spend on a quality prostitute just before or after he attended his final martyr's mass in Frogner Church in order to place him  "biologically, mentally and spiritually at ease."  (p.&nbsp;1424)
  
While he avoided getting drunk due to the priority of his mission, he advocated the use of performance-enhancing drugs to that end, and he did enjoy getting very drunk at a birthday party. (p. 1415) He also played video games for pleasure and motivation, such as those in the "World of Warcraft" series and "Dragon Age Origins", and stated, "I regret to admit that I’ve become a notorious downloader of pirated movies, series and games etc." (p. 1418, 24, 25)
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While he avoided getting drunk due to the priority of his mission, he advocated the use of performance-enhancing drugs to that end, and he did enjoy getting very drunk at a birthday party. (p.&nbsp;1415) He also played video games for pleasure and motivation, such as those in the "World of Warcraft" series and "Dragon Age Origins", and stated, "I regret to admit that I’ve become a notorious downloader of pirated movies, series and games etc." (p.&nbsp;1418, 24, 25)
  
 
==Responses==  
 
==Responses==  
The attacks left the world stunned, not only due the number killed in such a manner, but because it happened in Norway, a country seen as relatively peaceful. And which was also due to the murdering being done by a blond haired, green eyed 32-year-old gunman, looking much like a Nordic ideal (he claimed Viking ancestry), who apparently had no criminal record other than traffic violations. Jens Breivik, the father of Anders Behring Breivik, who said his son cut off contact with him in 1995 (Breivik was 15-16 years old), sent his condolences to "all those who have suffered" as a result of the attacks, and said he is in "a complete state of shock and has not recovered".  
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The attacks left the world stunned, not only due the number killed in such a manner, but because it happened in Norway, a country seen as relatively peaceful. And which was also due to the murdering being done by a blond haired, green eyed 32-year-old gunman, looking much like a Nordic ideal (he claimed Viking ancestry), who apparently had no criminal record other than traffic violations. Jens Breivik, the father of Anders Behring Breivik, who said his son cut off contact with him in 1995 (Breivik was 15–16 years old), sent his condolences to "all those who have suffered" as a result of the attacks, and said he is in "a complete state of shock and has not recovered".  
  
 
Within a day, over 27,000 people signed up via Facebook for a memorial service in Oslo the next day, with numbers increasing rapidly. It was later reported that the whole country was watching the service. "Not a man in sight outside."  
 
Within a day, over 27,000 people signed up via Facebook for a memorial service in Oslo the next day, with numbers increasing rapidly. It was later reported that the whole country was watching the service. "Not a man in sight outside."  
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But [[atheist]] antagonist [[Bill Maher]] rejected that truth and asserted, "Religion ... gives people license to commit crazy acts," and warned of Christianity becoming "the violent blood-lusty religion it was under the crusades," ignoring that his own atheistic moral reasoning can justify the same or worse as false religion, while New Testament Christianity does not support such religious violence.  
 
But [[atheist]] antagonist [[Bill Maher]] rejected that truth and asserted, "Religion ... gives people license to commit crazy acts," and warned of Christianity becoming "the violent blood-lusty religion it was under the crusades," ignoring that his own atheistic moral reasoning can justify the same or worse as false religion, while New Testament Christianity does not support such religious violence.  
  
Republican Margaret Hoover responded to Mayer on his show by referring 50 million  who were were killed in the 20th century in the name of atheism and communism (though 250 million may be more accurate<ref>[http://www.scholarscorner.com/apologia/deathtoll.html ''Atheism's Body Count - Ideology and Human Suffering'']</ref>), what she called "ideology run amok," and that Breivik only called himself a Christian, and in contrast to Islam, he was not "connected to a well -funded global terror network."<ref>[http://www.christianpost.com/news/norway-shooting-bombing-bill-maher-insists-suspect-is-a-christian-terrorist-53116 Norway Shooting, Bombing: Bill Maher Insists Suspect Is a 'Christian Terrorist'] The Christian Post, U.S., Sat, Jul. 30 2011</ref>
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Republican Margaret Hoover responded to Mayer on his show by referring 50 million  who were killed in the 20th century in the name of atheism and communism (though 250 million may be more accurate<ref>[http://www.scholarscorner.com/apologia/deathtoll.html ''Atheism's Body Count - Ideology and Human Suffering'']</ref>), what she called "ideology run amok," and that Breivik only called himself a Christian, and in contrast to Islam, he was not "connected to a well -funded global terror network."<ref>[http://www.christianpost.com/news/norway-shooting-bombing-bill-maher-insists-suspect-is-a-christian-terrorist-53116 Norway Shooting, Bombing: Bill Maher Insists Suspect Is a 'Christian Terrorist'] The Christian Post, U.S., Sat, Jul. 30 2011</ref>
  
The ''New York Times'' (which Breivik references a few times in his manifesto), in a opinion piece by Roger Cohen titled, ''Breivik and His Enablers,'' used the killing to implicate [[Sarah Palin]] with the attack on Representative [[Gabrielle Giffords]], while naming Republicans such as former House Speaker [[Newt Gingrich]] and Representative Peter King as "ideological fellow travelers" with Breivik, as well as "U.S. church pastors using their bully pulpits week after week to say America is a Christian nation under imminent threat from Islam." The columnist called such [[bigotry]], while he exhibited his own bigotry against the latter group of people, linking them to the actions of Breivik, and "a racist and murderous European right."<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/26/opinion/26iht-edcohen26.html?_r=1 "Breivik and His Enablers"] July 25, 2011</ref>
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The ''New York Times'' (which Breivik references a few times in his manifesto), in an opinion piece by Roger Cohen titled, ''Breivik and His Enablers,'' used the killing to implicate [[Sarah Palin]] with the attack on Representative [[Gabrielle Giffords]], while naming Republicans such as former House Speaker [[Newt Gingrich]] and Representative Peter King as "ideological fellow travelers" with Breivik, as well as "U.S. church pastors using their bully pulpits week after week to say America is a Christian nation under imminent threat from Islam." The columnist called such [[bigotry]], while he exhibited his own bigotry against the latter group of people, linking them to the actions of Breivik, and "a racist and murderous European right."<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/26/opinion/26iht-edcohen26.html?_r=1 "Breivik and His Enablers"] July 25, 2011</ref>
  
