Difference between revisions of "Gold"
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− | + | {{Element | |
+ | | name= Gold | ||
+ | | image=gold1.jpg | ||
+ | | caption= | ||
+ | | symbol=Au | ||
+ | | class=Group 11, Coinage metals | ||
+ | | amass=196.967 | ||
+ | | stableisotopes=197 | ||
+ | | unstableisotopes=190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200 | ||
+ | | meltingpoint=1,064 | ||
+ | | boilingpoint= 2,807 | ||
+ | | density=19.3 | ||
+ | | hardness=2.5-3.0 | ||
+ | | abundance=0.0000005 | ||
+ | | oxidation=+1, +3 | ||
+ | | date=Early antiquity | ||
+ | | discname= | ||
+ | | origname= | ||
+ | | uses=Coinage, ornamentation, electronics, dentistry | ||
+ | | obtained=Mining | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | '''Gold''' is a chemical [[element]]. Gold is in group 11, the [[copper]] group, it has 79 protons in its nucleus. It is a precious [[metal]] which has been used as [[currency]]. Gold is found in nature as nuggets or grains in rocks, underground and in deposits. It is a soft, shiny, yellow metal. | ||
− | + | == Purity == | |
+ | The purity of gold in a compound is measured in [[Carat|Karats]], with 24 karats being pure gold. 18 karat gold is three quarters gold, one quarter other [[elements]], and so forth. Gold is usually in alloys because it is soft and pliable. | ||
− | Gold is the basis for a monetary standard used by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Bank for International Settlements (BIS). | + | == Value == |
+ | Due to its characteristics being both resistant to oxidisation and rarity on [[Earth]], gold is seen as very valuable. Gold is the basis for a monetary standard used by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Gold is currently in excess of $1500 per [[ounce]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://goldprice.org/gold-price.html|title=Gold Price per Ounce|accessdate=2019-08-25|publisher=goldprice.org}}</ref> | ||
− | Because gold is highly conductive and very resistant to oxidation, it is vital in electronics. Gold plating is used on switch contacts, printed circuit boards, and device leads. There is enough gold in electronic devices to make it worthwhile to process discarded devices in order to reclaim the gold in them. | + | == Uses== |
+ | Because gold is highly conductive and very resistant to [[oxidation]], it is vital in electronics. Gold plating is used on switch contacts, printed circuit boards, and device leads. There is enough gold in electronic devices to make it worthwhile to process discarded devices in order to reclaim the gold in them. | ||
− | Gold | + | ==World Production (2018)== |
+ | Gold production by country in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gold.org/goldhub/data/historical-mine-production|title=Gold mine production by country|accessdate=2019-08-25|publisher=gold.org|date=2019-04-04}}</ref> | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | ! Rank | ||
+ | ! Country | ||
+ | ! Production (kg) | ||
+ | ! Production (%) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |1||[[China]]||align="right"|404.1||align="right"|12.17 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |2||[[Australia]]||align="right"|314.9||align="right"|9.48 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |3||[[Russian Federation]]||align="right"|297.3||align="right"|8.95 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |4||[[United States]]||align="right"|221.7||align="right"|6.67 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |5||[[Canada]]||align="right"|189||align="right"|5.69 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |6||[[Peru]]||align="right"|158.4||align="right"|4.77 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |7||[[Indonesia]]||align="right"|136.9||align="right"|4.12 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |8||[[Ghana]]||align="right"|130.5||align="right"|3.93 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |9||[[South Africa]]||align="right"|129.8||align="right"|3.91 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |10||[[Mexico]]||align="right"|115.4||align="right"|3.47 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |11||[[Brazil]]||align="right"|97.1||align="right"|2.92 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |12||[[Uzbekistan]]||align="right"|92.5||align="right"|2.78 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |13||[[Sudan]]||align="right"|76.6||align="right"|2.31 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |14||[[Papua New Guinea]]||align="right"|69.1||align="right"|2.08 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |15||[[Kazakhstan]]||align="right"|68.4||align="right"|2.06 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |16||[[Mali]]||align="right"|61.2||align="right"|1.84 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |17||[[Argentina]]||align="right"|60||align="right"|1.81 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |18||[[Burkina