Difference between revisions of "Colorado"
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|capital=Denver | |capital=Denver | ||
|language=English | |language=English | ||
| − | |governor= | + | |governor=Jared Polis |
|gparty=Democrat | |gparty=Democrat | ||
| − | |senator1= | + | |senator1=Cory Gardner |
| − | |s1party= | + | |s1party=Republican |
|s1phone=(202) 224-5941 | |s1phone=(202) 224-5941 | ||
| − | |s1email= | + | |s1email=www.gardner.senate.gov/contact-cory/email-cory Contact |
|senator2=Michael Bennet | |senator2=Michael Bennet | ||
|s2party=Democrat | |s2party=Democrat | ||
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'''Colorado''' became the 38th state of the [[United States]] with its admission to Statehood on August 1, 1876. It is known for its [[skiing]] and snowboarding resorts, such as Vail and Aspen in the [[Rocky Mountains]], which run north-south through the state. In the mountains and plains the winters are usually very cold and produce many snowstorms. However, along the front range (where Denver, Boulder, Colorado Springs, Pueblo, Greeley and most large cities are located), the weather is more mild and is very sunny. | '''Colorado''' became the 38th state of the [[United States]] with its admission to Statehood on August 1, 1876. It is known for its [[skiing]] and snowboarding resorts, such as Vail and Aspen in the [[Rocky Mountains]], which run north-south through the state. In the mountains and plains the winters are usually very cold and produce many snowstorms. However, along the front range (where Denver, Boulder, Colorado Springs, Pueblo, Greeley and most large cities are located), the weather is more mild and is very sunny. | ||
| − | The [[United States Air Force Academy]] and [[ | + | The [[United States Air Force Academy]] and [[North American Aerospace Defense Command]] are located in [[Colorado Springs]], Colorado. |
| + | |||
| + | The state Constitution of Colorado, like all of the other 50 states, acknowledges God or our Creator or the ''Sovereign Ruler of the Universe''. It says: | ||
| + | :''We, the people of Colorado, with profound reverence for the Supreme Ruler of the Universe, in order to form a more independent and perfect government; establish justice; insure tranquility; provide for the common defense; promote the general welfare and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution for the "State of Colorado."'' | ||
==Elevation== | ==Elevation== | ||
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== History == | == History == | ||
| − | The [[Native American]] (Indian) groups indigenous to Colorado were the [[Anasazi]] and Utes who lived in the mountainous regions, and several tribes who lived in the flatlands and near the rivers at various times including the [[Cheyenne]], Arapaho, Kiowa, Comanche, Pawnee and [[Sioux]]. <ref> http://www.colorado.gov/dpa/doit/archives/history/histfaqs.htm </ref> | + | The [[Native American]] (Indian) groups indigenous to Colorado were the [[Anasazi]] and Utes who lived in the mountainous regions, and several tribes who lived in the flatlands and near the rivers at various times including the [[Cheyenne]], Arapaho, Kiowa, Comanche, Pawnee and [[Sioux]].<ref>http://www.colorado.gov/dpa/doit/archives/history/histfaqs.htm</ref> |
| − | It is believed that in 1541 the Spanish explorer [[Francisco Vázquez de Coronado]] was the first European on record to have entered the land that is now Colorado. <ref> http://www.colorado.gov/ </ref> The Spanish called the area Colorado because of its red colored earth.<ref> The name is also sometimes credited to a [[Jesuit]], Francisco Garcia, who in 1776 named the land after the [[Colorado River]]. ''Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names'' (Oxford 2005) p 116</ref> | + | It is believed that in 1541 the Spanish explorer [[Francisco Vázquez de Coronado]] was the first European on record to have entered the land that is now Colorado.<ref>http://www.colorado.gov/</ref> The Spanish called the area Colorado because of its red colored earth.<ref>The name is also sometimes credited to a [[Jesuit]], Francisco Garcia, who in 1776 named the land after the [[Colorado River]]. ''Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names'' (Oxford 2005) p 116</ref> |