 
At the least, liberal journalists charged that Breivik seems to have been motivated by the view of right versus wrong that animates the "Christian worldview," which pits Marxism, multiculturalism, Islam, etc. as enemies of God and truth,<ref>[http://www.religiondispatches.org/dispatches/sarahposner/4934/how_breivik%E2%80%99s_%E2%80%9Ccultural_analysis%E2%80%9D_is_drawn_from_the_%E2%80%9Cchristian_worldview%E2%80%9D/ Sarah Posner, "How Breivik’s “Cultural Analysis” is Drawn from the “Christian Worldview”"]</ref> while the same journalists fight against evangelical Christian faith, traditional morals and those who uphold them as being enemies of liberalism's deleterious social experiment that has cost America and the world greatly in souls, lives and money.<ref>[http://peacebyjesus.witnesstoday.org/RevealingStatistics.html Revealing Statistics: America in Decline; Present Costs of the War against God]</ref>
 
At the least, liberal journalists charged that Breivik seems to have been motivated by the view of right versus wrong that animates the "Christian worldview," which pits Marxism, multiculturalism, Islam, etc. as enemies of God and truth,<ref>[http://www.religiondispatches.org/dispatches/sarahposner/4934/how_breivik%E2%80%99s_%E2%80%9Ccultural_analysis%E2%80%9D_is_drawn_from_the_%E2%80%9Cchristian_worldview%E2%80%9D/ Sarah Posner, "How Breivik’s “Cultural Analysis” is Drawn from the “Christian Worldview”"]</ref> while the same journalists fight against evangelical Christian faith, traditional morals and those who uphold them as being enemies of liberalism's deleterious social experiment that has cost America and the world greatly in souls, lives and money.<ref>[http://peacebyjesus.witnesstoday.org/RevealingStatistics.html Revealing Statistics: America in Decline; Present Costs of the War against God]</ref>
  
Others also cite evidence that liberalism is more prone to violence and terrorism.<ref>[http://townhall.com/columnists/johnhawkins/2010/03/16/liberal_violence_five_names_you_should_know/page/full Five names you should know]</ref><ref>http://pushbacknow.net/2011/01/16/history-of-liberal-violence History of liberal violence]</ref>
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Others also cite evidence that liberalism is more prone to violence and terrorism.<ref>[http://townhall.com/columnists/johnhawkins/2010/03/16/liberal_violence_five_names_you_should_know/page/full Five names you should know]</ref><ref>[http://pushbacknow.net/2011/01/16/history-of-liberal-violence History of liberal violence]</ref>
  
 
In contrast to the overall reaction by Islamic authorities to the acts of Muslim terrorists, the Christian community has been quick to condemn the attacks by Breivik as being contrary to authentic Christianity. Gordon Showell-Rogers, Associate International Director of the World Evangelical Alliance (WEA), stated,  
 
In contrast to the overall reaction by Islamic authorities to the acts of Muslim terrorists, the Christian community has been quick to condemn the attacks by Breivik as being contrary to authentic Christianity. Gordon Showell-Rogers, Associate International Director of the World Evangelical Alliance (WEA), stated,  
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Many liberal secular sources were quick to label Breivik a ''Christian extremist'', a "Christian fundamentalist with right-wing connections," or a "Christian terrorist," based upon a Facebook and a Twitter account in which he identifies himself as a Christian and a conservative.
 
Many liberal secular sources were quick to label Breivik a ''Christian extremist'', a "Christian fundamentalist with right-wing connections," or a "Christian terrorist," based upon a Facebook and a Twitter account in which he identifies himself as a Christian and a conservative.
  
However, rather than being product of  evangelical or fundamental Bible-preaching, which historically has taught that it is fundamentally contrary to Christ to engage in religious violence, or after the manner of Breivik, further research revealed that the Christianity of Breivik was that of a "cultural Christian," one that denied the necessity of the conversionary new birth (John 3:3) and its personal relationship with Christ. (p. 1307)  
+
However, rather than being product of  evangelical or fundamental Bible-preaching, which historically has taught that it is fundamentally contrary to Christ to engage in religious violence, or after the manner of Breivik, further research revealed that the Christianity of Breivik was that of a "cultural Christian," one that denied the necessity of the conversionary new birth (John 3:3) and its personal relationship with Christ. (p.&nbsp;1307)  
  
Breivik also claimed to be a fan of some violent video games, and whose favorite television show was the serial killer show "Dexter."<ref>[http://www.theatlanticwire.com/global/2011/07/christian-fundamentalist-charged-death-toll-norway-soars-past-90/40321 Christian fundamentalist charged]</ref> He was also an advocate of performance enhancing drugs for his mission, and was a somewhat advanced Mason.   
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Breivik also claimed to be a fan of some violent video games, and whose favorite television show was the serial killer show "Dexter."<ref>[http://www.theatlanticwire.com/global/2011/07/christian-fundamentalist-charged-death-toll-norway-soars-past-90/40321 Christian fundamentalist charged]</ref> He was also an advocate of performance-enhancing drugs for his mission, and was a somewhat advanced Mason.   
  
 
Although Breivik valued Christian morality in general, and had a perverse hope of glorification as a martyr, much of the value he placed upon religion was for the practical purposes of fulfilling his mission.  
 
