Difference between revisions of "Jehovah"

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'''Jehovah''' is a personal name of [[God]] used four times in the [[King James Version]]. It is transliterated from the standard Hebrew text of the Old Testament, or Masoretic version. Modern scholars have concluded that the Masorites intentionally misspelled this word to prevent God's name from being pronounced accidentally. Pre-Masoretic manuscripts represent this word, called the Tetragrammaton, using four consonants: יהוה (read right to left). The exact pronunciation is not known, but "Yahweh" is conventional.  
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'''Jehovah''' is a personal name of [[God]] used in the [[King James Version]]. It is an attempt to transliterate the [[tetragrammaton]] used in the Hebrew text of the Old Testament. In the modern Hebrew, or Masoretic, text this word is given as ''Yĕhovah''. Medieval Jewish scholars inserted incorrect vowels into an ancient consonant-only text to prevent God's true name from being pronounced accidentally. The original pronunciation of the tetragrammaton is not known, but "[[Yahweh]]" is conventional among modern scholars.
  
==Usage in the King James Version==
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==Tetragrammaton==
In the King James Version, there are four example of the name Jehovah:
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Until the destruction of the [[Second Temple]], the divine name was pronounced by a high priest on Yom Kippur. Later on, the rabbis substituted ''adonai'' (sovereign lord) or ''elohim'' (God) to avoid accidentally profaning the divine name. The pronunciation "Jehovah" comes from inserting the Hebrew vowels of the word ''adonai'' into a Latinized tetragrammaton (JHVH). It bears little resemblance to the divine name as it was originally pronounced.
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==Translations==
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There are over six thousand examples of the tetragrammaton in scripture. English-language translations typically use an all-caps "LORD" or "GOD" to indicate where it occurs.
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===Early translations===
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The [[Vulgate]], the Latin translation of the Bible used in the West used until the Reformation, gives the tetragrammaton as ''Dominus'' (lord). In [[William Tyndale]]'s 1530 English translation of the Bible, the divine name is given as "Iehovah" in Exodus 6:3. The [[Geneva Bible]] of 1560, used by Shakespeare and by the Puritans, uses "JEHOVAH" as the name of God in Exodus 6:3 and in Psalms 83:18. It also gives the word as a place name in Genesis 22:14 and Exodus 17:15.
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===King James Version===
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In four cases, the KJV gives the divine name as "JEHOVAH":
 
*"And I appeared unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, by the name of God Almighty, but by my name JEHOVAH was I not known to them." (Exodus 6:3)
 
*"And I appeared unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, by the name of God Almighty, but by my name JEHOVAH was I not known to them." (Exodus 6:3)
 
*"That men may know that thou, whose name alone is JEHOVAH, art the most high over all the earth." (Psalms 83:18)
 
*"That men may know that thou, whose name alone is JEHOVAH, art the most high over all the earth." (Psalms 83:18)
 
*"Behold, God is my salvation; I will trust, and not be afraid: for the LORD JEHOVAH is my strength and my song; he also is become my salvation." (Isaiah 12:2)
 
*"Behold, God is my salvation; I will trust, and not be afraid: for the LORD JEHOVAH is my strength and my song; he also is become my salvation." (Isaiah 12:2)
*Trust ye in the LORD for ever: for in the LORD JEHOVAH is everlasting strength" (Isaiah 26:4)
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*Trust ye in the LORD for ever: for in the LORD JEHOVAH is everlasting strength." (Isaiah 26:4)
  
==Tetragrammaton==
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===Modern translations===
In most Bible translations, the titles [[GOD]] or LORD (note both are in all capitals) are used whenever the divine name appears in the original Hebrew text.
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The name "Jehovah" is not used by major modern translations, including the Revised Standard Version (1952), the New International Version (1978), the English Standard Version (2001), or the Christian Standard Bible (2017). In a footnote, CSB explains that the divine name is "Yahweh." The other translations do not explain that God is revealing his divine name to Moses in Exodus 6:3.
 
