Difference between revisions of "Hugo Black"

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|name=Hugo Black
 
|name=Hugo Black
 
|image=HugoBlack.jpg
 
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|party=[[Democrat]]
 
|spouse=Josephine Foster (1921-1951)<br/>Elizabeth Seay DeMeritte (1957-death)
 
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{{Officeholder/Supreme Court Justice
 
{{Officeholder/Supreme Court Justice
 
|role=Associate
 
|role=Associate
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|nominator=[[Harry Truman]]
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|nominator=[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]
 
|terms=August 18, 1937 – September 17, 1971
 
|terms=August 18, 1937 – September 17, 1971
 
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|terms=March 4, 1927 – August 19, 1937
 
|terms=March 4, 1927 – August 19, 1937
 
|preceded=Oscar W. Underwood
 
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|former=(y or n)
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|status=f
 
|succeeded=Dixie B. Graves
 
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'''Hugo LaFayette Black''' (February 27, 1886 – September 25, 1971) was an Associate Justice of the [[Supreme Court of the United States]].  Appointed by [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], he served from August 19, 1937 – September 17, 1971. 
 
  
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He had previously served as a [[Democrat]] in the [[U.S. Senate]] from 1926-1937, representing the State of [[Alabama]]. Before his political career he was a member of the [[Ku Klux Klan]] in the 1920s.
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'''Hugo LaFayette Black''' (February 27, 1886 – September 25, 1971) was an Associate Justice of the [[Supreme Court of the United States]].  Appointed by [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], he served from August 19, 1937 – September 17, 1971.
 +
 
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==Early career== 
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Before his political career he was a member of the [[Ku Klux Klan]] in the 1920s. In 1921 Black successfully defended E. R. Stephenson in his trial for the murder of a [[Catholic]] [[priest]], Fr. James E. Coyle.<ref>Garrison, Greg (August 10, 2018). [https://www.al.com/living/2018/08/killing_of_birmingham_priest_i.html Killing of Birmingham priest in 1921 remembered at cathedral]. ''al.org''. Retrieved May 27, 2021.</ref>
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==U.S. Senate==
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[[File:Hugo black kkk.jpeg|left|295px|thumb|]]
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He had previously served as a [[Democrat]] in the [[U.S. Senate]] from 1927–1937, winning the 1926 election<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=3406 AL US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1926]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved May 27, 2021.</ref> and re-election in 1932.<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=3405 AL US Senate Race - Nov 08, 1932]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved May 27, 2021.</ref> Black built his winning Senate campaign around multiple appearances at KKK meetings.
 +
 
 +
Black was an adamant supporter of President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] and his liberal [[New Deal]] programs, having drafted the [[Fair Labor Standards Act]] of 1938. Even prior to Roosevelt's tenure, Black advocated establishing a [[minimum wage]]. He supported Roosevelt's 1937 scheme to [[court packing|pack the court]], which ultimately failed due to bipartisan backlash.
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Black opposed [[anti-lynching legislation]].<ref>[https://fascinatingpolitics.com/2018/09/30/the-controversy-of-justice-hugo-black/ The Controversy of Justice Hugo Black]. ''fascinatingpolitics.com''. Retrieved May 27, 2021.</ref> He filibustered them<ref>Morgan, Thad (October 10, 2018). [https://www.history.com/news/kkk-supreme-court-hugo-black-fdr How an Ex-KKK Member Made His Way Onto the U.S. Supreme Court]. ''history.com''. Retrieved May 27, 2021.</ref> and voted twice in 1937 to kill the [[Royal Copeland|Copeland]] [[rider]] amendments.<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/75-1/s43 TO TABLE AN AMENDMENT TO S. 69, THE INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACT. THE AMEND. OFFERED BY SENATOR COPELAND WHICH WOULD HAVE ADDED HOUSE BILL 1507, THE ANTILYNCHING BILL, TO S. 69, A BILL LIMITING THE SIZE OF TRAINS IN INTERSTATE COMMERCE.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved May 27, 2021.</ref><ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/75-1/s58 TO TABLE AN AMENDMENT TO S. 2475. OFFERED BY SENATOR COPELAND WHICH WOULD HAVE ADDED THE ANTILYNCHING BILL AS PERFECTED BY THE SENATE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY TO THE PENDING LEGISLATION.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved May 27, 2021.</ref>
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==Supreme Court==
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Black was nominated by Roosevelt to the [[United States Supreme Court]] in August 1937. Civil rights groups including the [[NAACP]] demanded answers on his KKK membership. A month after being confirmed by the Senate, it was ''then'' confirmed by the ''Pittsburg Post-Gazette'' that he had been a member of the Klan. He refused to resign despite a national uproar which included hundreds protesting against him. He responded to these calls for resignation on October 1, 1937 in a radio address where he admitted to being a [[liberal]].<ref>
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https://youtu.be/p7BaRRPh428</ref>
  