Although Breivik valued Christian morality in general, and had a perverse hope of glorification as a martyr, much of the value he placed upon religion was for the practical purposes of fulfilling his mission.  
  
While Breivik could express a lucid understanding of problems due to liberalism, he also evidenced various delusions. His method of achieving a "a secular European society based on our Christian cultural heritage", (p. 1346) was itself immoral, and not in accordance with Scripture, as was much of his idea of a such a society itself.<ref>[http://www.christiantoday.com/article/just.how.christian.is.anders.behring.breivik/28334.htm "Just how Christian is Anders Behring Breivik?"], Christian Post, Tuesday, July 26, 2011</ref>
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While Breivik could express a lucid understanding of problems due to liberalism, he also evidenced various delusions. His method of achieving a "a secular European society based on our Christian cultural heritage", (p.&nbsp;1346) was itself immoral, and not in accordance with Scripture, as was much of his idea of a such a society itself.<ref>[http://www.christiantoday.com/article/just.how.christian.is.anders.behring.breivik/28334.htm "Just how Christian is Anders Behring Breivik?"], Christian Post, Tuesday, July 26, 2011</ref>
  
Breivik's goal seems to have been to bring about a repristinated Norway according to the memory of his youth and his interpretation of history, with a secular Christian but Catholic culture. He saw Islam as engaging in another invasion, this time by a birth rate far above that of the "indigenous" people, whom he compared to American Indians. (p. 688)  
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Breivik's goal seems to have been to bring about a repristinated Norway according to the memory of his youth and his interpretation of history, with a secular Christian but Catholic culture. He saw Islam as engaging in another invasion, this time by a birth rate far above that of the "indigenous" people, whom he compared to American Indians. (p.&nbsp;688)  
  
His antipathy toward the Islamisation of Europe apparently had beginnings far earlier, as he states that he remembers Muslim gangs in the 90's "that systematically harassed, robbed and beat ethnic Norwegian youngsters who were unfortunate enough to not have the right affiliations." (p. 1382)
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His antipathy toward the Islamisation of Europe apparently had beginnings far earlier, as he states that he remembers Muslim gangs in the 90's "that systematically harassed, robbed and beat ethnic Norwegian youngsters who were unfortunate enough to not have the right affiliations." (p.&nbsp;1382)
  
Anders Breivik’s motivation for targeting of the youth camp of the Norwegian Labour Party was apparently due to its support of the Islamization of Europe, which some assert implicitly supported terrorism. The day before the massacre, Norwegian Foreign Minister Gahre-Store visited the camp and was greeted with banners calling for a boycott of Israel, and Gahre-Store responded with an anti-Israel speech to cheers from the campers. <ref>[http://frontpagemag.com/2011/08/01/something-rotten-in-norway/print/Something Rotten in Norway], FrontPage magazine, August 1, 2011</ref>
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Anders Breivik’s motivation for targeting of the youth camp of the Norwegian Labour Party was apparently due to its support of the Islamization of Europe, which some assert implicitly supported terrorism. The day before the massacre, Norwegian Foreign Minister Gahre-Store visited the camp and was greeted with banners calling for a boycott of Israel, and Gahre-Store responded with an anti-Israel speech to cheers from the campers.<ref>[http://frontpagemag.com/2011/08/01/something-rotten-in-norway/print/Something Rotten in Norway], FrontPage magazine, August 1, 2011</ref>
  
However, his best friend was a man named Arsalan who was a Pakistani, 1389) and Breivik also asserted. "I don't hate Muslims at all. I acknowledge that there are magnificent Muslim individuals in Europe. In fact, I have had several Muslim friends over the years, some of which I still respect. This does not mean however that I will accept an Islamic presence in Europe. Muslim individuals who do not assimilate 100% within 2020 will be deported as soon as we manage to seize power. Although I do admit that I am disgusted by the current development, I would rather say I'm driven by my love for Europe, European culture and all Europeans. This does not mean that I oppose diversity. But appreciating diversity does not mean that you support genocide of your own culture and people by accepting for example Islamic Demographic Warfare." (p. 1382)
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However, his best friend was a man named Arsalan who was a Pakistani, (1389) and Breivik also asserted. "I don't hate Muslims at all. I acknowledge that there are magnificent Muslim individuals in Europe. In fact, I have had several Muslim friends over the years, some of which I still respect. This does not mean however that I will accept an Islamic presence in Europe. Muslim individuals who do not assimilate 100% within 2020 will be deported as soon as we manage to seize power. Although I do admit that I am disgusted by the current development, I would rather say I'm driven by my love for Europe, European culture and all Europeans. This does not mean that I oppose diversity. But appreciating diversity does not mean that you support genocide of your own culture and people by accepting for example Islamic Demographic Warfare." (p.&nbsp;1382)
  
Breivik was anti-Nazi and also supported nationalists in India in general, who seek to make the Indian state a "Hindu nation" and its Sikh, Buddhist and Jain minorities incorporated into Hinduism, and impugned Christian missionary work among the lower caste. (p. 1475)  
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Breivik was anti-Nazi and also supported nationalists in India in general, who seek to make the Indian state a "Hindu nation" and its Sikh, Buddhist and Jain minorities incorporated into Hinduism, and impugned Christian missionary work among the lower caste. (p.&nbsp;1475)  
  
 
It therefore seems evident that what Breivik was engaged in was a culture war for the institution of a quasi-Catholic based secular culture as opposed to Islam, but his murderous means of waging such was like those of the Muslim extremists that he abhorred, and which methods afforded him little moral high ground. Also, paradoxically, his manifesto, with its guide to waging war, may have provided Muslim terrorists and other violent radicals with improved tactics, while his actions are expected to make it more difficult to peacefully support conservative values.  
 