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The Divine Name appears over 6,800 times in the Hebrew-Aramaic portion of the Holy Scriptures, but until the destruction of the [[Second Temple]] it was only pronounced by the Jewish high priest on Yom Kippur. Over time, the practice of substituting "Adonai" (Sovereign Lord) or "Elohim" (God) to avoid accidentally profaning the Name became Rabbinic tradition, and the name's true pronunciation was lost. The pronunciation "Jehovah" comes from inserting the Hebrew vowels of the word "Adonai" into the Latinized tetragrammaton ("JHVH") and likely bears little resemblance to how the Name was originally pronounced, although to consider this theory, we would also have to reconsider the pronunciation of Jesus, Jeremiah, Jehu, Jehoram, Joshua, and many other people and place names, to make sure that these names sounded closer to the original.
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==Meaning==
 
==Meaning==
 
 
Rooted in the imperfect state of the causative form of the Hebrew verb הוה (''ha•wah'', "to become"), the Divine Name indicates progressive action.  This can be seen by the context of Exodus 3:14, 15.  Moses inquires who he said say has sent him to the captive Israelites.  Where some translations render God's response as, "I am who I am" (King James), other translations show the dynamic nature of the Divine Name by rendering the Hebrew text as "I Will Be What I Will Be" (The Torah) or "I Shall Prove To Be What I Shall Prove To Be" (New World Translation) indicating that rather than a simple statement acknowledging His existence, He indicates that He can do whatever is necessary to accomplish His purposes.
 
Rooted in the imperfect state of the causative form of the Hebrew verb הוה (''ha•wah'', "to become"), the Divine Name indicates progressive action.  This can be seen by the context of Exodus 3:14, 15.  Moses inquires who he said say has sent him to the captive Israelites.  Where some translations render God's response as, "I am who I am" (King James), other translations show the dynamic nature of the Divine Name by rendering the Hebrew text as "I Will Be What I Will Be" (The Torah) or "I Shall Prove To Be What I Shall Prove To Be" (New World Translation) indicating that rather than a simple statement acknowledging His existence, He indicates that He can do whatever is necessary to accomplish His purposes.
  
 
==Origins==
 
==Origins==
 
 
Originally Biblical Hebrew was written without vowels, the reader having been educated to know the appropriate vowels to insert when reading.  As the proper pronunciation of Hebrew was being lost through lack of fluency a group of Hebrew copyists, the [[Masoretes]] invented signs to be placed around consonants to indicate accents and proper pronunciation of vowels.
 
Originally Biblical Hebrew was written without vowels, the reader having been educated to know the appropriate vowels to insert when reading.  As the proper pronunciation of Hebrew was being lost through lack of fluency a group of Hebrew copyists, the [[Masoretes]] invented signs to be placed around consonants to indicate accents and proper pronunciation of vowels.
  
 
When it came to copying the Divine Name, the Masoretes provided vowel points for יהוה so that it now appeared as יְהוָה, following the accepted tradition of using "Adonai" (Sovereign Lord) or "Elohim" (God) in place of the Divine Name.
 
When it came to copying the Divine Name, the Masoretes provided vowel points for יהוה so that it now appeared as יְהוָה, following the accepted tradition of using "Adonai" (Sovereign Lord) or "Elohim" (God) in place of the Divine Name.
  
According to the [[Catholic Encyclopedia]], some scholars hold Jehovah dates only from the year 1520. However, writers of the sixteenth century, regardless of religious background, were familiar with the word.  The name has been found as early as the 13th century in the "Pugio fidei" of Raymund Martin, a work written about 1270 (ed. Paris, 1651, pt. III, dist. ii, cap. iii, p. 448, and Note, p. 745).
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According to the ''[[Catholic Encyclopedia]]'', some scholars hold Jehovah dates only from the year 1520. However, writers of the sixteenth century, regardless of religious background, were familiar with the word.  The name has been found as early as the 13th century in the "Pugio fidei" of Raymund Martin, a work written about 1270 (ed. Paris, 1651, pt. III, dist. ii, cap. iii, p. 448, and Note, p. 745).
  