The United States acquired part of what is now Colorado in 1803 through the [[Louisiana Purchase]]. In 1848 [[Mexico]] ceded claims to the rest of it. There were no European settlers or forts. Before gaining statehood, Colorado was part of the [[Nebraska]], [[Utah]], [[Kansas]], and [[New Mexico]] Territories, and in 1861 Congress created the Territory of Colorado. The state now encompasses 104,247 square miles. | The United States acquired part of what is now Colorado in 1803 through the [[Louisiana Purchase]]. In 1848 [[Mexico]] ceded claims to the rest of it. There were no European settlers or forts. Before gaining statehood, Colorado was part of the [[Nebraska]], [[Utah]], [[Kansas]], and [[New Mexico]] Territories, and in 1861 Congress created the Territory of Colorado. The state now encompasses 104,247 square miles. | ||
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*[[James Dobson]], Christian psychologist and writer. Former head of the group [[Focus on the Family]]. | *[[James Dobson]], Christian psychologist and writer. Former head of the group [[Focus on the Family]]. | ||
*[[John Elway]], former quarterback for the [[Denver Broncos]]. | *[[John Elway]], former quarterback for the [[Denver Broncos]]. | ||
| + | *[[Greg Ryder]], County, Western, Western swing, ballad, folk, and popular singer and guitarist based in Durango | ||
*[[Tom Tancredo]], former US Representative. | *[[Tom Tancredo]], former US Representative. | ||
| − | ==Elected officials== | + | ==Elected officials== |
===Federal=== | ===Federal=== | ||
| − | *Sen. [[ | + | *Sen. [[Cory Gardner]] (R) |
| − | *Sen. [[Michael Bennet]] | + | *Sen. [[Michael Bennet]] (D) |
*Rep. [[Diana DeGette]] [D, CO-1] | *Rep. [[Diana DeGette]] [D, CO-1] | ||
| − | *Rep. [[ | + | *Rep. [[Joe Neguse]] [D, CO-2] |
| − | *Rep. [[ | + | *Rep. [[Scott Tipton]] [R, CO-3] |
| − | *Rep. [[ | + | *Rep. [[Ken Buck]] [R, CO-4] |
*Rep. [[Doug Lamborn]] [R, CO-5] | *Rep. [[Doug Lamborn]] [R, CO-5] | ||
| − | *Rep. [[ | + | *Rep. [[Jason Crow]] [D, CO-6] |
*Rep. [[Ed Perlmutter]] [D, CO-7] | *Rep. [[Ed Perlmutter]] [D, CO-7] | ||
| − | === | + | ===Statewide=== |
| − | *Governor [[ | + | *Governor [[Jared Polis]] (D) |
| + | *Lt. Governor [[Dianne Primavera]] (D) | ||
| + | *Secretary of State [[Jena Griswold]] (D) | ||
| + | *Attorney General [[Phil Weiser]] (D) | ||
| + | *State Treasurer [[Dave Young]] (D) | ||
| + | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| − | *[[Rocky Mountains]] | + | * [[Rocky Mountains]] |
| − | *[[Denver]] | + | * [[Denver]] |
| + | * [[:Category:Colorado Universities|Colorado Universities]] | ||
| + | * [[Purple state]]s - swing states that can vote either [[Republican]] or [[Democratic]] | ||
| + | * [[Blue state]]s or [[Democratic]] | ||
| + | * [[Red state]]s - [[Republican]] | ||
==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
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* Athearn, Robert G. ''Rebel of the Rockies: A History of the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad.'' 1962. | * Athearn, Robert G. ''Rebel of the Rockies: A History of the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad.'' 1962. | ||
* Baker, James H., and Leroy R. Hafen, eds. ''History of Colorado.'' 5 vol State Historical Society of Colorado, 1927, with many short biographical sketches | * Baker, James H., and Leroy R. Hafen, eds. ''History of Colorado.'' 5 vol State Historical Society of Colorado, 1927, with many short biographical sketches | ||
| − | * Bancroft, Hubert Howe, ''History of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming, 1540-1888'' (1890) 828 pages; famous classic; [ | + | * Bancroft, Hubert Howe, ''History of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming, 1540-1888'' (1890) 828 pages; famous classic; [https://books.google.com/books?id=oOgNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA1&dq=intitle:colorado&num=30&as_brr=1 online edition] |
* Eugene H. Berwanger. ''The Rise of the Centennial State: Colorado Territory, 1861-76,'' (2007) 208 pages | * Eugene H. Berwanger. ''The Rise of the Centennial State: Colorado Territory, 1861-76,'' (2007) 208 pages | ||
* Cassels, E. Steve. ''The Archeology of Colorado.'' Boulder: Johnson Books, 1983 | * Cassels, E. Steve. ''The Archeology of Colorado.'' Boulder: Johnson Books, 1983 | ||
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* Lorch, Robert S. ''Colorado's Government.'' 5th ed. 1991. textbook | * Lorch, Robert S. ''Colorado's Government.'' 5th ed. 1991. textbook | ||
