https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Armand_Hammer&feed=atom&action=historyArmand Hammer - Revision history2024-03-28T16:02:56ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.24.2https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Armand_Hammer&diff=1469648&oldid=prevRobSmith at 06:40, November 21, 20182018-11-21T06:40:11Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Retiring to [[Los Angeles]] in 1961 Hammer used his fortune to buy [[Occidental Petroleum]], a company that was nearly bankrupt at the time. However, by 1965 Occidental had become a major force in the oil industry.  Hammer was convicted of making illegal contributions to Richard Nixon's re-election campaign, and was fined $3,000 and put on a year's probation. In 1989, President [[George H.W. Bush|Bush]] pardoned him.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Retiring to [[Los Angeles]] in 1961 Hammer used his fortune to buy [[Occidental Petroleum]], a company that was nearly bankrupt at the time. However, by 1965 Occidental had become a major force in the oil industry.  Hammer was convicted of making illegal contributions to Richard Nixon's re-election campaign, and was fined $3,000 and put on a year's probation. In 1989, President [[George H.W. Bush|Bush]] pardoned him.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>He also was a Soviet agent, and in fact, his father Julius helped set up the Soviet spy network in America. As such, he also was involved in funding Al Gore.<ref>https://www.aim.org/media-monitor/bill-clintons-soviet-connection/</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>He also was a Soviet agent, and in fact, his father Julius helped set up the Soviet spy network in America. As such, he also was involved in funding <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>Al Gore<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins>.<ref>https://www.aim.org/media-monitor/bill-clintons-soviet-connection/</ref></div></td></tr>
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</table>RobSmithhttps://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Armand_Hammer&diff=1469647&oldid=prevRobSmith at 06:38, November 21, 20182018-11-21T06:38:43Z<p></p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Armand Hammer''' (born 1898, d. 1991) was an [[United States of America|American]] financier and philanthropist. His parents, Julius and Rose Hammer were <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Russian </del>emigres who had made and lost a fortune in shipbuilding. His name is a pun on the "Arm and Hammer" brand of bicarbonate of soda which his family used when they arrived in their new home. Using his Russian origins and business contacts Armand Hammer managed to become an intermediary between five [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] general-secretaries and US presidents from [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] to [[Richard Nixon]].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Armand Hammer''' (born 1898, d. 1991) was an [[United States of America|American]] financier and philanthropist. His parents, Julius and Rose Hammer were <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Russia]]n </ins>emigres who had made and lost a fortune in shipbuilding. His name is a pun on the "Arm and Hammer" brand of bicarbonate of soda which his family used when they arrived in their new home. Using his Russian origins and business contacts Armand Hammer managed to become an intermediary between five [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] general-secretaries and US presidents from [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] to [[Richard Nixon]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Hammer made his fortune through a range of entrepreneurial activities including selling pharmaceuticals and wheat to Russia then importing caviar and furs to the U.S.A. in return. Hammer moved to Russia to oversee a [[pencil]]-making factory and export business but following [[Stalin]]'s accession to power, Hammer left Russia taking with him many Russian paintings which he used to found the Hammer Galleries in [[New York]].  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Hammer made his fortune through a range of entrepreneurial activities including selling pharmaceuticals and wheat to Russia then importing caviar and furs to the U.S.A. in return. Hammer moved to Russia to oversee a [[pencil]]-making factory and export business but following [[Stalin]]'s accession to power, Hammer left Russia taking with him many Russian paintings which he used to found the Hammer Galleries in [[New York]].  </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>He also was a Soviet agent, and in fact, his father Julius helped set up the Soviet spy network in America. As such, he also was involved in funding Al Gore.<ref>https://www.aim.org/media-monitor/bill-clintons-soviet-connection/</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>He also was a Soviet agent, and in fact, his father Julius helped set up the Soviet spy network in America. As such, he also was involved in funding Al Gore.<ref>https://www.aim.org/media-monitor/bill-clintons-soviet-connection/</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==See also==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">*[[Al Gore]]</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References & Notes==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References & Notes==</div></td></tr>
</table>RobSmithhttps://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Armand_Hammer&diff=1465200&oldid=prevPokeria1 at 12:02, November 5, 20182018-11-05T12:02:45Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Retiring to [[Los Angeles]] in 1961 Hammer used his fortune to buy [[Occidental Petroleum]], a company that was nearly bankrupt at the time. However, by 1965 Occidental had become a major force in the oil industry.  Hammer was convicted of making illegal contributions to Richard Nixon's re-election campaign, and was fined $3,000 and put on a year's probation. In 1989, President [[George H.W. Bush|Bush]] pardoned him.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Retiring to [[Los Angeles]] in 1961 Hammer used his fortune to buy [[Occidental Petroleum]], a company that was nearly bankrupt at the time. However, by 1965 Occidental had become a major force in the oil industry.  Hammer was convicted of making illegal contributions to Richard Nixon's re-election campaign, and was fined $3,000 and put on a year's probation. In 1989, President [[George H.W. Bush|Bush]] pardoned him.