Donald Trump achievements: Foreign policy (2019)

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Official presidential photo of President Donald Trump
Main article: Donald Trump achievements: Foreign policy

This article is a list of achievements by U.S. President Donald Trump, his administration, and Congress related to his foreign policy in 2019.

By 2019, the Trump Administration exercised global leadership in foreign policy matters and was unafraid to take bold actions, as seen in several decisions made at the beginning of that year.[1] The administration's conservative and nationalist policies had diverged significantly from the liberal and globalist policies of many European countries.[2] President Trump successfully secured the release of numerous Americans imprisoned overseas.[3] According to the Pew Research Center in early 2019, "concern" by the world's population over the United States' "power and influence" increased from 25% in 2013 to 45%.[4] By 2019, Vice President Mike Pence had successfully worked to advance conservative foreign policy priorities.[5] The State Department deep state, however, continued working against President Trump's America First policies.[6]

Executive actions, 2019

United Nations, other international organizations, and U.S. sovereignty

The Trump Administration took actions related to the United Nations and similar international organizations, and it also took some steps to restore American national sovereignty:

  • January 4, 2019—It was reported that since mid-2018, the Trump Administration had stopped cooperating with UN investigations into alleged human rights violations by the United States.[7]
  • February 1, 2019—The Trump Administration announced that the U.S. would withdraw from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty due to Russia violating it for several years.[8] On March 11, 2019, the U.S. announced it would begin production of parts for missile systems that had been banned under the treaty.[9] On August 2, 2019, the U.S. officially withdrew from the INF Treaty.[10] On August 19, 2019, the Pentagon announced it had tested a missile banned under the former treaty.[11]
  • March 15, 2019—Secretary of State Pompeo announced the U.S. would impose visa restrictions on any member of the International Criminal Court who investigated the U.S. military for alleged war crimes.[12] On April 5, 2019, the Trump Administration revoked the visa of the ICC's chief prosecutor.[13]
  • April 26, 2019—President Trump announced the U.S. would withdraw the U.S. signature from the United Nations Arms Trade Treaty, which former president Obama signed in 2013 and which threatened Second Amendment rights.[14] President Trump signed a letter to the U.S. Senate asking it to stop the process of ratifying the treaty.[14] In announcing the decision, President Trump stated that "under my administration, we will never surrender American sovereignty to anyone" and that "we will never allow foreign bureaucrats to trample on your Second Amendment freedom."[14]
  • May 15, 2019—The Trump Administration refused to join an international agreement intended to fight "online extremism," with the administration citing its support for free speech as a reason as well as its concern that the agreement would contradict First Amendment rights.[15]

Foreign aid

The Trump Administration took several steps to reduce and improve aid to foreign countries:

  • February 10, 2019—The United States and South Korea signed a one-year agreement to increase South Korea's share of the cost to host U.S. troops in the country.[16] A formal agreement was signed on March 8, 2019.[17]
  • March 26, 2019—Secretary of State Pompeo announced the U.S. would expand the pro-life Mexico City Policy so that any organization that supports pro-abortion organizations would lose U.S. funding.[18] Pompeo announced the Organization of American States would be the first organization to lose American funding because of the new policy.[18]
  • July 16, 2019—For the third year in a row, the Trump Administration withheld funding for the United Nations Population Fund, an international organization that promotes abortion and population control.[19]
  • August 3, 2019—The Trump Administration froze most U.S. foreign aid and started a review of such aid.[20]

Israel

The Trump Administration took several actions related to Israel. Trump took a very pro-Israel stance as U.S. President[21] and relations between him and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu remained positive in 2019.[22]