 
As a [[Supreme Court]] Justice, Black was completely opposed to:
 
As a [[Supreme Court]] Justice, Black was completely opposed to:
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*[[school prayer]]
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*religion in public life
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*[[patent]] rights
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*any limitations on [[pornography]]
  
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* school prayer
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Justice Black was the leading proponent of [[incorporation doctrine]], and often insisted on a literalist interpretation of the [[Bill of Rights]], and he dissented from ''[[Griswold v. Connecticut]]''.
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* religion in public life
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* [[patent]] rights
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* any limitations on pornography
+
  
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Justice Black was the leading proponent of [[incorporation doctrine]].
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Black was well known for his anti-Catholic viewpoints,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=WX2LcraS1EgC&pg=PA219 The Oxford Handbook of Church and State in the United States]</ref> and was profoundly influenced by the writings of [[Paul Blanshard]], a [[socialist]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=orksGKX8a64C&pg=PA521 Hugo Black: A Biography]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=e4YUCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA225 Thomas Jefferson and the Wall of Separation Between Church and State]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=86628a9v-moC&pg=PA224 Witnessing Their Faith: Religious Influence on Supreme Court Justices and Their Opinions]</ref> In ''Korematsu v. the United States'',  Black voted to uphold [[President Roosevelt]]'s mass arrests and incarceration of [[Japanese]] men, women, and children based on [[race]].
  
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Black often insisted on a literalist interpretation of the [[Bill of Rights]], and he dissented from ''[[Griswold v. Connecticut]]''.
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==See also==
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*[[U.S. "Party-switch" myth]]
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==References==
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{{reflist}}
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==External links==
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*[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hugo-L-Black Biography] at ''Britannica
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*[http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/h-1848 Biography] at ''Encyclopedia of Alabama
  
 
{{Supreme Court|hughes=y|stone=y|vinson=y|warren=y|burger=y}}
 
{{Supreme Court|hughes=y|stone=y|vinson=y|warren=y|burger=y}}
  
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Black, Hugo}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Black, Hugo}}
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[[Category:Alabama]]
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[[Category:Democratic Party]]
 
[[Category:United States Supreme Court Justices]]
 
[[Category:United States Supreme Court Justices]]
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[[Category:Judicial activism]]
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[[Category:Judicial Activism]]
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[[Category:Racists]]
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[[Category:New Deal]]
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[[Category:Bigotry]]
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[[Category:Liberals]]
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[[Category:Leftists]]
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[[Category:KKK Members]]
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[[Category:New Deal]]
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{{liberalism}}
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[[Category:1930s]]

Revision as of 21:27, October 6, 2021

Hugo Black
HugoBlack.jpg
Former Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court
From: August 18, 1937 – September 17, 1971
Nominator Franklin D. Roosevelt
Predecessor Willis Van Devanter
Successor Lewis Powell
Former U.S. Senator from Alabama
From: March 4, 1927 – August 19, 1937
Predecessor Oscar W. Underwood
Successor Dixie B. Graves
Information
Party Democrat
Spouse(s) Josephine Foster (1921-1951)
Elizabeth Seay DeMeritte (1957-death)

Hugo LaFayette Black (February 27, 1886 – September 25, 1971) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt, he served from August 19, 1937 – September 17, 1971.