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">He also was a Soviet agent, and in fact, his father Julius helped set up the Soviet spy network in America. As such, he also was involved in funding Al Gore.<ref>https://www.aim.org/media-monitor/bill-clintons-soviet-connection/</ref></ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>Pokeria1https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Armand_Hammer&diff=1253284&oldid=prevDavidB4-bot: /* top */clean up & uniformity2016-07-13T02:00:33Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">top: </span>clean up & uniformity</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Armand Hammer''' (<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">b. </del>1898, d. 1991) was an [[United States of America|American]] financier and philanthropist. His parents, Julius and Rose Hammer were Russian emigres who had made and lost a fortune in shipbuilding. His name is a pun on the "Arm and Hammer" brand of bicarbonate of soda which his family used when they arrived in their new home. Using his Russian origins and business contacts Armand Hammer managed to become an intermediary between five [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] general-secretaries and US presidents from [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] to [[Richard Nixon]].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Armand Hammer''' (<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">born </ins>1898, d. 1991) was an [[United States of America|American]] financier and philanthropist. His parents, Julius and Rose Hammer were Russian emigres who had made and lost a fortune in shipbuilding. His name is a pun on the "Arm and Hammer" brand of bicarbonate of soda which his family used when they arrived in their new home. Using his Russian origins and business contacts Armand Hammer managed to become an intermediary between five [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] general-secretaries and US presidents from [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] to [[Richard Nixon]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Hammer made his fortune through a range of entrepreneurial activities including selling pharmaceuticals and wheat to Russia then importing caviar and furs to the U.S.A. in return. Hammer moved to Russia to oversee a [[pencil]]-making factory and export business but following [[Stalin]]'s accession to power, Hammer left Russia taking with him many Russian paintings which he used to found the Hammer Galleries in [[New York]].  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Hammer made his fortune through a range of entrepreneurial activities including selling pharmaceuticals and wheat to Russia then importing caviar and furs to the U.S.A. in return. Hammer moved to Russia to oversee a [[pencil]]-making factory and export business but following [[Stalin]]'s accession to power, Hammer left Russia taking with him many Russian paintings which he used to found the Hammer Galleries in [[New York]].  </div></td></tr>
</table>DavidB4-bothttps://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Armand_Hammer&diff=1144860&oldid=prevVladJ92 at 06:40, March 15, 20152015-03-15T06:40:58Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Armand Hammer''' (b. 1898, d. 1991) was an [[United States of America|American]] financier and philanthropist. His parents, Julius and Rose Hammer were Russian emigres who had made and lost a fortune in shipbuilding. His name is a pun on the "Arm and Hammer" brand of bicarbonate of soda which his family used when they arrived in their new home. Using his Russian origins and business contacts Armand Hammer managed to become an intermediary between five [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] general-secretaries and US presidents from [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] to [[Richard Nixon]].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Armand Hammer''' (b. 1898, d. 1991) was an [[United States of America|American]] financier and philanthropist. His parents, Julius and Rose Hammer were Russian emigres who had made and lost a fortune in shipbuilding. His name is a pun on the "Arm and Hammer" brand of bicarbonate of soda which his family used when they arrived in their new home. Using his Russian origins and business contacts Armand Hammer managed to become an intermediary between five [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] general-secretaries and US presidents from [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] to [[Richard Nixon]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Hammer made his fortune through a range of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">entrepeneurial </del>activities including selling pharmaceuticals and wheat to Russia then <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>importing caviar and furs to the U.S.A. in return. Hammer moved to Russia to oversee a [[pencil]]-making factory and export business but following[[Stalin]]'s accession to power, Hammer left Russia taking with him many Russian paintings which he used to found the Hammer Galleries in [[New York]].  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Hammer made his fortune through a range of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">entrepreneurial </ins>activities including selling pharmaceuticals and wheat to Russia then importing caviar and furs to the U.S.A. in return. Hammer moved to Russia to oversee a [[pencil]]-making factory and export business but following [[Stalin]]'s accession to power, Hammer left Russia taking with him many Russian paintings which he used to found the Hammer Galleries in [[New York]].  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Retiring to [[Los Angeles]] in 1961 Hammer used his fortune to buy [[Occidental Petroleum]], a company that was nearly bankrupt at the time. However, by 1965 Occidental had become a major force in the oil industry.  Hammer was convicted of making illegal contributions to Richard Nixon's re-election campaign, and was fined $3,000 and put on a year's probation. In 1989, President [[George H.W. Bush|Bush]] pardoned him.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Retiring to [[Los Angeles]] in 1961 Hammer used his fortune to buy [[Occidental Petroleum]], a company that was nearly bankrupt at the time. However, by 1965 Occidental had become a major force in the oil industry.  Hammer was convicted of making illegal contributions to Richard Nixon's re-election campaign, and was fined $3,000 and put on a year's probation. In 1989, President [[George H.W. Bush|Bush]] pardoned him.</div></td></tr>
