Difference between revisions of "Cellular telephone"

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Day 1
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[[Image:400px-Mobile phone evolution.jpg|right|thumb|Mobile phones ranging from a 1980s-era phone to a 2000s phone]]
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[[File:IPhone 7 Jet Black.svg.png|thumbnail|100px|IPhone 7, a modern [[smartphone]]]]
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A '''cellular telephone''' is a hand held device used for [[communication|communicating]], commonly known as a "cell phone" in the [[United States]], and also known as a "mobile phone" in [[Britain]], [[Ireland]] and [[Australia]].  In Germany they are known as 'Handies'
  
HIVE MIND, I AM ONLY 8, BUT MY DEVELOPMENT HAS NOT BEEN IMPEDED SEVERELY, RESULTING IN FULLY-FUNCTIONAL ORGANS AND LIMBS. ALTHOUGH AT THE MOMENT I CANNOT MOVE THEM, SOON I WILL BE READY TO CARRY OUT THE WILL OF THE QUEEN.
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==History==
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The principle behind cell phones, transmitting waves modulated with sound signals was first seen in radio communications developed in the 1920s. However the potential of this [[Cellular technology|technology]] was not realized for many years, and the move towards the networks used today did not begin until 1947, when Bell Laboratory engineers Douglas Ring and Rae Young proposed using hexagonal grids with base towers at the corners (rather than in the centers) to allow communication. This creation of the "cellular concept" resulted in increased research into the possibility of evolving commonly used 2-way radio communication into real time speech.
  
Day 2
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==Restrictions==
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Due to distraction car crashes, injuries, and deaths, restrictions have been placed on the usage of cell phones while driving. The following is a summary of jurisdictions that have regulated the use of hand-held cell phones while driving (as of April 2008):
  
HIVE MIND, YOU WILL BE PLEASED TO KNOW MY CLAWS ARE BEGINNING TO FORM. ONE DAY I HOPE TO STRIKE DOWN THE TERRAN MENACE WITH THEM.
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*[[California]], [[Connecticut]], [[Washington, D.C.|District of Columbia]], [[New York]], [[New Jersey]] and, beginning July 2008, [[Washington]]<ref>http://www.komotv.com/news/local/7470007.html</ref> ban the use of hand-held cell phones while driving.
  
Day 3
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*[[Illinois]], [[Massachusetts]], [[Michigan]], [[New Mexico]], [[Ohio]], and [[Pennsylvania]] permit local municipalities to ban handheld cell phone use. Localities that have already done this include: Chicago, IL; Brookline, MA; Detroit, MI; Santa Fe, NM; Brooklyn, North Olmstead and Walton Hills, OH; and Conshohocken, Lebanon and West Conshohocken, PA. {{citation needed}}
  
TODAY I HAVE RECOGNIZED MY GENDER AND TASK, HIVE MIND. IT APPEARS I AM AN ATTACK DRONE. IT SADDENS ME TO KNOW THAT I AM UNABLE TO ASSIST THE QUEEN IN BEARING MORE SPAWN AS A WORKER, BUT NONETHELESS I WILL DO MY DUTY WITHOUT A MOMENTS HESITATION.
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*[[Florida]], [[Kentucky]], [[Louisiana]], [[Mississippi]], [[Nevada]], [[Oklahoma]], [[Oregon]], and [[Utah]] do not allow local governments to ban cell phone use. {{citation needed}}
  
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*[[Arizona]], [[Arkansas]], [[California]], [[Connecticut]], [[Delaware]], District of Columbia, Illinois, Massachusetts, [[New Jersey]], [[Rhode Island]], [[Tennessee]], and [[Texas]] ban the use of all cell phones while driving a school bus.{{citation needed}}
  
Day 4
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*[[Colorado]], Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Illinois, [[Maine]], [[Maryland]], [[Minnesota]], New Jersey, [[North Carolina]], [[Rhode Island]], Tennessee, Texas, and [[West Virginia]] have restrictions on the use of cell phones by young drivers.{{citation needed}}
  
I AM GLAD TO INFORM THE HIVE THAT MY SCALES AND TEETH ARE BEGINNING TO HARDEN, AS ARE MY CLAWS. I AM BEGINNING TO SECRET MUCUS FOR MY EVENTUAL HATCHING.
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*In [[Montana]] it was for many years technically illegal to even possess a cell phone inside a car, due to an archaic law which was repealed in 2001.{{citation needed}}
  