* Ormes, Robert M. ''Guide to the Colorado Mountains.'' 7th ed. 1979. | * Ormes, Robert M. ''Guide to the Colorado Mountains.'' 7th ed. 1979. | ||
| − | * Parsons, Eugene. ''The Making of Colorado: A Historical Sketch'' (1908) 324 pages [ | + | * Parsons, Eugene. ''The Making of Colorado: A Historical Sketch'' (1908) 324 pages [https://books.google.com/books?id=zxpTFuvCjkwC&pg=PA13&dq=intitle:colorado&num=30&as_brr=1 online edition] |
* Rohrbough, Malcolm J. ''Aspen: The History of a Silver Mining Town, 1879-1893.'' 1986. scholarly study | * Rohrbough, Malcolm J. ''Aspen: The History of a Silver Mining Town, 1879-1893.'' 1986. scholarly study | ||
* Scamehorn, Lee. ''High Altitude Energy: A History of Fossil Fuels in Colorado'' (2002) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=109824963 online edition] | * Scamehorn, Lee. ''High Altitude Energy: A History of Fossil Fuels in Colorado'' (2002) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=109824963 online edition] | ||
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===Primary sources=== | ===Primary sources=== | ||
* Ubbelohde, Carl, ed. ''A Colorado Reader'' (2nd ed 1964) | * Ubbelohde, Carl, ed. ''A Colorado Reader'' (2nd ed 1964) | ||
| − | * Fossett, Frank. ''Colorado: A Historical, Descriptive and Statistical Work on the Rocky Mountain Gold and Silver Mining Region'' (1878) 470 pages [ | + | * Fossett, Frank. ''Colorado: A Historical, Descriptive and Statistical Work on the Rocky Mountain Gold and Silver Mining Region'' (1878) 470 pages [https://books.google.com/books?id=iscJAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA5&dq=intitle:colorado&num=30&as_brr=1 online edition] |
| − | * Fossett, Frank. ''Colorado, Its Gold and Silver Mines: Farms and Stock Ranges, and Health and Pleasure Resorts'' (1880), 1184 pages [ | + | * Fossett, Frank. ''Colorado, Its Gold and Silver Mines: Farms and Stock Ranges, and Health and Pleasure Resorts'' (1880), 1184 pages [https://books.google.com/books?id=tbWNs55lt3kC&pg=PA1&dq=intitle:colorado&num=30&as_brr=1 online edition] |
| − | * Parsons, Eugene. ''A Guidebook to Colorado'' (1911) 390 pages [ | + | * Parsons, Eugene. ''A Guidebook to Colorado'' (1911) 390 pages [https://books.google.com/books?id=AgAlAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA1&dq=intitle:colorado&num=30&as_brr=1 online edition] |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | {{reflist|2}} | ||
{{USstates}} | {{USstates}} | ||
| + | |||
[[Category:Colorado]] | [[Category:Colorado]] | ||
[[Category:Western United States]] | [[Category:Western United States]] | ||
| + | [[Category:States of the United States]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Purple States]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Blue States]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Intermountain States]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Mountain States]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Great Plains]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Plains of the United States]] | ||
| + | [[Category:United States of America]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Great Plains]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Plains of the United States]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Wild West]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Intermountain West]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Mountain States]] | ||
Revision as of 00:06, February 13, 2019
| Capital | Denver |
|---|---|
| Nickname | The Centennial State |
| Official Language | English |
| Governor | Jared Polis, D |
| Senator | Cory Gardner, R (202) 224-5941 [www.gardner.senate.gov/contact-cory/email-cory Contact] |
| Senator | Michael Bennet, D (202) 224-5852 Contact |
| Ratification of Constitution/or statehood | August 1, 1876 (38th) |
| Flag of Colorado | Motto: "Nil Sine Numine" (Nothing Without the Deity) |
Colorado became the 38th state of the United States with its admission to Statehood on August 1, 1876. It is known for its skiing and snowboarding resorts, such as Vail and Aspen in the Rocky Mountains, which run north-south through the state. In the mountains and plains the winters are usually very cold and produce many snowstorms. However, along the front range (where Denver, Boulder, Colorado Springs, Pueblo, Greeley and most large cities are located), the weather is more mild and is very sunny.