Faso]]||align="right"|59.3||align="right"|1.79 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |19||[[Tanzania]]||align="right"|47.7||align="right"|1.44 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |20||[[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Dem. Rep. of the Congo]]||align="right"|44.9||align="right"|1.35 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |21||[[Colombia]]||align="right"|43||align="right"|1.29 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |22||[[Zimbabwe]]||align="right"|42.2||align="right"|1.27 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |23||[[Côte d'Ivoire]]||align="right"|40.9||align="right"|1.23 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |24||[[Philippines]]||align="right"|36.8||align="right"|1.11 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |25||[[Chile]]||align="right"|36.5||align="right"|1.10 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |26||[[Suriname]]||align="right"|34.3||align="right"|1.03 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |27||[[Dominican Republic]]||align="right"|31.6||align="right"|0.95 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |28||[[Guinea]]||align="right"|27.3||align="right"|0.82 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |29||[[Guyana]]||align="right"|25.6||align="right"|0.77 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |30||[[Turkey]]||align="right"|24.9||align="right"|0.75 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |31||[[Bolivia]]||align="right"|24.1||align="right"|0.73 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |32||[[Venezuela]]||align="right"|23||align="right"|0.69 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |33||[[Mongolia]]||align="right"|22.6||align="right"|0.68 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |34||[[Kyrgyzstan]]||align="right"|22.1||align="right"|0.67 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |35||[[Senegal]]||align="right"|17.5||align="right"|0.53 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |36||[[Egypt]]||align="right"|14.7||align="right"|0.44 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |37||[[Nigeria]]||align="right"|14||align="right"|0.42 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |38||[[Ecuador]]||align="right"|11.5||align="right"|0.35 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |39||[[Iran]]||align="right"|11||align="right"|0.33 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |40||[[Ethiopia]]||align="right"|11||align="right"|0.33 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |41||[[New Zealand]]||align="right"|9.3||align="right"|0.28 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |42||[[Finland]]||align="right"|8.3||align="right"|0.25 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |43||[[Sweden]]||align="right"|7.9||align="right"|0.24 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |44||[[Bulgaria]]||align="right"|6.8||align="right"|0.20 | ||
+ | |} | ||
− | + | Gold was one of the three [[Gifts of the Magi]], along with [[frankincense]] and [[myrrh]].<ref>[http://www.blueletterbible.org/kjv/Mat/Mat002.html#11 Matthew 2:11]</ref> | |
− | [[Category: | + | Gold is also used in [[jewelry]]. However, the [[New Testament]] instructs [[Christian]] [[women]] not to wear gold or [[pearl]]s.<ref>[http://www.blueletterbible.org/kjv/1Ti/1Ti002.html#9 I Timothy 2:9]</ref> Other uses of gold include aerospace, awards, [[bullion]], coinage, computers, [[Gold standard|currency backing]], dentistry, electronics, glassmaking, gold gilding and gold leaf and medical.<ref>[http://geology.com/minerals/gold/uses-of-gold.shtml The Many Uses of Gold], Geology.com, accessed December 11, 2008</ref> |
+ | |||
+ | ==See also== | ||
+ | * [[Fiat currency]] | ||
+ | * [[Inflation hedge]] | ||
+ | * [[Gold standard]] | ||
+ | * [[Silver]] | ||
+ | * [[Precious metal]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{Periodic table}} | ||
+ | [[Category:Elements]] | ||
+ | [[Category:Metals]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==References== | ||
+ | {{reflist|2}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{Economic preparedness topics}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Category:Economic Preparedness]] | ||
+ | [[Category:Investments]] | ||
+ | [[Category:Individual Retirement Accounts]] | ||
+ | [[Category:Precious Metals]] | ||
+ | [[Category:Electrical Engineering]] | ||
+ | [[Category:Electronics]] | ||
+ | [[Category:Investments in Tangibles]] | ||
+ | [[Category:Investments]] | ||
+ | [[Category:Retirement]] | ||
+ | [[Category:Survivalism]] | ||
+ | [[Category:Alternative Systems of Support]] |
Revision as of 12:46, August 25, 2019
Gold is a chemical element. Gold is in group 11, the copper group, it has 79 protons in its nucleus. It is a precious metal which has been used as currency. Gold is found in nature as nuggets or grains in rocks, underground and in deposits. It is a soft, shiny, yellow metal.