</table>VladJ92https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Armand_Hammer&diff=529455&oldid=prevTaj: adding category to uncategorized page2008-10-04T22:54:24Z<p>adding category to uncategorized page</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Chambers Dictionary of World History</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Chambers Dictionary of World History</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://www.oxy.com/About%20Oxy/who_we_are/history.htm Occidental Petroleum: History]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://www.oxy.com/About%20Oxy/who_we_are/history.htm Occidental Petroleum: History]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/</del>references></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==References==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><references<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/</ins>></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Category:Commerce]]</ins></div></td></tr>
</table>Tajhttps://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Armand_Hammer&diff=498596&oldid=prevBrianCo: typo2008-08-12T20:39:31Z<p>typo</p>
<table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'>
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<col class='diff-marker' />
<col class='diff-content' />
<tr style='vertical-align: top;'>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 20:39, August 12, 2008</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Armand Hammer''' (b. 1898, d. 1991) was an [[United States of America|American]] financier and philanthropist. His parents, Julius and Rose Hammer were Russian emigres who had made and lost a fortune in shipbuilding. His name is a pun on the "Arm and Hammer" brand of bicarbonate of soda which his family used when they arrived in their new home. Using his Russian origins and business contacts Armand Hammer managed to become an intermediary between five [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] general-secretaries and US presidents from [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] to [[Richard Nixon]].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Armand Hammer''' (b. 1898, d. 1991) was an [[United States of America|American]] financier and philanthropist. His parents, Julius and Rose Hammer were Russian emigres who had made and lost a fortune in shipbuilding. His name is a pun on the "Arm and Hammer" brand of bicarbonate of soda which his family used when they arrived in their new home. Using his Russian origins and business contacts Armand Hammer managed to become an intermediary between five [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] general-secretaries and US presidents from [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] to [[Richard Nixon]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Hammer made his fortune through a range of entrepeneurial activities including selling pharmaceuticals and wheat to Russia then  importing caviar and furs to the U.S.A. in return. Hammer moved to Russia to oversee a [[pencil]]-making factory and export business but following[[Stalin]]'s accession to power, Hammer left Russia taking with him many Russian paintings which he used to found the Hammer <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Galeries </del>in [[New York]].  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Hammer made his fortune through a range of entrepeneurial activities including selling pharmaceuticals and wheat to Russia then  importing caviar and furs to the U.S.A. in return. Hammer moved to Russia to oversee a [[pencil]]-making factory and export business but following[[Stalin]]'s accession to power, Hammer left Russia taking with him many Russian paintings which he used to found the Hammer <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Galleries </ins>in [[New York]].  </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Retiring to [[Los Angeles]] in 1961 Hammer used his fortune to buy [[Occidental Petroleum]], a company that was nearly bankrupt at the time. However, by 1965 Occidental had become a major force in the oil industry.  Hammer was convicted of making illegal contributions to Richard Nixon's re-election campaign, and was fined $3,000 and put on a year's probation. In 1989, President [[George H.W. Bush|Bush]] pardoned him.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Retiring to [[Los Angeles]] in 1961 Hammer used his fortune to buy [[Occidental Petroleum]], a company that was nearly bankrupt at the time. However, by 1965 Occidental had become a major force in the oil industry.  Hammer was convicted of making illegal contributions to Richard Nixon's re-election campaign, and was fined $3,000 and put on a year's probation. In 1989, President [[George H.W. Bush|Bush]] pardoned him.</div></td></tr>
</table>BrianCohttps://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Armand_Hammer&diff=498595&oldid=prevBrianCo: create2008-08-12T20:38:42Z<p>create</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>'''Armand Hammer''' (b. 1898, d. 1991) was an [[United States of America|American]] financier and philanthropist. His parents, Julius and Rose Hammer were Russian emigres who had made and lost a fortune in shipbuilding. His name is a pun on the "Arm and Hammer" brand of bicarbonate of soda which his family used when they arrived in their new home. Using his Russian origins and business contacts Armand Hammer managed to become an intermediary between five [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] general-secretaries and US presidents from [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] to [[Richard Nixon]].<br />
<br />
Hammer made his fortune through a range of entrepeneurial activities including selling pharmaceuticals and wheat to Russia then importing caviar and furs to the U.S.A. in return. Hammer moved to Russia to oversee a [[pencil]]-making factory and export business but following[[Stalin]]'s accession to power, Hammer left Russia taking with him many Russian paintings which he used to found the Hammer Galeries in [[New York]]. <br />
<br />
Retiring to [[Los Angeles]] in 1961 Hammer used his fortune to buy [[Occidental Petroleum]], a company that was nearly bankrupt at the time. However, by 1965 Occidental had become a major force in the oil industry. Hammer was convicted of making illegal contributions to Richard Nixon's re-election campaign, and was fined $3,000 and put on a year's probation. In 1989, President [[George H.W. Bush|Bush]] pardoned him.<br />
<br />
==References & Notes==<br />
*Chambers Dictionary of World History<br />
*[http://www.oxy.com/About%20Oxy/who_we_are/history.htm Occidental Petroleum: History]<br />
</references></div>BrianCo