Difference between revisions of "Gestapo"

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The Gestapo was the secret police force of Nazi Germany. The word "Gestapo" is, in German, short for the words "Geheime Staatspolizei", which is translated "secret police of the state". The Nazis used this police force to quiet all opposition. German people were terrified of the Gestapo, as they were brutal, often arresting people in the middle of the night, and condemning them without giving them a chance to speak in their own defense. The Nazis placed them around Europe in countries occupied by Germany to spread Nazi ideas. Also they were used to spy on each other, on government officials, and on army officers. The Gestapo collected COMPLETE histories of people, so when the Nazis invaded that country they would know who would oppose them. The Gestapo were created in 1933, and Heinrich Himmler became their leader. The Gestapo were given supreme authority over other Nazi troops. They were usually chosen from the Elite Guard or Storm Troopers, who were known for their overbearing manner, and their capacity for brutality.
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The '''Gestapo''' was the secret police force of [[Nazi]] [[Germany]]. The word "Gestapo" is short for the German words ''Geheime Staatspolizei'' (Secret State Police).<ref>Miller (2006) p. 502</ref> It was formed by then Interior Minister of Prussia, [[Hermann Göring]] in April 1933 by removing the political and intelligence sections of the Prussian police and putting the unit under his command. By the following year, ''Reichsführer-SS'' [[Heinrich Himmler]] had assumed control of all the German state political police departments except for Prussia. Thereafter in April 1934, Göring turned over control of the Gestapo to Himmler and his right-hand man, [[SS]] general [[Reinhard Heydrich]] for use in the purge of the [[SA]], in what became known as the "Night of the Long Knives".<ref>McNab (2009) pp. 149–151, 156, 160</ref>
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They molded the force into a national agency to fight "enemies of the state". In 1936, the Gestapo became a sub-branch office of the ''Sicherheitspolizei'' (Security Police; SiPo) along with the ''Kriminalpolizei'' (Criminal Police; Kripo), under Heydrich's overall command. Later on September 27, 1939, the Gestapo and Kripo became departments of the ''Reichssicherheitshauptamt'' (RSHA) (Reich Security Main Office) under Heydrich. At that time, Heinrich Müller was made chief of the Gestapo (known as "Amt IV" or Department IV of the RSHA).<ref>McNab (2009) pp. 152, 156–157</ref>
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The Nazis used this police/security force to quiet all opposition from 1933 to 1945.<ref>Hoffman (1977) pp. 28–32</ref><ref>McNab (2009) pp. 160, 161</ref> Pursuant to German law passed in 1936, the Gestapo was given the power to arrest, interrogate and imprison people without any judicial review by the courts. German people were terrified of the Gestapo, as they were brutal, often arresting people in the middle of the night, and condemning them without giving them a chance to speak in their own defense. Further, the Gestapo relied on informants and people willing to denounce one another to their agents. The Nazis placed Gestapo agents around Europe in countries occupied by Germany to spread Nazi control and search out opponents.<ref>McNab (2009) pp. 160-163</ref> Also they were used to spy on people, including government officials, and military officers. The Gestapo collected histories of people, so when the Nazis invaded that country they would know who would oppose them.
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==See also==
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*[[SS]]
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==Notes==
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<references/>
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==References==
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*  Browder, George C. ''Hitler's Enforcers: The Gestapo and the SS Security Service in the Nazi Revolution'' (1996) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=52769823 online edition]
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* Burleigh, Michael. ''The Third Reich'' (2000).
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* Evans, Richard J.  ''The Third Reich in Power: 1933-1939'' (2005). 
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* Gellately, Robert. ''The Gestapo and German Society: Enforcing Racial Policy, 1933-1945'' (1990).
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* Hoffmann, Peter. ''The History of the German Resistance, 1933–1945'' (1977).
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* Manvell, Roger, and Heinrich Fraenkel. ''Heinrich Himmler: The SS, Gestapo, His Life and Career'' (2007).  
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* McNab, Chris. ''The SS: 1923–1945'' (2009).
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* Miller, Michael. ''Leaders of the SS and German Police, Vol. 1'' (2006).
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* Padfield, Peter. ''Himmler: Reichsführer-SS'' (1990).
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[[Category:Nazis]]
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[[Category:Anti-Semitism]]
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[[Category:World War II]]

Revision as of 16:37, March 6, 2017

The Gestapo was the secret police force of Nazi Germany. The word "Gestapo" is short for the German words Geheime Staatspolizei (Secret State Police).[1] It was formed by then Interior Minister of Prussia, Hermann Göring in April 1933 by removing the political and intelligence sections of the Prussian police and putting the unit under his command. By the following year, Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler had assumed control of all the German state political police departments except for Prussia. Thereafter in April 1934, Göring turned over control of the Gestapo to Himmler and his right-hand man, SS general Reinhard Heydrich for use in the purge of the SA, in what became known as the "Night of the Long Knives".[2]

They molded the force into a national agency to fight "enemies of the state". In 1936, the Gestapo became a sub-branch office of the Sicherheitspolizei (Security Police; SiPo) along with the Kriminalpolizei (Criminal Police; Kripo), under Heydrich's overall command. Later on September 27, 1939, the Gestapo and Kripo became departments of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA) (Reich Security Main Office) under Heydrich. At that time, Heinrich Müller was made chief of the Gestapo (known as "Amt IV" or Department IV of the RSHA).[3]

The Nazis used this police/security force to quiet all opposition from 1933 to 1945.[4][5] Pursuant to German law passed in 1936, the Gestapo was given the power to arrest, interrogate and imprison people without any judicial review by the courts. German people were terrified of the Gestapo, as they were brutal, often arresting people in the middle of the night, and condemning them without giving them a chance to speak in their own defense. Further, the Gestapo relied on informants and people willing to denounce one another to their agents. The Nazis placed Gestapo agents around Europe in countries occupied by Germany to spread Nazi control and search out opponents.[6] Also they were used to spy on people, including government officials, and military officers. The Gestapo collected histories of people, so when the Nazis invaded that country they would know who would oppose them.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Miller (2006) p. 502
  2. ↑ McNab (2009) pp. 149–151, 156, 160
  3. ↑ McNab (2009) pp. 152, 156–157
  4. ↑ Hoffman (1977) pp. 28–32
  5. ↑ McNab (2009) pp. 160, 161
  6. ↑ McNab (2009) pp. 160-163

References

  • Browder, George C. Hitler's Enforcers: The Gestapo and the SS Security Service in the Nazi Revolution (1996) online edition
  • Burleigh, Michael. The Third Reich (2000).
  • Evans, Richard J. The Third Reich in Power: 1933-1939 (2005).
  • Gellately, Robert. The Gestapo and German Society: Enforcing Racial Policy, 1933-1945 (1990).
  • Hoffmann, Peter. The History of the German Resistance, 1933–1945 (1977).
  • Manvell, Roger, and Heinrich Fraenkel. Heinrich Himmler: The SS, Gestapo, His Life and Career (2007).
  • McNab, Chris. The SS: 1923–1945 (2009).
  • Miller, Michael. Leaders of the SS and German Police, Vol. 1 (2006).
  • Padfield, Peter. Himmler: Reichsführer-SS (1990).
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