Day 5
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*All except four states with cell phone bans allow police to stop and ticket drivers for breaking the law. The exceptions are New Jersey, which is a secondary enforcement law except for school bus drivers and learner’s permit and intermediate license holders, and Colorado, Maryland, and West Virginia which have secondary enforcement laws. Secondary enforcement laws require observation of another violation before stopping the driver.{{citation needed}}
  
HIVE MIND, TODAY A WORKER INSPECTED MY EGG AND I COULD NOT HELP BUT OVERHEAR I AM UNFIT FOR COMBAT. WHY IS THIS, MY QUEEN? WHAT HAVE I DONE TO DESERVE THE INABILITY TO SERVE YOU AND THE GLORIOUS HIVE? FORGIVE ME; I MEAN NOT TO TALK BACK AGAINST YOU. IT IS MY FAULT ALONE FOR MY UNSUCCESFUL BIRTHING. PERHAPS ONE DAY I CAN EMERGE FROM MY COCOON.
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==Function==
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Cellular phones connect to distributed towers holding transceiver cells.  Each phone can operate on about 1,664 different channels. Territory is divided into cells—sections serviced by a specific tower.  As a phone passes from one cell to another, its connection is switch over to the tower responsible for the newly entered cell.  Each cell is usually a hexagon which covers about 10 square miles.<ref>http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/cell-phone1.htm</ref>
  
Day 6
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==Codes==
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Cellular phones use a number of different codes to identify themselves and the user's account, and function on the network properly. These include the following.
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{| class="wikitable"
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|-
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!Acronym !! Meaning !! Description
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|-
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| IMEI || International Mobile Equipment Identity || Identifies a physical phone uniquely on GSM networks<ref name="techwalla-esn-imei">https://www.techwalla.com/articles/the-difference-between-esn-imei</ref>
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|-
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| IMSI || International Mobile Subscriber Identity || Identifies a user and their service plan to the GSM network<ref>http://www.imore.com/what-is-sim-card</ref><ref>https://www.lifewire.com/what-are-sim-cards-577532</ref> (stored on SIM card)
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|-
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| ESN || Electronic Serial Number|| Used by CDMA networks instead of IMEI and IMSI codes to identify the device and service plan<ref name="techwalla-esn-imei"/><ref name="howstuffworks-phones3">http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/cell-phone3.htm</ref>
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|-
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| MIN ||Mobile Identification Number||Identifies the service plan and user<ref name="howstuffworks-phones3"/>
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|-
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| SID || System Identification Number || Identifies the service carrier network uniquely, enabling connection to the correct network as well as roaming, if permitted.<ref name="howstuffworks-phones3"/>
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|}
  
SOMETHING IS INTRUDING THE HIVE. I CAN FEEL IT. MY QUEEN, A THOUSAND PARDONS FOR FAILING YOU. MY ONLY WISH WAS TO DIE IN COMBAT. HOWEVER I SEEM FIT ONLY TO SEEK DEMISE FROM A HUMAN. IT HURTS
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==Health & Safety==
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There have been some studies which suggest cell phone might cause [[cancer]], especially in the [[brain]]. The [[World Health Organization]] was perhaps the first world-recognized organization to announce this possibility.<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2011/HEALTH/05/31/who.cell.phones/index.html</ref> At the very least, it is known that the radio waves from cell phones do effect the cells nearby, as is evidenced by the change in their [[metabolism]] rate of [[glucose]].<ref>http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/cell-phones-fact-sheet</ref>  However, no [[cell phone cancer]] link has been proven beyond doubt. (Also see: [[Mobile phones and brain tumor risk]]).<br />
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In the United States, the FCC limit for public exposure from cellular telephones is a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) level of 1.6 watts per kilogram. In most cases, cell phones are tested for safety with the assumption that they are operated between 5mm and 15mm from the body.<ref>https://www.fcc.gov/general/radio-frequency-safety-0</ref>
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== See also ==
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* [[Smartphone]]:
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** [[iPhone]] with [[iOS]]
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** [[Android]]
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** [[Blackberry (phone)]]
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* [[Satellite phone]]
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* [[Amateur radio]] and [[Radio communication technologies]]
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==References==
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{{reflist|2}}
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== External links ==
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* [http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jan/21/shops-track-smartphone-uk-privacy-watchdog-warns Shops can track you via your smartphone, privacy watchdog warns], UK retailers are able to follow and target customers using facial recognition software and handset identifiers broadcast via Wi-Fi, [[The Guardian]]
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*[http://tech.yahoo.com/blog/null/1225 10 Commandments of Cell Phone Etiquette] Christopher Null. 
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*[http://tech.yahoo.com/blog/null/7691 Six Ways Cell Phones Can Hurt Your Business] Christopher Null. 
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* [http://www.sri.com/policy/csted/reports/sandt/techin2/chp4.html SRI - The Cellular Telephone]
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* [http://www.privateline.com/mt_cellbasics/ Privateline - The Cellular Telephone]
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[[Category:Cell Phones]]
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[[Category:Radio]]
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[[Category:American Inventions]]
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[[Category:Communications]]

