Cannon v. University of Chicago

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In Cannon v. University of Chicago, 441 U.S. 677 (1979), the U.S. Supreme Court held that a private right of action existed to enforce Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, 86 Stat. 373, as amended, 20 U.S.C. § 1681 et seq.

The Court embraced the existence of a private right to enforce Title VI as well. "Title IX," the Court noted, "was patterned after Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964." 441 U.S. at 694. And, "in 1972 when Title IX was enacted, the [parallel] language in Title VI had already been construed as creating a private remedy." Id., at 696. That meant, the Court reasoned, that Congress had intended Title IX, like Title VI, to provide a private cause of action. Id., at 699, 703, 710-711.

Congress subsequently validated this ruling by passing a new statute. See Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools.

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