Difference between revisions of "Left-wing antisemitism"

Revision as of 23:49, March 8, 2019

Although many leftists try to deny it, “modern, political anti-Semitism is a creature of the left as well as the right,” admits Warwick University Sociology Professor Robert Fine, a member of the Conference of Socialist Economists.^[1] "[A]nti-Semitism that we might call populist or democratic.... is linked equally to the left and right," agrees George L. Mosse, professor of history at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, "to the new nationalism, but also to certain tendencies in socialism."^[2] Omer Bartov of Brown University comments:

In the 1970s and 80s, during the heart of the Cold War debate, anti-Americanism, anti-Israeli sentiment, and anti-Semitism "were fringe phenomena while now they are more fashionable and mainstream ... [T]hese sentiments are no longer the monopoly of any particular part of the political spectrum. They are there on the European Left, Right, and in the center," agrees Jeffrey Gedman, president of London's Legatum Institute.^[4]

Origins of left-wing anti-Semitism

There were "strong anti-Semitic currents on the European left in Marx's time," writes Fine; "[T]here is a strong tradition of anti-Semitism on the Left.”^[5] One "need not venture far into the pre-1930 literature of anti-economics before encountering conspicuous anti-Semitic effusions," observes William Coleman of the Australian National University. "One may say that, before about 1930, anti-economics and anti-Semitism existed in striking conjunction." He adds that "the conjunction was not accidental... [A]nti-economics and modern anti-Semitism shared some leading ideological contentions."^[6]

From the outset, according to French historian Marc Crapez, European racism and socialism were closely affiliated.^[7] In addition, "anti-capitalism and anti-Semitism were deeply intertwined," writes Mosse. "[I]n fact, they had been connected since the middle-ages."^[8] "For centuries, Jewish economic success led anti-Semites to condemn capitalism as a form of Jewish domination and exploitation," writes Columbia University history professor Jerry Z. Muller, "or to attribute Jewish success to unsavory qualities of the Jews themselves."^[9]

“The Marxist, postmodern and post-Zionist pseudo-liberal views on democracy lead back to the totalitarian democracy of the French Enlightenment, in which anti-Semitism formed an essential ingredient,” writes Shlomo Sharan of Tel Aviv University.^[10] At that time, "the Jews symbolised the distressing symptoms of modernity ushered in by capitalism and political liberalism," writes Christian Wiese, professor of Jewish history at the University of Sussex.^[11]

“[T]he sudden prominence of a few Jews who benefited from economic liberalisation provoked a backlash from the Left.”^[13] In France, writes Göttingen historian Karlheinz Weissmann, many on the left saw the Jews "as the embodiment of capitalism."^[14]

Some of the most prominent thinkers of the Enlightenment were virulent anti-Semites: Voltaire denounced the Jews as "the greatest scoundrels who have ever sullied the face of the globe".^[15] The Jews, he wrote, "deserve to be punished," for it is their "destiny."^[16] "The Jewish nation dares to display an irreconcilable hatred toward all nations, and revolts against all masters," wrote Voltaire, "always superstitious, always greedy for the well-being enjoyed by others, always barbarous—cringing in misfortune and insolent in prosperity."^[17] Immanuel Kant expressed similar views: "'The Jews still cannot claim any true genius, any truly great man. All their talents and skills revolve around stratagems and low cunning ... They are a nation of swindlers."^[18]

Early Socialist Anti-Semitism

"It was in those days that the complaint arose that Jews were 'unproductive middle men,' 'economic parasites,'" wrote Edward H. Flannery, a professor at the Institute of Judeo-Christian Studies at Seton Hall University.^[19] "It was shaped for the most part by socialist writers and became a favorite theme with later racist antisemites of a socialist stripe."^[20] "Certain anti-economists affiliated with the socialist movement held Jews to be potentates of an oppressive contemporary social order."^[21] Among the French Left, observes Weissmann, were "numerous individuals and groups who considered class struggle and race struggle as one and the same thing—especially with reference to the Jews...."^[22]

