Ayn Rand

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Illogical examples

1. Beauty is a purely subjective phenomenon and trying to objectify it is a scientific argument is fallacious.

2. Human activities, such as pollution and deforestation, have caused the background extinction rate to skyrocket.

3. The Second Law of Thermodynamics only applies in a closed system, that is to say, only entropy in the entire universe has to increase. Earth's entropy and the entropy of its life forms can decrease so long as the universe's tendency is maintained.

4. The environment is always changing, so what qualifies as an "optimal" genetic code it constantly changing as well.

5. A "flood story" by no means indicates that the entire planet was flooded. Mammals will eventually go extinct, but it will not be due to floods, it will be due to a variety of far more catastrophic events.

6. There are no sources for the 55 chimpanzees containing more genetic diversity than the entire human race. Regardless, it's preposterous because with that much diversity they would be unable to interbreed. And 80% of genetic diversity existing in Africa means that humans evolved in Africa. Since when is the Middle East in Africa?

7. An eye is the most obvious and advantageous way to detect environmental differences and so its evolution is expected in competitive ecosystems. Additionally, eyes show a number of radically different designs which would indicate separate genetic origins.

8. Some positive genetic mutations may have other lethal effects, but not all. It is the category of mutations which only affect an organism in positive or neutral ways that will survive through natural selection.

9. So perhaps they didn't grow from reptilian scales, but evolved from a different structure.

10. Most species tend to be almost exactly 50% male and 50% female, so it's no stretch of luck that males and females always existed simultaneously. The fully compatible reproductive parts and desire to mate evolved as sex did and were never lost as they would immediately end the lineage of any individuals who lacked them.

11. There are historical records. They're called fossils, and there are enough of them to reconstruct most evolutionary lineages. The supposed "missing" fossils don't exist because it is exceeding difficult to fossilize an organism and many species may have left no fossil remains.

12. Personality traits are often not genetic traits, but rather environmental ones. Regardless, lying, psychopathy, and even murder can be seen as evolutionarily advantageous in certain circumstances.

13. Genes for homosexuality may advantage members of one sex while harming another's chances for reproduction. The genes may also be beneficial if one copy is inherited and harmful if two are.

14. As long as an organism survives through each stage of its evolution, it is evolutionarily viable. It does not matter whether it is optimal for reproduction, it only matters if it can somehow survive.