  • March 4, 2019—The Trump Administration closed its Jerusalem consulate dealing with Palestinian issues and merged it into the U.S. Embassy in Jerusalem, something it first announced in October 2018.[23]
  • March 13, 2019—In a report released by the State Department, the U.S. referred to the Golan Heights as "Israeli-controlled" rather than "occupied," and it also removed the "occupied" wording from separate references to the West Bank and Gaza Strip.[24]
  • March 21, 2019—Secretary of State Pompeo visited the Western Wall with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, the first time a U.S. diplomat visited the location with a senior Israeli official.[25]
  • March 25, 2019—In a major shift in U.S. policy, President Trump signed a proclamation officially recognizing the Golan Heights as part of Israel.[26] Four days earlier, on March 21, President Trump announced it was time for the U.S. to recognize Israeli sovereignty over the Golan Heights.[27] After the announcement, the U.S. government announced it would redraw its official maps to acknowledge this recognition,[28] and it published its first such map on April 16, 2019.[29]
  • May 8, 2019—The Trump Administration announced that since it had just moved its ambassador's official residence from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, all the terms of the Jerusalem Embassy Act had been met and no more waiver was required.[30]
  • June 30, 2019—While a symbolic move, the presence of two senior U.S. officials, including the U.S. ambassador to Israel, at an archeological ceremony in East Jerusalem reinforced the Trump Administration's recognition of East Jerusalem as part of Israel.[31]
  • August 2019—The State Department updated its definition of anti-Semitism to include comparisons of Israel with Nazi Germany.[32]

Latin America

President Trump and conservative Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro meeting at the White House, March 2019

President Trump took several actions related to Latin America and various Latin American countries:

  • Actions regarding Brazil:
    • January 1, 2019—The Trump Administration, including President Trump himself, wasted no time establishing warm relations with Brazil's new conservative government led by President Jair Bolsonaro.[33] This came after President Trump warmly congratulated Bolsonaro for his 2018 election victory,[34] and after National Security Advisor John Bolton gave a strong speech in November 2018 that spoke highly of him.[35] On March 19, 2019, President Trump and President Bolsonaro met at the White House, a meeting that highlighted their strong relationship and shared conservative views.[36] The previous day, on March 18, 2019, Brazil and the U.S. signed a technology safeguards agreement to allow U.S. space launches from Brazil's Alcantara Aerospace Launch Base.[37] Presidents Trump and Bolsonaro met again on June 28, 2019, at the G20 summit.[38]
    • July 31, 2019—The Trump Administration officially designated Brazil a "major non-NATO ally."[39]
  • Actions regarding Venezuela:
    • January 23, 2019—The United States, under President Trump, recognized the Venezuela's opposition leader, Juan Guaidó, as the country's interim president rather than Nicolas Maduro.[40]
    • The Trump Administration imposed numerous sanctions on Venezuela's Maduro regime. For example, on January 28, 2019, it announced major sanctions on Venezuela's state-owned oil company PDVSA.[41] On February 15, 2019, the Trump Administration announced additional sanctions on officials connected to Maduro,[42] and it announced additional sanctions on February 25, 2019,[43] March 1, 2019,[44] March 5, 2019,[45] and March 11, 2019.[46] On March 19, 2019, the U.S. imposed sanctions on Venezuela's state-owned gold mining company.[47] On March 22, 2019, the Trump Administration again imposed additional financial sanctions,[48] and later in the month, it ordered foreign oil trading houses and refiners to reduce their trade with Venezuela.[49] On April 5, 2019, the Trump Administration enacted additional sanctions on the Venezuelan and Cuban oil industry,[50] and on April 12, 2019, the administration imposed sanctions on four companies and nine ships that shipped oil from Venezuela, some of which went to Cuba.[51] On April 17, 2019, the Trump Administration imposed additional sanctions on Venezuela in addition to Cuba and Nicaragua.[52] On April 26, 2019, the Trump Administration imposed sanctions on Venezuela's foreign minister and a judge.[53] On May 10, 2019, the Trump Administration imposed sanctions on two shipping companies for transporting Venezuelan oil to Cuba.[54] It was reported on May 23, 2019, that the Trump Administration has ordered some foreign companies to stop trading jet fuel with Venezuela.[55] On June 28, 2019, the Trump Administration announced sanctions on Maduro's son.[56] On July 25, 2019, the U.S. several individuals and entities over corruption in a food program in the country.[57]
    • On February 18, 2019, President Trump gave a major speech on Venezuela in which he condemned Maduro's regime along with socialist ideology in general.[58]
    • May 15, 2019—The Trump Administration suspended all flights between the U.S. and Venezuela.[59]
    • August 5, 2019—President Trump signed an executive order freezing all Venezuelan government assets in the U.S., imposing an embargo against the Maduro regime.[60]
  • The Trump Administration's posture toward Cuba changed significantly from the end of the Obama Administration.[61] President Trump took several actions regarding the country:
    • March 4, 2019—The Trump Administration announced it would allow U.S. citizens to sue Cuban companies and other entities for seizing their property after the Cuban Revolution in 1959.[62]
    • March 15, 2019—The State Department ended a five-year tourist visa for Cubans, one of the toughest economic measures taken against the country by the Administration up to that point.[63]
    • April 5, 2019—The Trump Administration imposed sanctions on two companies that transported oil to Cuba, part of a larger package of sanctions targeting Cuba and Venezuela.[50]
    • April 8, 2019—The Trump Administration blocked an agreement that would have allowed Cuban baseball players to play in Major League Baseball without defecting from the communist country.[64]
    • April 17, 2019—The Trump Administration reversed several Obama Administration policies toward Cuba, cracking down on the country for its support of Venezuela.[65] For example, the administration announced it would fully enforce the 1996 Helms-Burton Act by allowing U.S. citizens to sue foreign companies that use property taken by Cuba's government since the 1959 revolution.[66] The administration also restricted travel to Cuba as well as remittances from the U.S. to Cuba.[67] The Trump Administration also imposed sanctions on Cuba, Venezuela, and Nicaragua.[52]
    • June 4, 2019—The Trump Administration announced it would ban "people-to-people" cruises to Cuba, further restricting travel to the communist country.[68]
    • July 3, 2019—The U.S. imposed sanctions on a Cuban state-run oil shipping company because of its ties with Maduro's Venezuelan government.[69]
    • July 26, 2019—The U.S. imposed restrictions on visas for Cuban officials in an overseas medicine program.[70]