“Socialist anti-Semitism is indeed almost as old as modern Socialism,” writes historian Edmund Silberner of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.^[23] Early socialism was inseparable from anti-Semitism, portraying Jews as exploiters, leeches and parasites.^[24] "[V]irtually every major figure in the early history of socialism — including Friedrich Engels, Charles Fourier, Ferdinand Lassalle, Marx, and Joseph Proudhon — showed a marked antipathy to Jews," observes Daniel Pipes.^[25] In his comprehensive survey of French socialist literature from 1820 to 1920, historian Zosa Szajkowski found not a single word on behalf of Jews.^[26]

Leroux

Pierre Leroux (1797–1871), who coined the word "socialism", “identified the Jews with the despised capitalism, and regarded them as the incarnation of mammon, who lived by exploiting others.”^[27] He said, "When we speak of the Jews, we mean the Jewish spirit – the spirit of profit, of lucre, of gain, the spirit of commerce, of speculation, in a word, the banker spirit."^[28] "The true successor of Napoleon," wrote Leroux, "is the Jew."^[29]

Fichte

"[T]hrough almost all countries of Europe there is spreading a powerful, hostile state, which is perpetually at war with all other States, and which in some of them oppresses the citizens with the utmost severity: it is Jewry."^[30] wrote the early socialist Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762–1814). "I see no other means of protecting ourselves against them, than by conquering their Promised Land and sending them all there."^[31] Elsewhere, he suggested a more radical solution, in which Gentiles "chop off all their [Jews'] heads and replace them with new ones, in which there would not be a single Jewish idea."^[32] In Fichte's text "we see the beginnings of the 'anticapitalist' impulse in modern antisemitism, which became central to revolutionist agendas for the redemption of humanity through the regeneration of Jewry," observes Guggenheim Fellow Anthony J. LaVopa.^[33] Duquesne University professor Tom Rockmore comments that "available evidence points strongly to an early and perhaps enduring Marxian interest in Fichte's position."^[34]

Fourier

Early socialist Charles Fourier (1768–1830) attacked (classical) "liberal retrogression" (i.e., laissez faire capitalism) for what he called "monstrous actions, such as the admission of the Jews to the rights of citizens" which, he wrote, introduce into society "parasites, unproductives." He added, "The Jewish nation is not civilised ... it devotes itself exclusively to traffic, to usury, and to mercantile depravity ... Every government having regard to good morals ought to repress the Jews," whom Fourier described as "all parasites, merchants, usurers, etc."^[35] Fourier's disciple, Alphonse Toussenel, called Jews "the kings of the epoch," writing that "Europe is entailed to the domination of Israel. This universal domination, of which so many conquerors have dreamed, the Jews have in their hands."^[36] "[I]ndustrial feudalism"—as Toussenel called capitalism—"is personified in the cosmopolitan Jew."^[37]

Dühring

Marx's mentor Bruno Bauer published antisemitic articles by Marx's intellectual rival in the German Social Democratic Party, Eugen Dühring, "describing Jews as idle usurers exploiting productive labor."^[38]

Proudhon

Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809–1865), one of the leading socialist theorists of his day (and a correspondent of Marx), as well as one of the founders of the anarchist movement, called Jews “the race which poisons everything” and “the enemy of the human race”;^[39] "The Jew is by temperament an anti-producer, neither a farmer nor an industrialist nor even a true merchant," wrote Prodhon. "He is an intermediary, always fraudulent and parasitic, who operates, in trade as in philosophy, by means of falsification, counterfeiting, and horse-trading."^[40] He wrote, "This race must be sent back to Asia, or exterminated."^[41] "By fire or fusion, or by expulsion the Jew must disappear."^[42]

Bakhunin

Mikhail Bakunin, Marx's intellectual rival in the First International, called Jews “an exploiting sect, a bloodsucking people, a unique devouring parasite,”^[43] Jews, he wrote, are disqualified from socialist leadership by "that mercantile passion which constitutes one of the principle traits of their national character."^[44]

L'Affaire Dreyfus/"J'Accuse"

When the bourgeois^[45] Victor Hugo, a cultural Catholic,^[46] defended Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish officer scapegoated by the French army, the French socialist press published a manifesto denouncing Hugo's crusade on the grounds that Jewish capitalists would use the rehabilitation of a single Jew to wash out "all the sins of Israel."^[47]