 
With the publication of the [[King James Bible|King James]] or Authorized Version of the Bible in 1611 AD, the name Jehovah would become widely known; it appears at [[Book of Exodus|Exodus]] 6:3; Psalm 83:18; [[Book of Isaiah|Isaiah]] 12:2; 26:4.
 
With the publication of the [[King James Bible|King James]] or Authorized Version of the Bible in 1611 AD, the name Jehovah would become widely known; it appears at [[Book of Exodus|Exodus]] 6:3; Psalm 83:18; [[Book of Isaiah|Isaiah]] 12:2; 26:4.
 
==Translations Featuring==
 
 
The following translations use Jehovah, either directly or in references:
 
 
* The King James Bible (1611)
 
* The Living Bible (Tyndale House Publishers, 1971)
 
* The Bible In Living English (translated by Steven T. Byington, published by Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, 1972)
 
* The Oxford Annotated Bible - Revised Standard Version (Oxford University Press, 1962)
 
* American Standard Version (International Council of Religious Education, 1929)
 
* The New American Bible - Michaelangelo Edition (Catholic Press, 1970)
 
* The New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures (Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, 1984)
 
* Young's Literal Translation
 
* Darby's Translation
 
 
*'''Psalm 83:18'''
 
** That men may know that thou, whose name alone is JEHOVAH, art the most high over all the earth. (King James Version)
 
** And they know that Thou -- (Thy name [is] Jehovah—by Thyself,) [Art] the Most High over all the earth!  (Young’s Literal Translation)
 
** That they may know that thou alone, whose name is Jehovah, art the Most High over all the earth. (Darby Translation)
 
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
  
* Catholic Encyclopedia (1917 edition) - [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08329a.htm]
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*''[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08329a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia]'', 1917.
* The Divine Name That Will Endure Forever (1984) - [http://www.watchtower.org/e/na/index.htm?article=article_03.htm]
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*''[http://www.watchtower.org/e/na/index.htm?article=article_03.htm The Divine Name That Will Endure Forever]'', 1984.
*Angel Fire ''Yahweh'' [http://www.angelfire.com/ok3/chester/imagedir/yahweh.htm],[http://www.angelfire.com/ok3/chester/imagedir/bibleinfo.htm]
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*Angel Fire, "[http://www.angelfire.com/ok3/chester/imagedir/yahweh.htm Yahweh]."
*Encyclopaedia Judaica ''Names of God'' [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=52&letter=N]
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*''Encyclopaedia Judaica'', "[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=52&letter=N Names of God]."
 
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'''External Links:'''
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* Bible Online – [http://bibleresources.bible.com]
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*Hebrew-English Interlinear [http://www.scripture4all.org/OnlineInterlinear/Hebrew_Index.htm]
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==Note  **According to Hebrew Scholar, and translator from original Hebrew, Nehemia Gordon, the vowels have been found in the ancient Codex. The vowels were found twice. He stated that he found them when he was working to check translations on Sept 11, 2001.   "Yehovah" is the Hebrew pronunciation. The reason for the Tetragrammaton was used instead of the full name because the Jews who used the full name were killed.  However, the rabbis did know the vowels and kept them in secret among themselves. This is the same scroll that is used to make the majority of the Old Testament Bibles.
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==External Links==
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*[http://bibleresources.bible.com Bible Online]
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*[http://www.scripture4all.org/OnlineInterlinear/Hebrew_Index.htm Hebrew-English Interlinear]
  
 
[[Category:Bible]]
 
[[Category:Bible]]

Revision as of 02:00, September 26, 2020

Jehovah is a personal name of God used in the King James Version. It is an attempt to transliterate the tetragrammaton used in the Hebrew text of the Old Testament. In the modern Hebrew, or Masoretic, text this word is given as Yĕhovah. Medieval Jewish scholars inserted incorrect vowels into an ancient consonant-only text to prevent God's true name from being pronounced accidentally. The original pronunciation of the tetragrammaton is not known, but "Yahweh" is conventional among modern scholars.