It therefore seems evident that what Breivik was engaged in was a culture war for the institution of a quasi-Catholic based secular culture as opposed to Islam, but his murderous means of waging such was like those of the Muslim extremists that he abhorred, and which methods afforded him little moral high ground. Also, paradoxically, his manifesto, with its guide to waging war, may have provided Muslim terrorists and other violent radicals with improved tactics, while his actions are expected to make it more difficult to peacefully support conservative values.  
  
Although Breivik's legal disclaimer states that his manifesto is "a fictional account" by a "sci-fi writer" using a new writing style "that has the potential to shock the reader with an incredibly credible fictional plot (written in first, second and third person narrative), it seems apparent that the only part of the book intended to be fiction was his statement that "the author or distributor does not condone or agree with any of the descriptions or methods used in this book and the related chapters." (p. 767)
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Although Breivik's legal disclaimer states that his manifesto is "a fictional account" by a "sci-fi writer" using a new writing style "that has the potential to shock the reader with an incredibly credible fictional plot (written in first, second and third person narrative), it seems apparent that the only part of the book intended to be fiction was his statement that "the author or distributor does not condone or agree with any of the descriptions or methods used in this book and the related chapters." (p.&nbsp;767)
  
 
However, it may be speculated that Breivik's lack of distinction between fiction and reality was fostered by his indulgence in computer games. The pretense of writing fiction perhaps also allowed him to advocate and plan things that more objectively and rationally he might have not engaged in. In addition to the calculated killing, in dealing with the need for absolutely committed comrades, he stated that,  
 
However, it may be speculated that Breivik's lack of distinction between fiction and reality was fostered by his indulgence in computer games. The pretense of writing fiction perhaps also allowed him to advocate and plan things that more objectively and rationally he might have not engaged in. In addition to the calculated killing, in dealing with the need for absolutely committed comrades, he stated that,  
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Revision as of 21:46, September 9, 2018

Sketch of Anders Breivik

Anders Behring Breivik (born Oslo, Norway, February 13, 1979) was accused of, and has since confessed to, murdering 77 people[1] during a killing spree in Norway on July 22, 2011. On that day, a bomb was detonated near government buildings in the capital city of Oslo, killing eight. Some 90 minutes later, Breivik went to a summer camp on the island of Utoya and began shooting, killing 69 people, adding him to the growing list of atheist shooters and serial killers.

Breivik describes himself as an investor, director, manager, revolutionary conservative, and resistance fighter.[2] Prosecutors have said that Breivik played the video game World of Warcraft for nearly seven hours daily.[3]

On August 24, 2012, a Norwegian court found Breivik sane and guilty, and sentenced him to prison for a period between 10 and 21 years, the maximum prison sentence for his crime, but under Norway's preventative detention law, it can be extended if Breivik is considered a danger to society. His only apology was that he did not kill more people.[4]

Attacks

Oslo bombing

At approximately 15:26 local time on Friday, July 22, 2011, a car bomb detonated in the political center of Oslo. Eight people were killed, and the offices of Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg were damaged, along with several other government buildings. Additional undetonated explosives were also located in the area, police confirmed the next day. The explosives were believed to be comprised of fertilizer and fuel, similar to the bomb used in the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing.[5] Norwegian police later revealed that Breivik planned to attack the royal palace and the Labour Party’s headquarters in central Oslo as well as other locations that would “hit the government.”

Shooting spree on the island of Utoya

Utoya, an island located approximately 20 miles northwest of Oslo, has been used by the Worker's Youth League (AUF), the Norwegian Labor Party's youth wing, since the 1970s for summer camps.[6] Between 600 and 700 people were on the island on July 22, 2011. Around 16:57 local time, a man dressed as a policeman requested passage on a local ferry over to Utoya. He stated he was there to "do research in connection with the bomb blasts".[5] He was reportedly armed with a pistol and an automatic rifle.[5] According to witnesses, he gathered the camp atendees around him for an announcement, then began shooting at them. The people panicked, and began running in an attempt to get away. Some tried to swim to the mainland, and were shot while still in the water.

The first reports of the shootings reached authorities at 17:26, and by 17:40, a specialized SWAT team was dispatched from Oslo to the island, arriving at 18:09.[5] Local police were already at the ferry crossing, but were waiting for a boat. Difficulties arose when the police boat was loaded with the men and equipment; the boat was too small and began to take on water.[5] Recreational boats were used instead, and the authorities arrived on the island at 18:26.[5] By this time, the shootings had been going on for over an hour.

When the police reached the gunman, they found him standing with his hands up, and his guns several yards away on the ground.[5] He didn't resist arrest, and according to police, still had a significant amount of ammunition remaining.[5]

Sixty-nine people, mostly teenagers, were killed in the shooting spree, with scores of others injured. Hospital officials reported Breivik used dum-dum bullets, which are designed to cause severe internal damage because they disintegrate within the body.[5]

Charges, investigation, and conviction

Breivik has been charged with acts of terrorism, including "destabilizing or destroying basic functions of society" and "creating serious fear in the population." While appearing before a judge on July 25, 2011, Breivik admitted to his acts but pleaded not guilty to the charge of terrorism,[7] as he believes he was acting in pre-emptive self-defense [8]

A police press conference described Breivik as “more than willing to explain himself” during interrogations on Friday that lasted from 10:00 in the morning until 18:30 in the evening. Breivik’s lawyer, Geir Lippestad,also confirmed details of Breivik’s behaviour in the hearings and solitary confinement, telling VG that he was “very taken up with details” in his explanations about technical aspects of his operations, but that he “does not recognize our society, our courts or our justice system” because “his understanding of reality is not like other people’s.” He continues to see himself “as a great general that is at war against the Muslim’s invasion of Europe.” He has also been given two novels to read which “he did not like.”