China

The Trump Administration continued challenging China,[71] and the establishment adopted his policies toward to country.[72] U.S. relations with Taiwan strengthened,[73] and the U.S. military refocused some of its operations to counter China.[74]

For Trump Administration actions regarding China on trade-related issues, see Donald Trump achievements: Trade policy#2019.

  • Several times in 2019, the U.S. Navy intentionally sailed in disputed waters claimed by China, such as the South China Sea and the Taiwan Strait.[75] For example, the Navy took actions like this on January 7, 2019,[76] January 24, 2019,[77] February 10, 2019,[78] February 25, 2019,[79] March 24, 2019,[80] April 9, 2019,[81] April 28, 2019,[82] May 6, 2019,[83] May 19, 2019,[84] May 22, 2019,[85] July 24, 2019,[86] and August 6, 2019.[87] The military also flew a B-52 Stratofortress in disputed airspace over the South China Sea on March 5, 2019.[88] Between May 2–8, 2019, the U.S. joined India, Japan, and the Philippines in sailing naval ships through the South China Sea.[89]
  • The U.S. began conducting counter-cyberattacks against the Chinese government and military.[90]
  • July 8, 2019—The State Department approved a Defense Department proposal for a major $2 billion arms sale to Taiwan.[91] The administration formally notified Congress of the sale on August 20, 2019.[92]

North Korea

The Trump Administration took actions related to North Korea:

  • February 27–28, 2019—President Trump held a second summit with North Korean dictator Kim Jong-un in Vietnam[93] and illustrated his emphasis on achieving good deals, rather than just any deal, by ending the summit early when no good agreement could be reached.[94]
  • March 21, 2019—The Trump Administration imposed sanctions on two Chinese shipping companies for helping North Korea evade sanctions against it.[95]
  • May 9, 2019—The Trump Administration announced it had seized a North Korean ship for transporting coal in violation of sanctions, something the U.S. government had never done before.[96]
  • June 19, 2019—The Trump Administration imposed sanctions on a Russian bank for helping North Korea evade sanctions.[97]
  • June 30, 2019—President Trump met Kim Jong-Un at the Demilitarized Zone,[98] with Trump becoming the first U.S. president to enter North Korea.[99]
  • July 23, 2019—The U.S. indicted four Chinese individuals and a Chinese company for violating sanctions on North Korea.[100]
  • July 29, 2019—The Trump Administration imposed sanctions on a North Korean official who helped the country develop its nuclear weapons program.[101]

Iran

The Trump Administration continued taking actions against Iran.[102] By March 2019, it had crippled Iran's ability to ship oil to Syria,[103] and it had deeply hurt Iran's economy.[104] The Trump Administration also focused on countering Hezbollah.[105] Despite these strong actions, President Trump resisted pressure by neocons and other interventionists to overreact to Iranian aggression and start a war with the Islamic republic,[106] and he called on other countries to take greater responsibility in the region.[107]

  • March 22, 2019—The Trump Administration imposed sanctions on 14 individuals and 17 entities connected to Iran's nuclear and missile research programs.[108]
  • March 26, 2019—The U.S. imposed sanctions on 25 people and companies in Iran, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates for violating sanctions and funding Iranian military operations, including the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps and defense ministry.[109]
  • April 8, 2019—The Trump Administration officially designated Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps a foreign terrorist organization, the first time the U.S. did so for an entire foreign government entity.[110]
  • April 22, 2019—The Trump Administration announced it would stop granting sanctions waivers that allow other countries to import Iranian oil.[111]
  • April 24, 2019—The Trump Administration imposed sanctions on two individuals and three entities helping Hezbollah.[112] Later, on July 9, 2019, the Trump Administration, for the first time, imposed sanctions on Hezbollah lawmakers.[113] On July 19, 2019, it imposed sanctions on another Hezbollah member.[114]
  • May 3, 2019—The Trump Administration announced it would enact restrictions on Iran's nuclear activities and end several of its waivers, and despite renewing several other waivers, it reduced their length from 180 to 90 days.[115]
  • May 8, 2019—President Trump signed an executive order imposing sanctions on Iran's steel, iron, aluminum, and copper industries, the country's largest non-oil source of income.[116]
  • June 7, 2019—The Trump Administration imposed sanctions on Iran's largest petrochemical company.[117]
  • June 12, 2019—The Trump Administration imposed sanctions on an Iraqi company over connections to the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps.[118]
  • June 24, 2019—President Trump signed an order imposing sanctions on Iran's supreme leader and eight high-ranking military commanders.[119]
  • July 18, 2019—The U.S. imposed sanctions on seven companies and three individuals for helping Iran obtain materials to build nuclear weapons.[120]
  • July 22, 2019—The U.S. imposed sanctions on a Chinese company for violating oil sanctions on Iran.[121]
  • July 31, 2019—The Trump Administration imposed sanctions on Iran's foreign minister for enabling Iran's provocative actions.[122]

Russia

The Trump Administration took several actions related to Russia:[123]

  • February 1, 2019—The U.S. announced it would withdraw from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty due to Russia violating it for several years.[8] On March 11, 2019, the U.S. announced it would begin production of parts for missile systems that had been banned under the treaty,[9] and it officially withdrew from the treaty on August 2, 2019.[10] On August 19, 2019, the Pentagon announced it had tested a missile banned under the former treaty.[11]
  • March 15, 2019—The U.S., along with the EU and Canada, imposed sanctions on several Russian individuals and entities for supporting the country's actions with regards to Ukraine and the Crimean Peninsula.[124]
  • May 16, 2019—The Trump Administration imposed sanctions on Russian and Chechen officials because of alleged human rights abuses.[125]
  • August 1, 2019—President Trump signed an executive order imposing additional sanctions on Russia for allegedly using chemical weapons on two Russian individuals in the UK.[126]