Purity
The purity of gold in a compound is measured in Karats, with 24 karats being pure gold. 18 karat gold is three quarters gold, one quarter other elements, and so forth. Gold is usually in alloys because it is soft and pliable.
Value
Due to its characteristics being both resistant to oxidisation and rarity on Earth, gold is seen as very valuable. Gold is the basis for a monetary standard used by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Gold is currently in excess of $1500 per ounce.[1]
Uses
Because gold is highly conductive and very resistant to oxidation, it is vital in electronics. Gold plating is used on switch contacts, printed circuit boards, and device leads. There is enough gold in electronic devices to make it worthwhile to process discarded devices in order to reclaim the gold in them.
World Production (2018)
Gold production by country in 2018.[2]
Rank | Country | Production (kg) | Production (%) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | China | 404.1 | 12.17 |
2 | Australia | 314.9 | 9.48 |
3 | Russian Federation | 297.3 | 8.95 |
4 | United States | 221.7 | 6.67 |
5 | Canada | 189 | 5.69 |
6 | Peru | 158.4 | 4.77 |
7 | Indonesia | 136.9 | 4.12 |
8 | Ghana | 130.5 | 3.93 |
9 | South Africa | 129.8 | 3.91 |
10 | Mexico | 115.4 | 3.47 |
11 | Brazil | 97.1 | 2.92 |
12 | Uzbekistan | 92.5 | 2.78 |
13 | Sudan | 76.6 | 2.31 |
14 | Papua New Guinea | 69.1 | 2.08 |
15 | Kazakhstan | 68.4 | 2.06 |
16 | Mali | 61.2 | 1.84 |
17 | Argentina | 60 | 1.81 |
18 | Burkina Faso | 59.3 | 1.79 |
19 | Tanzania | 47.7 | 1.44 |
20 | Dem. Rep. of the Congo | 44.9 | 1.35 |
21 | Colombia | 43 | 1.29 |
22 | Zimbabwe | 42.2 | 1.27 |
23 | Côte d'Ivoire | 40.9 | 1.23 |
24 | Philippines | 36.8 | 1.11 |
25 | Chile | 36.5 | 1.10 |
26 | Suriname | 34.3 | 1.03 |
27 | Dominican Republic | 31.6 | 0.95 |
28 | Guinea | 27.3 | 0.82 |
29 | Guyana | 25.6 | 0.77 |
30 | Turkey | 24.9 | 0.75 |
31 | Bolivia | 24.1 | 0.73 |
32 | Venezuela | 23 | 0.69 |
33 | Mongolia | 22.6 | 0.68 |
34 | Kyrgyzstan | 22.1 | 0.67 |
35 | Senegal | 17.5 | 0.53 |
36 | Egypt | 14.7 | 0.44 |
37 | Nigeria | 14 | 0.42 |
38 | Ecuador | 11.5 | 0.35 |
39 | Iran | 11 | 0.33 |
40 | Ethiopia | 11 | 0.33 |
41 | New Zealand | 9.3 | 0.28 |
42 | Finland | 8.3 | 0.25 |
43 | Sweden | 7.9 | 0.24 |
44 | Bulgaria | 6.8 | 0.20 |
Gold was one of the three Gifts of the Magi, along with frankincense and myrrh.[3]
Gold is also used in jewelry. However, the New Testament instructs Christian women not to wear gold or pearls.[4] Other uses of gold include aerospace, awards, bullion, coinage, computers, currency backing, dentistry, electronics, glassmaking, gold gilding and gold leaf and medical.[5]
See also
Periodic Table of the Elements | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |||||||
79
Au 196.97 |
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*Lanthanides | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
**Actinides | ||||||||||||||||||||||||