Breivik planned to attack the royal palace and the Labour Party’s headquarters in central Oslo as well as other locations that would “hit the government.” Lippestad confirmed the fact that his client had “both A and B plans” when speaking to newspaper Dagbladet, adding that the attacks he carried out were “probably the B plan.”[9] The 32-year-old murderer also said his bombing of government buildings in Oslo and shootings at the summer camp on Utoya island for Labour's youth wing was aimed at deterring future recruitment to the Labour party, which he blames for "mass imports of Muslims," which he accuses of engaging in "demographic warfare." [10]

Norwegian newspaper VG Nett claims Anders Behring Breivik had been put on a terrorist watchlist after illegally buying large amount of chemicals online from a Polish retailer.

The Norwegian Foreign Minister had visited the Labour Youth League summer camp on the island of Utoya Thursday, and was met with claims that Norway must recognize a Palestinian state,[11] which Breivik also opposes as part of his nationalistic beliefs. Breivik also supports nationalistic movements in India.

While Breivik was custody, the prosecution said Breivik had behaved calmly and did not seem to be affected by events. The lawyer representing Anders Behring Breivik had stated that his client is most likely insane.[12] Since Breivik admitted to the attacks, his sanity was the key issue to be decided by the trial, with two psychiatric teams reaching opposite conclusions.

On August 24, 2012, a five-judge panel declared him sane and guilty, and sentenced him to a 21-year prison sentence, but which can be extended for as long as he's considered dangerous to society. Legal experts said that likely means he will be locked up for life. In his final words, Breivik insolently regretted not killing more people, apologizing to other "militant nationalists" for not achieving an even higher death toll. Neither the prosecution or the defense indicated they would appeal.[4]

Conservative media has called attention to Breivik's relative plush prison conditions. Although being in solitary confinement, his prison compound consists of three personal cells, with one being for living, one for studying, and a third unit for physical exercise. Breivik is able to do his own laundry and cook, while the study cell contains personal computer, not connected to the Internet, and a television and a PlayStation 2. Breivik threatened to go on a hunger strike if it was not upgraded to a PlayStation 3. In April, 2016, an Oslo court ruled that his solitary confinement and undressed searches constituted a breach of human rights.[13]

Breivik's manifesto and ideology

Over a period of approximately three years, Breivik wrote and/or compiled a 1,518 page, partly plagiaristic manifesto titled 2083 – A European Declaration of Independence, half of which he states he wrote himself. He sent this to 8,000 dedicated nationalists just before his murderous rampages began, and which was subsequently converted to a PDF file[14] and posted on the Internet after the attacks.

Breivik's manifesto states that he is "100 percent Christian",[15] but not "excessively religious";[15] he considers himself a "cultural Christian" and a "modern-day crusader".[15][16] Breivik says the term cultural Christian means preserving European culture, and adds, "It is enough that you are a Christian-agnostic or a Christian-atheist (an atheist who wants to preserve at least the basics of the European Christian cultural legacy...)"[16][17] He stated that he planned to pray to God for help during his attacks.[18] The manifesto also states "I'm not going to pretend I'm a very religious person, as that would be a lie"; Breivik calls religion a crutch and a source for drawing mental strength, and says "I've always been very pragmatic and influenced by my secular surroundings and environment." He goes on to state that "myself and many more like me do not necessarily have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ and God."[16][19]

In his manifesto Breivik details how Islam invaded Europe in the past and was defeated, and expresses plans to combat, by an "armed indigenous rights movements/resistance movement" (p. 668), the latest Islamic invasion/attack in which they employ "demographic warfare." (p. 816) Breivik resistance involves raising up an army of Justiciar Knights, PCCTS, ("Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici" or "Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon" in English), commonly known as the Knights Templar,(p. 1509) which Breivik claimed had been re-formed in London in 2002.

Breivik's compendium/book presents "advanced ideological, practical, tactical, organizational and rhetorical solutions and strategies" for his war against "Islam and the cultural Marxism/multiculturalism in Western Europe," and its different political fronts, and the reestablishment of a secular "Christian" Catholic culture, and thus the restoration of Europe's cultural self-confidence (nationalism) by 2083. (pp. 4, 5, 802) Its extensive instructions include prolonged violence and the advocation of the use of drugs to enhance performance.

The manifesto also shows that Breivik was an active player of the World of Warcraft (and other computer games), and indicates that he was inspired by such themes.[20]

While the manifesto contains a legal disclaimer that states certain chapters in Book 2 and Book 3 (a Declaration of pre-emptive War) were hypothetical, and "must not be confused with an actual plan, or strategy to attempt to harm any individuals...," and that the author does not condone such, (p. 766-68) yet it has become apparent that this disclaimer itself was part of his malevolent strategy.

Many liberal media articles characterized the gesture Breivik made in court as a "right-wing salute."[21][22][23][24] Fox News described it as a "clenched-fist salute."[25]

Breivik confessed he that manipulated the mainstream media by using "counterjihad" rhetoric in order to protect "ethno-nationalists" from media scrutiny and to damage the reputation of the counter-jihad movement including Robert Spencer and Fjordman who he considers to part of a "Jewish network." The liberal media has ignored Breivik's confession. [26] [27] [28] [29]

Religion and moral views

On his Facebook profile, Breivik describes himself as a Christian. He states that he chose to be baptised into the Protestant Church of Norway at the age of 15, although he later became disenchanted with Norway's State Church. He supported “an indirect collective conversion of the Protestant church back to the Catholic” in an online post in 2009.

Deputy Police Chief Roger Andresen initially told reporters that "We have no more information than... what has been found on [his] own websites, which is that it goes towards the right and that it is, so to speak, Christian fundamentalist." [30]

Likewise, some reports were quick to described Breivik as a “Christian terrorist,” based largely on his self-identity as one on his Facebook profile, and his postings to some Christian fundamentalist type websites on certain shared views.