Other

  • February 19, 2019—The Trump Administration began an international campaign to decriminalize homosexuality.[127]
  • February 25, 2019—President Trump secured the release of an American held for eighteen months in Yemen, another example of the Trump Administration's efforts to free overseas American prisoners.[128]
  • May 6, 2019—At the Arctic Council's ministerial meeting, Secretary of State Pompeo strongly criticized China and Russia for their increasingly aggressive activities and ambitions in the Arctic Ocean region and made clear the U.S. would counter those ambitions.[129] Because of the Trump Administration's opposition to mentioning climate change in the meeting's joint declaration, the meeting did not issue such a statement for the first time since its formation.[130]
  • May 13, 2019—President Trump hosted conservative Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán at the White House, the first time Orbán had been invited in about two decades, and Trump spoke very positively of Orbán's opposition to mass migration and his support for helping Christian communities worldwide.[131]
  • May 30, 2019—The State Department moved to create a Commission on Unalienable Rights, a human rights panel based on "natural law and natural rights."[132] On July 8, 2019, Secretary Pompeo officially created the Commission on Unalienable Rights.[133]
  • June 7, 2019—It was reported that the State Department refused to allow U.S. embassies to fly the rainbow "pride flag" on official flagpoles.[134]
  • June 17, 2019—Italian Deputy Prime Minister Matteo Salvini, a strong conservative, received an official visit to the White House and met senior Trump Administration officials including Vice President Pence and Secretary of State Pompeo.[135]
  • July 16, 2019—The State Department launched its second Ministerial to Advance Religious Freedom, the largest religious freedom conference ever held, and with Secretary Pompeo announcing an international alliance to counter religious persecution.[136]

Other achievements, 2019

U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and Italian Deputy Prime Minister Matteo Salvini, June 2019

While the following achievements were not official United States government policy actions by the Trump Administration, they were closely related to the Trump Administration and its policies:

  • January 10, 2019—Secretary of State Mike Pompeo gave a strong speech in Cairo – the same location where Barack Obama gave a speech in 2009 that criticized his own country – criticizing Obama's statements and weak foreign policy.[137] Among other statements, Pompeo stated that "the age of self-inflicted American shame is over."[137]
  • January 22, 2019—Secretary of State Pompeo made strongly conservative statements as he spoke remotely to World Economic Forum in Davos, stating that the "disruption" and decline of the globalist establishment in countries such as the U.S., UK, Brazil, and Italy was a "positive development." He also embraced the concept of the sovereign nation-state, strong national borders, and President Trump's America First philosophy.[138]
  • February 16, 2019—Vice President Mike Pence gave a strong speech in Munich, defending President Trump's foreign policy and challenging Europe to follow its vision, and he implicitly highlighted the difference between the U.S. under Trump and liberal Europe.[139]
  • President Trump continued criticizing "endless wars" and committed to allowing U.S. troops to return home.[140] In his State of the Union Address, President Trump defended his decision to withdraw U.S. soldiers from the Middle East, stating that "great nations do not fight endless wars."[141]
  • Because of President Trump's efforts, other NATO member states continued increasing their defense spending.[142]
  • July 8, 2019—Vice President Pence, Secretary of State Pompeo, and National Security Advisor Bolton all spoke at Christians United for Israel's annual summit.[143]
  • President Trump continued to maintain close relations with Nigel Farage, a strong conservative and pro-Brexit advocate, meeting with him[144] and speaking positively of him.[145] Additionally, President Trump and other administration officials such as John Bolton[146] advocated for Brexit and criticized UK Prime Minister Theresa May's handling of Brexit.[147]