Early career

Before his political career he was a member of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s. In 1921 Black successfully defended E. R. Stephenson in his trial for the murder of a Catholic priest, Fr. James E. Coyle.[1]

U.S. Senate

Hugo black kkk.jpeg

He had previously served as a Democrat in the U.S. Senate from 1927–1937, winning the 1926 election[2] and re-election in 1932.[3] Black built his winning Senate campaign around multiple appearances at KKK meetings.

Black was an adamant supporter of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his liberal New Deal programs, having drafted the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. Even prior to Roosevelt's tenure, Black advocated establishing a minimum wage. He supported Roosevelt's 1937 scheme to pack the court, which ultimately failed due to bipartisan backlash.

Black opposed anti-lynching legislation.[4] He filibustered them[5] and voted twice in 1937 to kill the Copeland rider amendments.[6][7]

Supreme Court

Black was nominated by Roosevelt to the United States Supreme Court in August 1937. Civil rights groups including the NAACP demanded answers on his KKK membership. A month after being confirmed by the Senate, it was then confirmed by the Pittsburg Post-Gazette that he had been a member of the Klan. He refused to resign despite a national uproar which included hundreds protesting against him. He responded to these calls for resignation on October 1, 1937 in a radio address where he admitted to being a liberal.[8]

As a Supreme Court Justice, Black was completely opposed to:

Justice Black was the leading proponent of incorporation doctrine, and often insisted on a literalist interpretation of the Bill of Rights, and he dissented from Griswold v. Connecticut.

Black was well known for his anti-Catholic viewpoints,[9] and was profoundly influenced by the writings of Paul Blanshard, a socialist.[10][11][12] In Korematsu v. the United States, Black voted to uphold President Roosevelt's mass arrests and incarceration of Japanese men, women, and children based on race.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Garrison, Greg (August 10, 2018). Killing of Birmingham priest in 1921 remembered at cathedral. al.org. Retrieved May 27, 2021.
  2. ↑ AL US Senate Race - Nov 03, 1926. Our Campaigns. Retrieved May 27, 2021.
  3. ↑ AL US Senate Race - Nov 08, 1932. Our Campaigns. Retrieved May 27, 2021.
  4. ↑ The Controversy of Justice Hugo Black. fascinatingpolitics.com. Retrieved May 27, 2021.
  5. ↑ Morgan, Thad (October 10, 2018). How an Ex-KKK Member Made His Way Onto the U.S. Supreme Court. history.com. Retrieved May 27, 2021.
  6. ↑ TO TABLE AN AMENDMENT TO S. 69, THE INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACT. THE AMEND. OFFERED BY SENATOR COPELAND WHICH WOULD HAVE ADDED HOUSE BILL 1507, THE ANTILYNCHING BILL, TO S. 69, A BILL LIMITING THE SIZE OF TRAINS IN INTERSTATE COMMERCE.. GovTrack.us. Retrieved May 27, 2021.
  7. ↑ TO TABLE AN AMENDMENT TO S. 2475. OFFERED BY SENATOR COPELAND WHICH WOULD HAVE ADDED THE ANTILYNCHING BILL AS PERFECTED BY THE SENATE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY TO THE PENDING LEGISLATION.. GovTrack.us. Retrieved May 27, 2021.
  8. ↑ https://youtu.be/p7BaRRPh428
  9. ↑ The Oxford Handbook of Church and State in the United States
  10. ↑ Hugo Black: A Biography
  11. ↑ Thomas Jefferson and the Wall of Separation Between Church and State
  12. ↑ Witnessing Their Faith: Religious Influence on Supreme Court Justices and Their Opinions

External links

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