However, in contrast to the common theological understanding of Christian fundamentalism, that of "militantly anti-modernist Protestant evangelicalism," and its emphasis on Protestant doctrine and salvation by faith,[31] in his manifesto, Breivik referred to "Protestantism as the Marxism of Christianity". (p. 1346) He criticized salvation by faith and deplored "Christian fundamentalist theocracy" as "everything we do not want", in favor of "a secular European society based on our Christian cultural heritage". (p. 1346) He also commended the separation of church and state. (p. 1132)

Breivik invoked Roman Catholic canon law and the example of the Crusades for support, and looked toward a "Crusader Pope." (p. 1135) He also believed those who died in his case were worthy of an indulgence, (pp. 1324–26, 46) and stated, "If there is a God I will be allowed to enter heaven as all other martyrs for the Church in the past," (p. 1345) and advocated that such take of "the Eucharist (Holy Communion/The Lord's Supper)" for the practical purpose of strength to face such death. (p. 1345)

Breivik also considered it sufficient that one be "a Christian-agnostic or a Christian atheist" to fight for his Christian cultural heritage, (p. 1361, 62) and held that "it is essential that science takes an undisputed precedence over biblical teachings." (p. 1403)

Breivik denied the need for a personal relationship with Christ to be a Christian, stating, “If you have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ and God then you are a religious Christian. Myself and many more like me do not necessarily have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ and God. We do however believe in Christianity as a cultural, social, identity and moral platform. This makes us Christian.” (p. 1307)

In response to the question as to why he choose an allegiance to a group with Christian values and pan-European goals instead of a purely national/regional group, Breivik stated that,

"My choice has nothing to do with the fact that I am not proud of my own traditions and heritage. My choice was based purely pragmatism...A hateful ideology (white supremacist), death metal, Odinism, conspiracy theories does NOT have mass appeal...It is essential that we choose a banner that has the potential to appeal towards central and southern Europeans as well...Mass appeal should be the most essential factor in this strategy. (p. 1380,81)

Responding to the issue of perceived anti-gay mentality among conservatives, Breivik stated,

The multiculturalists WANT us to fit in their pre-defined stereotype. They want us to be racists, fascist, gay hating individuals because it would make their job so much easier in their effort to label us as the scum of the earth. The truth of the matter is that I personally know several gay individuals and have known several gay people during the years and I don't have any reservations against them. Why would I care what they do behind closed doors?

However, I personally do object to the "gay media hysteria" which has been going on in Western Europe the last two decades. In many cases "alleged victim groups" are subjected to positive discrimination within politics, media and certain sectors. In those specific contexts it has become standard policy to discriminate so called "heterosexual men". Western European media, especially in the protestant countries are obsessed with cheering the gay community and other minorities they see as "preferred groups" in their so called "victim hierarchy". The glorification of "preferred groups" in the EUSSR "victim hierarchy" have gone too far. It's racist and fascist. (pp. 1357,58)

In addition, Breivik stated that after 5 years in the Freemasons, he was finally accepted for rank 4-5. However, due to lack of time he decided to decline the offer and told them he would be unavailable until autumn 2011, due to extensive traveling. (p. 1431)

In an insight on his personal morality, Breivik was fond of the clubs in Hungary, though he disliked rock music. He avoided affairs with females for the sake of his mission, although he had engaged in fornication less recently, which he stated was "a relatively small sin compared to the huge amounts of grace I am about to generate with my martyrdom operation." He also revealed that he had reserved a substantial sum from his operations budget which he intend to spend on a quality prostitute just before or after he attended his final martyr's mass in Frogner Church in order to place him "biologically, mentally and spiritually at ease." (p. 1424)

While he avoided getting drunk due to the priority of his mission, he advocated the use of performance-enhancing drugs to that end, and he did enjoy getting very drunk at a birthday party. (p. 1415) He also played video games for pleasure and motivation, such as those in the "World of Warcraft" series and "Dragon Age Origins", and stated, "I regret to admit that I’ve become a notorious downloader of pirated movies, series and games etc." (p. 1418, 24, 25)

Responses

The attacks left the world stunned, not only due the number killed in such a manner, but because it happened in Norway, a country seen as relatively peaceful. And which was also due to the murdering being done by a blond haired, green eyed 32-year-old gunman, looking much like a Nordic ideal (he claimed Viking ancestry), who apparently had no criminal record other than traffic violations. Jens Breivik, the father of Anders Behring Breivik, who said his son cut off contact with him in 1995 (Breivik was 15–16 years old), sent his condolences to "all those who have suffered" as a result of the attacks, and said he is in "a complete state of shock and has not recovered".

Within a day, over 27,000 people signed up via Facebook for a memorial service in Oslo the next day, with numbers increasing rapidly. It was later reported that the whole country was watching the service. "Not a man in sight outside."

Geir Lippestad, Breivik's lawyer, told Norwegian media, "I think he's realized what he's done, and he views himself as sane." Lippestad continued, "He has said that he believed the actions were atrocious, but that in his head they were necessary...He wanted to hurt the Labour party and halt its recruitment in the worst possible way, referring to party members as Marxists." Extra security was planned for mosques around the U.K.

Breivik wrote of having strong links with the right-wing group, the English Defence League (EDL), which denied that Breivik had any links with them and stated that they "vehemently" opposed his actions.[32] Daryl Hobson, who organizes EDL demonstrations, condemned the killings, and stated that, “I spoke to him a few times on Facebook and he is extremely intelligent and articulate and very affable,” said the source. “He is someone who can project himself very well and I presume there would be those within the EDL who would be quite taken by that. It’s like Hitler, people said he was hypnotic. This guy had the same sort of effect.”[33]

Certain liberal sources, such as a Professor Juan Cole, were quick to implicate conservatives as somewhat culpable for Breivik's rampage, leading others to opine that, “The Left tends to use non-violent passive resistance, like with Gandhi and MLK, Jr.”