References

  1. Salmon, Felix (February 3, 2019). America's resurgent hegemony. Axios. Retrieved February 3, 2019.
    See also:
  2. Multiple references: See also:
  3. McKay, Hollie (July 25, 2019). Trump brings home American hostages through policy and focus, experts say. Fox News. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
    Specific examples in 2019:
  4. Williams, Thomas D. (February 11, 2019). Pew: Nations More Fearful of U.S. ‘Power and Influence’ Since Trump Election. Breitbart News. Retrieved February 11, 2019.
    See also:
  5. Donati, Jessica; Nicholas, Peter (February 19, 2019). With Evangelicals Behind Him, Vice President Mike Pence Takes Prominent Role in Foreign Policy. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
    See also:
  6. Wong, Kristina (August 14, 2019). Mystery, Anger Linger Over the Firing of a Pro-Trump Top State Department Official. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  7. Multiple references:
  8. 8.0 8.1 Multiple references: The U.S. made the withdrawal official the following day, on February 2, 2019: In response to the U.S. announcement, Russia announced it would also leave the treaty: Russia made its announcement official on March 4, 2019: On July 3, 2019, Russia enacted a law formally suspending the country's involvement in the treaty: See also:
  9. 9.0 9.1 Multiple references: The Pentagon reportedly planned on developing and testing these missiles:
  10. 10.0 10.1 Multiple references: See also:
  11. 11.0 11.1 Multiple references: See also:
  12. Multiple references:
  13. Multiple references: See also:
  14. 14.0 14.1 14.2 Multiple references: See also:
  15. Multiple references: See also:
  16. Multiple references:
  17. Multiple referneces: Subsequent statements by President Trump:
  18. 18.0 18.1 Multiple references:
  19. Multiple references:
  20. Multiple references:
  21. Pierson, Katrina (April 16, 2019). No U.S. President Has Done More for Israel Than Donald Trump. Townhall. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
    See also: Contrast with Democrats:
  22. Shesgreen, Deirdre (March 25, 2019). Trump-Netanyahu: How two leaders reap political rewards from their cozy relationship. USA Today. Retrieved March 26, 2019.
    See also:
  23. Multiple references:
  24. Multiple references:
  25. Multiple references:
  26. Multiple references: Text of the proclamation: See also:
  27. Multiple references: See also:
  28. Multiple references:
  29. Multiple references: See also:
  30. Multiple references: See also:
  31. Multiple references:
  32. Multiple references:
  33. Multiple references: See also:
  34. Multiple references:
  35. Multiple references: See also:
  36. Multiple references: The two leaders' statements on socialism: The two leaders' statements on fake news: See also:
  37. Multiple references: Articles prior to the actual signing of the agreement: See also:
  38. Multiple references:
  39. Multiple references:
  40. Multiple references: See also: President Trump called Guaidó a few days later to congratulate him:
  41. Multiple references: See also: Related actions:
  42. Multiple references: See also:
  43. Multiple references:
  44. Multiple references: See also:
  45. Multiple references:
  46. Multiple references:
  47. Multiple references:
  48. Multiple references:
  49. Payne, Julia; Zhdannikov, Dmitry (March 28, 2019). Exclusive: U.S. orders foreign firms to further cut down on oil trades with Venezuela. Reuters. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
  50. 50.0 50.1 Multiple references: See also:
  51. Multiple references: See also:
  52. 52.0 52.1 Multiple references:
  53. Multiple references:
  54. Multiple references: The Trump Administration also threatened further sanctions:
  55. Payne, Julia; Zhdannikov, Dmitry (May 23, 2019). U.S. tells foreign firms to stop jet fuel trading with Venezuela: sources. Reuters. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  56. Multiple references: See also:
  57. Multiple references: Other sanctions on Venezuela:
  58. Multiple references: See also:
  59. Multiple references:
  60. Multiple references: See also:
  61. Faiola, Anthony (June 23, 2019). As sanctions bite in Cuba, the U.S. — once a driver of hope — is now a source of pain. The Washington Post. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
  62. Multiple references:
  63. Multiple references:
  64. Multiple references: See also:
  65. Multiple references: See also: Effects of administration's general crackdown on Cuba:
  66. Multiple references: Articles prior to the official announcement: Opposition from Canada and Europe to the policy change: See also:
  67. Multiple references:
  68. Multiple references: See also:
  69. Multiple references:
  70. Multiple references:
  71. Multiple references: See also:
  72. Multiple references: Public opinion also became increasingly opposed to China: See also:
  73. Multiple references:
  74. Kesling, Ben (April 3, 2019). U.S. Military Refocuses on Pacific to Counter Chinese Ambitions. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 3, 2019.
  75. Multiple references: See also:
  76. Multiple references: A critical conservative perspective of the Navy's sailing in disputed waters:
  77. Multiple references:
  78. Multiple references:
  79. Multiple references:
  80. Multiple references:
  81. Multiple references:
  82. Multiple references: See also:
  83. Multiple references: See also:
  84. Multiple references:
  85. Multiple references:
  86. Multiple references: See also:
  87. Multiple references:
  88. Multiple references:
  89. Multiple references: See also:
  90. Multiple references:
  91. Multiple references: Subsequent actions: See also:
  92. Mitchell, Ellen (August 20, 2019). Trump moves forward with $8 billion F-16 sale to Taiwan. The Hill. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
  93. Multiple references: See also:
  94. Multiple references: President Trump's statements on the summit: See also:
  95. Multiple references: Regarding President Trump's withdrawal of North Korea sanctions the following day:
  96. Multiple references: See also:
  97. Multiple references:
  98. Multiple references: See also:
  99. Multiple references:
  100. Multiple references:
  101. Multiple references:
  102. Titus, Alex (May 3, 2019). Trump’s the only one making sense on Iran. Washington Examiner. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
    See also: These actions reportedly included at least one cyberattack on Iran: Former Obama Administration officials attempted to undermine the Trump Administration's actions: Reaction:
  103. Faucon, Benoit; Said, Summer; Malsin, Jared (March 22, 2019). U.S. Sanctions Hit Iran’s Oil Lifeline to Syria. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 22, 2019.
  104. Multiple references: These sanctions also severely hurt Hezbollah's finances: See also:
  105. Dunleavy, Jerry (July 25, 2019). DOJ vows to step up fight against Hezbollah amid Iran tensions. Washington Examiner. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
  106. Multiple references: See also: Despite this, President Trump did not totally rule out appropriate military action either, and he and his advisors warned Iran against aggression:
  107. Multiple references: See also:
  108. Multiple references: See also:
  109. Multiple references:
  110. Multiple references: See also:
  111. Multiple references: See also:
  112. Multiple references: See also:
  113. Multiple references:
  114. Multiple references:
  115. Multiple references: Waiver extensions: See also:
  116. Multiple references: See also:
  117. Multiple references:
  118. Multiple references:
  119. Multiple references: See also:
  120. Multiple references:
  121. Multiple references:
  122. Multiple references: See also:
  123. Mikelionis, Lukas (May 14, 2019). Trump administration most 'directly hostile' to Russia's interests since fall of communism: Ian Bremmer. Fox News. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
    See also:
  124. Multiple references:
  125. Multiple references:
  126. Multiple references: See also:
  127. Multiple references: Some conservatives criticized the campaign because it interfered with national sovereignty or because it illustrated misplaced priorities: Leftist response:
  128. Multiple references: See also:
  129. Multiple references: See also:
  130. Multiple references: See also:
  131. Multiple references: See also:
  132. Multiple references: See also:
  133. Multiple references: See also:
  134. Multiple references: Some U.S. embassies disobeyed the administration's order: Responses by the State Department and Vice President Pence: Overall State Department policy changes regarding LGBT issues under the Trump Administration: See also:
  135. Multiple references: See also:
  136. Multiple references: See also:
  137. 137.0 137.1 Multiple references: See also:
  138. Multiple references: Statements by Pompeo at a later event in which he also promoted an America First philosophy:
  139. Multiple references: Specifically regarding Iran: See also:
  140. Multiple references: Subsequent statements: See also:
  141. Multiple references: See also:
  142. Multiple references: See also:
  143. Multiple references: Specific statements made by the various officials: Transcript: Criticism from conservatives:
  144. Multiple references:
  145. Multiple references:
  146. Multiple references:
  147. Multiple references: