View source for Anton Bruckner

[[File:Bruckner arrives in heaven.jpg|right|350px|thumb|Bruckner, who struggled for recognition his whole life, arrives in heaven. [[Liszt]] and [[Wagner]] rush to greet him, followed by [[Schubert]], [[Schumann]] and [[Weber]]. [[Mozart]] explains to [[Beethoven]] the significance, with [[Gluck]] and [[Haydn]]. [[Handel]] stands at the top with arms open while [[Bach]] plays  the organ.  ''Silhouette by Otto Böhler.'']]
'''Joseph Anton Bruckner''' (1824-1896) was an [[Austria]]n [[composer]]. He is mostly known for his [[symphony|symphonies]], [[Mass (music)|masses]], and [[motet]]s. By all accounts, Bruckner was brilliant and gifted pipe organist.

Bruckner wrote 9 symphonies, many of which exist in revised versions, some by himself and some by his students, or later students of orchestration. Bruckner died before being able to complete his 9th symphony, leaving behind a nearly completed sketch. For  the next 100 years students of orchestration have attempted to complete it, the most recent being in 2017. 

Bruckner's work lends itself well to students of orchestration, in that Bruckner himself was never completely satisfied and students have attempted to fix some of the problems that exist. Nevertheless, Bruckner's symphony's are noted for astounding [[augmentation|augmented brass]] chorals and magnificent codas and finales.

Bruckner is perhaps the only composer who is noted for having written a Symphony 0 and a Symphony 00, two early attempts at symphonic writing discovered long after his death.

[[Gustav Mahler]] was a student of Bruckner. Bruno Walter has described Bruckner as a stepping stone to Mahler. 

==Life==
Anton Bruckner lived his entire life in the monastery of St. Florian in [[Austria]], never married, and gave his life to music serving as the monastery's organist. Bruckner's hero was Beethoven, studied him constantly, and at the age of 40 tried his hand at symphonic writing, adapting [[Wagner]]ian [[harmony|harmonic]] and [[orchestra]]l innovations of the mid and late Romantic era.

Audiences were sometimes not very receptive to Bruckner's early works, laughing and walking out. But reviews were mixed. After a performance of his 5th Symphony, an excited young man once approached Bruckner and told him it was the greatest thing he ever heard since Beethoven. Bruckner was such a simple man, he reached in his pocket and gave the young man a silver coin, saying "I've waited my whole life to hear someone say that."

Bruckner actually did enjoy some public success in later life after meeting with and dedicating a symphony to Richard Wagner. Wagner, who was critical of many of his contemporaries - including [[Johannes Brahms]] for not adapting Wagner's ideas and using the old symphonic form - said if he (Wagner) ever had time to write symphonies, they would be something like Bruckner's. Brahms called Bruckner "a drunkard" and composer of "symphonic boa-constrictors." 

The second movement of Bruckner's 7th Symphony premiered at Wagner's funeral.

Although Wagner is often equated with the development of [[cinema]] and film soundtracks, direct quotes from Bruckner actually were used more often immediately following the end of the silent film era, the 1939 version of ''The Hunchback of Notre Dame'' being one of the more famous.

==Commentaries==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IuiQFwjcPVQ The Immense Fugal Finale of Bruckner's 5th Symphony], Richard Atkinson
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zO6rTT5Dr1o Breathtaking Pedal Point in Bruckner's 7th Symphony], Richard Atkinson
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hpzQAr0YgiI Deryck Cooke on Bruckner's 8th Symphony]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7aaZElLQyDU Bruckner's Symphony No. 9: An Introduction]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0i-QqJAnPZU Discovering Music - Bruckner - Symphony No 9] An examination of Bruckner's 9th symphony from BBC Radio 3's: 'Discovering Music'.
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQOrZLamfH0 A rough analysis of Bruckner's Symphony No. 9, 1st movement]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_lXgBzmMulA Celibidache Rehearses Bruckner's Ninth], PARSMEDIA
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7aU0Q3NTGls Celibidache Bruckner 9 (part one)] (rehearsal)
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fXNVDCNuZP0 Celibidache Bruckner 9 (part two)] (rehearsal)
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aWYC7MBa78M&index=1&list=RDaWYC7MBa78M Bruckner: Symphony No.9 - Sir Simon Rattle/Berliner Philharmoniker] (Discussion on the completion of Bruckner's 9th, 2012)

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[[Category:Composers]]