To which one respondent writes,

"Your above-cited quote is a good case of historical amnesia, deliberate or otherwise... You apparently have never heard of (or don’t want to acknowledge) the Weathermen, the Black Panthers, the Symbionese Liberation Army, and others in the U.S.; not to mention the Bolsheviks in Russia, Mao Zhe Dong in China, the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, Kim Jong Il in North Korea, the FARC in Colombia, the Sendero Luminoso in Peru, The MIR in Chile, and other Leftist movements throughout the world that have used terrorism as a tactic. I think an objective tally would prove that both the Left and the Right are equal opportunity terrorists."[34]

Fox News Host Bill O'Reilly stated that "No one believing in Jesus commits mass murder. The man might have called himself a Christian on the net, but he is certainly not of that faith."

But atheist antagonist Bill Maher rejected that truth and asserted, "Religion ... gives people license to commit crazy acts," and warned of Christianity becoming "the violent blood-lusty religion it was under the crusades," ignoring that his own atheistic moral reasoning can justify the same or worse as false religion, while New Testament Christianity does not support such religious violence.

Republican Margaret Hoover responded to Mayer on his show by referring 50 million who were killed in the 20th century in the name of atheism and communism (though 250 million may be more accurate[35]), what she called "ideology run amok," and that Breivik only called himself a Christian, and in contrast to Islam, he was not "connected to a well -funded global terror network."[36]

The New York Times (which Breivik references a few times in his manifesto), in an opinion piece by Roger Cohen titled, Breivik and His Enablers, used the killing to implicate Sarah Palin with the attack on Representative Gabrielle Giffords, while naming Republicans such as former House Speaker Newt Gingrich and Representative Peter King as "ideological fellow travelers" with Breivik, as well as "U.S. church pastors using their bully pulpits week after week to say America is a Christian nation under imminent threat from Islam." The columnist called such bigotry, while he exhibited his own bigotry against the latter group of people, linking them to the actions of Breivik, and "a racist and murderous European right."[37]

At the least, liberal journalists charged that Breivik seems to have been motivated by the view of right versus wrong that animates the "Christian worldview," which pits Marxism, multiculturalism, Islam, etc. as enemies of God and truth,[38] while the same journalists fight against evangelical Christian faith, traditional morals and those who uphold them as being enemies of liberalism's deleterious social experiment that has cost America and the world greatly in souls, lives and money.[39]

Others also cite evidence that liberalism is more prone to violence and terrorism.[40][41]

In contrast to the overall reaction by Islamic authorities to the acts of Muslim terrorists, the Christian community has been quick to condemn the attacks by Breivik as being contrary to authentic Christianity. Gordon Showell-Rogers, Associate International Director of the World Evangelical Alliance (WEA), stated,

“Norway’s strong Christian history has created a long history of peace within her borders and has been a significant contributor to Norway’s very positive impact on global peace efforts.” “Evangelical Christians globally condemn religious violence in the strongest possible terms, and are sickened when such violence is carried out in the name of Christ.”

Norway's’ Pro Deutschland group concurred, saying,

"As Christians and Conservatives, we want to express solidarity with the victims of the attacks of July 22. The hate that is driving Islamic assassins and fanatic individuals a la...Breivik is foreign to Christians and Conservatives."

Norwegian minister. Olav Fykse Tveit, head of the World Council of Churches, representing 349 Protestant and Orthodox churches, told The Associated Press in response to the attack, "It's important to say to all Muslims wherever they are, in Europe or elsewhere in the world, that these actions in no way can express what is our Christian faith and our Christian values. It is blasphemous to make that kind of connection." [42]

It is also pointed out that while religious violence was sanctioned for Israel in a limited context, under the New Testament, the Bible does not offer any sanction for physical religious violence, such as,

  • Christians killing others due to their contrary views.
  • the church using violence in correcting false beliefs among church members
  • the church exercising such to rule over those without
  • the church exercising such to expand the physical territory of the church

A possible exception might be in order to save others from being hurt in an immediate situation, but that is hardly a religious context. And historically, rather than religious violence, many Christian Evangelical “fundamentalist” groups have chosen to be complete pacifists, while acts such as the Crusades are seen to be the result of Biblical illiteracy and of men presuming a higher authority. This led to the conclusion that those who assert that Breivik was acting consistent with the Bible may be potentially as dangerous as he is.[43]

Analysis

Many liberal secular sources were quick to label Breivik a Christian extremist, a "Christian fundamentalist with right-wing connections," or a "Christian terrorist," based upon a Facebook and a Twitter account in which he identifies himself as a Christian and a conservative.

However, rather than being product of evangelical or fundamental Bible-preaching, which historically has taught that it is fundamentally contrary to Christ to engage in religious violence, or after the manner of Breivik, further research revealed that the Christianity of Breivik was that of a "cultural Christian," one that denied the necessity of the conversionary new birth (John 3:3) and its personal relationship with Christ. (p. 1307)

Breivik also claimed to be a fan of some violent video games, and whose favorite television show was the serial killer show "Dexter."[44] He was also an advocate of performance-enhancing drugs for his mission, and was a somewhat advanced Mason.

Although Breivik valued Christian morality in general, and had a perverse hope of glorification as a martyr, much of the value he placed upon religion was for the practical purposes of fulfilling his mission.