Tetragrammaton

Until the destruction of the Second Temple, the divine name was pronounced by a high priest on Yom Kippur. Later on, the rabbis substituted adonai (sovereign lord) or elohim (God) to avoid accidentally profaning the divine name. The pronunciation "Jehovah" comes from inserting the Hebrew vowels of the word adonai into a Latinized tetragrammaton (JHVH). It bears little resemblance to the divine name as it was originally pronounced.

Translations

There are over six thousand examples of the tetragrammaton in scripture. English-language translations typically use an all-caps "LORD" or "GOD" to indicate where it occurs.

Early translations

The Vulgate, the Latin translation of the Bible used in the West used until the Reformation, gives the tetragrammaton as Dominus (lord). In William Tyndale's 1530 English translation of the Bible, the divine name is given as "Iehovah" in Exodus 6:3. The Geneva Bible of 1560, used by Shakespeare and by the Puritans, uses "JEHOVAH" as the name of God in Exodus 6:3 and in Psalms 83:18. It also gives the word as a place name in Genesis 22:14 and Exodus 17:15.

King James Version

In four cases, the KJV gives the divine name as "JEHOVAH":

  • "And I appeared unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, by the name of God Almighty, but by my name JEHOVAH was I not known to them." (Exodus 6:3)
  • "That men may know that thou, whose name alone is JEHOVAH, art the most high over all the earth." (Psalms 83:18)
  • "Behold, God is my salvation; I will trust, and not be afraid: for the LORD JEHOVAH is my strength and my song; he also is become my salvation." (Isaiah 12:2)
  • Trust ye in the LORD for ever: for in the LORD JEHOVAH is everlasting strength." (Isaiah 26:4)

Modern translations

The name "Jehovah" is not used by major modern translations, including the Revised Standard Version (1952), the New International Version (1978), the English Standard Version (2001), or the Christian Standard Bible (2017). In a footnote, CSB explains that the divine name is "Yahweh." The other translations do not explain that God is revealing his divine name to Moses in Exodus 6:3.

Meaning

Rooted in the imperfect state of the causative form of the Hebrew verb הוה (ha•wah, "to become"), the Divine Name indicates progressive action. This can be seen by the context of Exodus 3:14, 15. Moses inquires who he said say has sent him to the captive Israelites. Where some translations render God's response as, "I am who I am" (King James), other translations show the dynamic nature of the Divine Name by rendering the Hebrew text as "I Will Be What I Will Be" (The Torah) or "I Shall Prove To Be What I Shall Prove To Be" (New World Translation) indicating that rather than a simple statement acknowledging His existence, He indicates that He can do whatever is necessary to accomplish His purposes.

Origins

Originally Biblical Hebrew was written without vowels, the reader having been educated to know the appropriate vowels to insert when reading. As the proper pronunciation of Hebrew was being lost through lack of fluency a group of Hebrew copyists, the Masoretes invented signs to be placed around consonants to indicate accents and proper pronunciation of vowels.

When it came to copying the Divine Name, the Masoretes provided vowel points for יהוה so that it now appeared as יְהוָה, following the accepted tradition of using "Adonai" (Sovereign Lord) or "Elohim" (God) in place of the Divine Name.

According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, some scholars hold Jehovah dates only from the year 1520. However, writers of the sixteenth century, regardless of religious background, were familiar with the word. The name has been found as early as the 13th century in the "Pugio fidei" of Raymund Martin, a work written about 1270 (ed. Paris, 1651, pt. III, dist. ii, cap. iii, p. 448, and Note, p. 745).

With the publication of the King James or Authorized Version of the Bible in 1611 AD, the name Jehovah would become widely known; it appears at Exodus 6:3; Psalm 83:18; Isaiah 12:2; 26:4.

References

External Links