The United States Air Force Academy and North American Aerospace Defense Command are located in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
The state Constitution of Colorado, like all of the other 50 states, acknowledges God or our Creator or the Sovereign Ruler of the Universe. It says:
- We, the people of Colorado, with profound reverence for the Supreme Ruler of the Universe, in order to form a more independent and perfect government; establish justice; insure tranquility; provide for the common defense; promote the general welfare and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution for the "State of Colorado."
Contents
Elevation
A number of Colorado cities are located near the Front Range of the Rockies, at elevations of around 5,000 feet. Denver, its capital and largest city, is sometimes called "The Mile-High City", because the official elevation of Denver City Hall is exactly 5,280 feet.
Mount Elbert is the highest point in Colorado, at an elevation of 14,440 feet. It is one of over 500 mountains in the state that exceed 13,000 feet. The entire state lies at an elevation over 3,000 feet.
At elevations of 5,000 feet, the air is thinner and air pressure is lower than at sea level. It is not unusual for visitors to feel lightheaded for a day or two until they adjust (but actual altitude sickness is very rare). At this altitude, skies are a clearer, brighter blue than at sea level. At that elevation, water boils at only 203 degrees F, compared to 212 degrees at sea level, so cooking recipes have to be modified.
History
The Native American (Indian) groups indigenous to Colorado were the Anasazi and Utes who lived in the mountainous regions, and several tribes who lived in the flatlands and near the rivers at various times including the Cheyenne, Arapaho, Kiowa, Comanche, Pawnee and Sioux.[1]
It is believed that in 1541 the Spanish explorer Francisco Vázquez de Coronado was the first European on record to have entered the land that is now Colorado.[2] The Spanish called the area Colorado because of its red colored earth.[3]
The United States acquired part of what is now Colorado in 1803 through the Louisiana Purchase. In 1848 Mexico ceded claims to the rest of it. There were no European settlers or forts. Before gaining statehood, Colorado was part of the Nebraska, Utah, Kansas, and New Mexico Territories, and in 1861 Congress created the Territory of Colorado. The state now encompasses 104,247 square miles.
The state is bordered by Wyoming, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Utah. The population of Colorado is approximately 4,750,000.
Official Symbols
Colorado has many official state symbols including:[4]
- State Bird: Lark Bunting
- State Flower: Rocky Mountain Columbine
- State Animal: Big Horn Sheep
- State Fish: Greenback Cutthroat Trout
- State Tree: Colorado Blue Spruce
- State Folk Dance: Square Dance
- State Fossil: Stegosaurus
- State Gemstone: Aquamarine
- State Insect: Colorado Hairstreak Butterfly
- State Song: "Where the Columbines Grow" and "Rocky Mountain High"
Notable Coloradoans
- James Dobson, Christian psychologist and writer. Former head of the group Focus on the Family.
- John Elway, former quarterback for the Denver Broncos.
- Greg Ryder, County, Western, Western swing, ballad, folk, and popular singer and guitarist based in Durango
- Tom Tancredo, former US Representative.