While Breivik could express a lucid understanding of problems due to liberalism, he also evidenced various delusions. His method of achieving a "a secular European society based on our Christian cultural heritage", (p. 1346) was itself immoral, and not in accordance with Scripture, as was much of his idea of a such a society itself.[45]

Breivik's goal seems to have been to bring about a repristinated Norway according to the memory of his youth and his interpretation of history, with a secular Christian but Catholic culture. He saw Islam as engaging in another invasion, this time by a birth rate far above that of the "indigenous" people, whom he compared to American Indians. (p. 688)

His antipathy toward the Islamisation of Europe apparently had beginnings far earlier, as he states that he remembers Muslim gangs in the 90's "that systematically harassed, robbed and beat ethnic Norwegian youngsters who were unfortunate enough to not have the right affiliations." (p. 1382)

Anders Breivik’s motivation for targeting of the youth camp of the Norwegian Labour Party was apparently due to its support of the Islamization of Europe, which some assert implicitly supported terrorism. The day before the massacre, Norwegian Foreign Minister Gahre-Store visited the camp and was greeted with banners calling for a boycott of Israel, and Gahre-Store responded with an anti-Israel speech to cheers from the campers.[46]

However, his best friend was a man named Arsalan who was a Pakistani, (1389) and Breivik also asserted. "I don't hate Muslims at all. I acknowledge that there are magnificent Muslim individuals in Europe. In fact, I have had several Muslim friends over the years, some of which I still respect. This does not mean however that I will accept an Islamic presence in Europe. Muslim individuals who do not assimilate 100% within 2020 will be deported as soon as we manage to seize power. Although I do admit that I am disgusted by the current development, I would rather say I'm driven by my love for Europe, European culture and all Europeans. This does not mean that I oppose diversity. But appreciating diversity does not mean that you support genocide of your own culture and people by accepting for example Islamic Demographic Warfare." (p. 1382)

Breivik was anti-Nazi and also supported nationalists in India in general, who seek to make the Indian state a "Hindu nation" and its Sikh, Buddhist and Jain minorities incorporated into Hinduism, and impugned Christian missionary work among the lower caste. (p. 1475)

It therefore seems evident that what Breivik was engaged in was a culture war for the institution of a quasi-Catholic based secular culture as opposed to Islam, but his murderous means of waging such was like those of the Muslim extremists that he abhorred, and which methods afforded him little moral high ground. Also, paradoxically, his manifesto, with its guide to waging war, may have provided Muslim terrorists and other violent radicals with improved tactics, while his actions are expected to make it more difficult to peacefully support conservative values.

Although Breivik's legal disclaimer states that his manifesto is "a fictional account" by a "sci-fi writer" using a new writing style "that has the potential to shock the reader with an incredibly credible fictional plot (written in first, second and third person narrative), it seems apparent that the only part of the book intended to be fiction was his statement that "the author or distributor does not condone or agree with any of the descriptions or methods used in this book and the related chapters." (p. 767)

However, it may be speculated that Breivik's lack of distinction between fiction and reality was fostered by his indulgence in computer games. The pretense of writing fiction perhaps also allowed him to advocate and plan things that more objectively and rationally he might have not engaged in. In addition to the calculated killing, in dealing with the need for absolutely committed comrades, he stated that,

"The difference between an agent and a Justiciar Knight is that the latter will be willing to make a great sacrifice for the purpose of proper validation. Now what kind of sacrifice would be great enough to remove all doubt that the candidate is not a EU/US agent? A Justiciar Knight is willing to martyr himself for the cause while a EU/US agent will not be willing to sacrifice much. The entity should demand that the alleged Justiciar Knight in question surgically remove his penis and testicles and/or execute a fixed number of civilian children. While this requirement seems morbid, absurd and unreasonable, it is perhaps the most effective method of confirming the intentions of an individual. (p. 960)

That Breivik understood the gravity of his planned program of actions is evident from his statements in his manifesto. In the event that he had "a successful mission" and lived to "stand a multiculturalist trial," he stated that not only would all his friends and family detest him and call him a monster, but that he would be "labeled as the biggest (Nazi-) monster ever witnessed since WW2." He wondered if he could biologically "survive the mental" pressures he expected, including physical torture, though he asserted, "I have an extremely strong psyche (stronger than anyone I have ever known)," and that "I will always know that I am perhaps the biggest champion of cultural conservatism, Europe has ever witnessed since 1950."

In the end, Breivik joins a list of other deluded souls who only wanted some form of Christianity - due to some of its positive aspects - but denied the power thereof, that is, Christ and His kingdom (and which denial paradoxically is conducive Islamic takeover), and therefore he choose "a way that seems right unto a man, but the end thereof are the ways of death." (Proverbs 14:12)

References

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  2. 2083 - A European Declaration of Independence,p. 1398
  3. Prosecutors:Norwegian mass-murderer played World of Warcraft seven hours a day, Daily Caller, June 8, 2012
  4. 4.0 4.1 http://townhall.com/news/politics-elections/2012/08/24/norway_killer_to_face_sentence_for_massacre
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  6. How Labour Party's paradise in Utoya turned to 'hell'
  7. Norway Suspect Denies Guilt and Suggests He Did Not Act Alone
  8. Norway's mass killer pursuing anti-Islam crusade, Reuters, Sun Jul 24, 2011
  9. Breivik planned palace attack
  10. http://news.sky.com/home/world-news/article/16036733
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  13. http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/04/20/all-the-fun-things-anders-breivik-can-do-in-his-inhuman-prison.html
  14. Manifesto
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  19. Menzie, Nicola (26 July 2011). Norway massacre suspect manifesto rejects personal relationship with Jesus. Christianity Today. Retrieved on 28 July 2011.
  20. Norway's mass killer pursuing anti-Islam crusade
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  22. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/norway/9206193/Norway-killer-Anders-Behring-Breivik-trial-day-one-as-it-happened.html
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  40. Five names you should know
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  42. Church's leader calls Norway rampage blasphemous The Denver Post, 07/25/2011
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