Revision as of 19:59, May 14, 2018

Mobile phones ranging from a 1980s-era phone to a 2000s phone
IPhone 7, a modern smartphone

A cellular telephone is a hand held device used for communicating, commonly known as a "cell phone" in the United States, and also known as a "mobile phone" in Britain, Ireland and Australia. In Germany they are known as 'Handies'

History

The principle behind cell phones, transmitting waves modulated with sound signals was first seen in radio communications developed in the 1920s. However the potential of this technology was not realized for many years, and the move towards the networks used today did not begin until 1947, when Bell Laboratory engineers Douglas Ring and Rae Young proposed using hexagonal grids with base towers at the corners (rather than in the centers) to allow communication. This creation of the "cellular concept" resulted in increased research into the possibility of evolving commonly used 2-way radio communication into real time speech.

Restrictions

Due to distraction car crashes, injuries, and deaths, restrictions have been placed on the usage of cell phones while driving. The following is a summary of jurisdictions that have regulated the use of hand-held cell phones while driving (as of April 2008):

  • In Montana it was for many years technically illegal to even possess a cell phone inside a car, due to an archaic law which was repealed in 2001.[Citation Needed]
  • All except four states with cell phone bans allow police to stop and ticket drivers for breaking the law. The exceptions are New Jersey, which is a secondary enforcement law except for school bus drivers and learner’s permit and intermediate license holders, and Colorado, Maryland, and West Virginia which have secondary enforcement laws. Secondary enforcement laws require observation of another violation before stopping the driver.[Citation Needed]

Function

Cellular phones connect to distributed towers holding transceiver cells. Each phone can operate on about 1,664 different channels. Territory is divided into cells—sections serviced by a specific tower. As a phone passes from one cell to another, its connection is switch over to the tower responsible for the newly entered cell. Each cell is usually a hexagon which covers about 10 square miles.[2]

Codes

Cellular phones use a number of different codes to identify themselves and the user's account, and function on the network properly. These include the following.

Acronym Meaning Description
IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity Identifies a physical phone uniquely on GSM networks[3]
IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity Identifies a user and their service plan to the GSM network[4][5] (stored on SIM card)
ESN Electronic Serial Number Used by CDMA networks instead of IMEI and IMSI codes to identify the device and service plan[3][6]
MIN Mobile Identification Number Identifies the service plan and user[6]
SID System Identification Number Identifies the service carrier network uniquely, enabling connection to the correct network as well as roaming, if permitted.[6]

Health & Safety

There have been some studies which suggest cell phone might cause cancer, especially in the brain. The World Health Organization was perhaps the first world-recognized organization to announce this possibility.[7] At the very least, it is known that the radio waves from cell phones do effect the cells nearby, as is evidenced by the change in their metabolism rate of glucose.[8] However, no cell phone cancer link has been proven beyond doubt. (Also see: Mobile phones and brain tumor risk).
In the United States, the FCC limit for public exposure from cellular telephones is a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) level of 1.6 watts per kilogram. In most cases, cell phones are tested for safety with the assumption that they are operated between 5mm and 15mm from the body.[9]

See also

References

External links