Elected officials
Federal
- Sen. Cory Gardner (R)
- Sen. Michael Bennet (D)
- Rep. Diana DeGette [D, CO-1]
- Rep. Joe Neguse [D, CO-2]
- Rep. Scott Tipton [R, CO-3]
- Rep. Ken Buck [R, CO-4]
- Rep. Doug Lamborn [R, CO-5]
- Rep. Jason Crow [D, CO-6]
- Rep. Ed Perlmutter [D, CO-7]
Statewide
- Governor Jared Polis (D)
- Lt. Governor Dianne Primavera (D)
- Secretary of State Jena Griswold (D)
- Attorney General Phil Weiser (D)
- State Treasurer Dave Young (D)
See also
- Rocky Mountains
- Denver
- Colorado Universities
- Purple states - swing states that can vote either Republican or Democratic
- Blue states or Democratic
- Red states - Republican
Bibliography
- Abbott, Carl, Stephen J. Leonard, and David McComb. Colorado: A History of the Centennial State. 2nd ed 1982.
- Athearn, Robert G. The Coloradans. 1976. popular history
- Athearn, Robert G. Rebel of the Rockies: A History of the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad. 1962.
- Baker, James H., and Leroy R. Hafen, eds. History of Colorado. 5 vol State Historical Society of Colorado, 1927, with many short biographical sketches
- Bancroft, Hubert Howe, History of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming, 1540-1888 (1890) 828 pages; famous classic; online edition
- Eugene H. Berwanger. The Rise of the Centennial State: Colorado Territory, 1861-76, (2007) 208 pages
- Cassels, E. Steve. The Archeology of Colorado. Boulder: Johnson Books, 1983
- Cronin, Thomas E. and Robert D. Loevy. Colorado Politics & Government: Governing the Centennial State, (1993) online edition
- Ellis, Elmer. Henry Moore Teller: Defender of the West. 1941.
- Ellis, Richard N., and Duane A. Smith. Colorado: A History in Photographs. 1991.
- Gulliford, Andrew. Boomtown Blues: Colorado Oil Shale, 1885-1985. 1989.
- Hafen, Le Roy R. Colorado: The Story of a Western Commonwealth. 1933.
- Hogan, Richard. Class and Community in Frontier Colorado. 1990.
- Lamm, Richard D., and Duane A. Smith. Pioneers and Politicians: 10 Colorado Governors in Profile. 1981. popular
- Lorch, Robert S. Colorado's Government. 5th ed. 1991. textbook
- Ormes, Robert M. Guide to the Colorado Mountains. 7th ed. 1979.
- Parsons, Eugene. The Making of Colorado: A Historical Sketch (1908) 324 pages online edition
- Rohrbough, Malcolm J. Aspen: The History of a Silver Mining Town, 1879-1893. 1986. scholarly study
- Scamehorn, Lee. High Altitude Energy: A History of Fossil Fuels in Colorado (2002) online edition
- Scamehorn, Lee. Mill & Mine: The Cf&I in the Twentieth Century (1992) online edition
- Schulte, Steven C. Wayne Aspinall and the Shaping of the American West (2002) online edition
- Smith, Duane A. Henry M. Teller: Colorado's Grand Old Man, 2002 online edition
- Sprague, Marshall. Money Mountain: The Story of Cripple Creek Gold (1979) online edition
- Ubbelohde, Carl, Maxine Benson, and Duane Smith. A Colorado History. 6th ed. 1988. textbook
- Wright, James Edward. The Politics of Populism: Dissent in Colorado. 1974. on 1890s
Primary sources
- Ubbelohde, Carl, ed. A Colorado Reader (2nd ed 1964)
- Fossett, Frank. Colorado: A Historical, Descriptive and Statistical Work on the Rocky Mountain Gold and Silver Mining Region (1878) 470 pages online edition
- Fossett, Frank. Colorado, Its Gold and Silver Mines: Farms and Stock Ranges, and Health and Pleasure Resorts (1880), 1184 pages online edition
- Parsons, Eugene. A Guidebook to Colorado (1911) 390 pages online edition
References
- ↑ http://www.colorado.gov/dpa/doit/archives/history/histfaqs.htm
- ↑ http://www.colorado.gov/
- ↑ The name is also sometimes credited to a Jesuit, Francisco Garcia, who in 1776 named the land after the Colorado River. Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (Oxford 2005) p 116
- ↑ Colorado Department of Personnel and Adminstration Website
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