Hyndman

Henry Hyndman, founder of Britain's atheistic, Marxist Social Democratic Federation (Britain's first socialist party) and National Socialist Party (now part of the Labour Party), "repeatedly invoked the stereotype of the 'rich capitalist Jew' in his anti-semitic remarks."^[48] "Jew moneylenders," complained Hyndman's Justice, Organ of the Social Democracy (the first Marxist periodical in England),^[49] "now control nearly every Foreign Office in Europe."^[50] He blamed the Boer war on "Jew financial cliques" and the "Jew-jingo press."^[51]

Sombart

Werner Sombart, a German economist, sociologist and self-proclaimed "convinced Marxist"^[52] – praised by Friedrich Engels as the only German professor who understood Das Kapital^[53] – wrote that "modern capitalism is nothing more or less than an expression of the Jewish spirit."^[54] According to the Universal Jewish Encyclopaedia, Sombart "accused the Jews of having created capitalism" – as should perhaps be expected of a "convinced Marxist" (Marx viewed Jews as "responsible for capitalism," according to Princeton's Bernard Lewis.)^[55]

Dreiser

Theodore Dreiser, an atheist^[56] as well as a Communist,"^[57] was also a virulent anti-Semite^[58] and defender of Hitler.^[59] New York is a "kike's dream of a ghetto," he wrote; Jews are not "pure Americans" and "lack integrity."^[60]

Organizations

Perhaps more important than the widespread anti-Semitism among socialist leaders was the anti-semitism of socialist groups such as the Socialist International and the Fabian Society.

Second International

After reference to the exploitation of workers by Jewish capitalists and denunciation of "philo-Semitic agitation," the Second International (the original Socialist International) adopted a resolution condemning not just antisemitic, but "philo-Semite outbursts as one of the means by which the capitalist class and the reactionary circles seek to divert the Socialist movement from its purpose and divide the workers."^[61]

Fabian Society

Britain's Fabian Society (which "set up the banner of socialism militant")^[62] hosted a number of anti-Semites, including Beatrice Webb, George Bernard Shaw, H.G. Wells, J.A. Hobson, and Oswald Mosley.

Beatrice Webb, who played a crucial role in the founding of the Fabian Society, wrote that “the strongest impelling motive of the Jewish race” was “the love of profit as distinct from other forms of money-earning.” (Italics in original.)^[63] "A careful study of anti-Semitism, prejudice and accusations might be of great value to many Jews," wrote H.G. Wells, "who do not adequately realize the irritation they inflict."^[64] George Bernard Shaw once exhorted Jews to "stop being Jews and start being human beings."^[65]

J.A. Hobson blamed London poverty on "the foreign Jew," whom he described as "a terrible competitor. He is ... almost void of social morality. No compunction or consideration for his fellow-worker will keep him from underselling and overreaching them; he acquires a thorough mastery of all the dishonourable tricks of trade which are difficult to restrain by law; the superior calculating intellect, which is a national heritage, is used unsparingly to enable him to take advantage of every weakness, folly, and vice of the society in which he lives."^[66] "He craves the position of a sweating-master, the lowest step in a ladder that may lead to a life of magnificence, supported out of usury."^[67] In his 1898 book Imperialism: A Study—which would profoundly influence Lenin's Imperialism, the Higherst Stage of Capitalism (1917) -- Hobson blamed the Boer War on "Jew power."^[68] That war, he wrote, was fought for the benefit of "a small group of international financiers, chiefly German in origin and Jewish in race."^[69]

One Fabian socialist from the 1920s and '30s, Oswald Mosley,^[70] went on to found and lead the British Union of Fascists (which "at first was modeled after Mussolini’s example but later became patterned after Hitler"),^[71] in which role he was lauded by Shaw.^[72]

Anti-capitalist anti-semitism in Germany

During the 19th century, the center of left-wing anti-Semitism gradually shifted from Paris to Vienna, where the "radical-democratic and nationalist left wing" was headed by German Liberal Party leader Georg von Schönerer,^[73] one of a group of "left-wing German liberals" who demanded "the exclusion of Jews from the new movement and as far as possible from public life";^[74] Hitler would later ascribe to Schönerer "the wisdom of a prophet."^[75] Wilhelm Marr, who coined the term "antisemitism," wrote that "anti-Semitism is a Socialist movement, only in nobler and purer forms than Social Democracy."^[76] In late 19th century Germany, a popular critical view held that capitalism was a product of Jewish culture.^[77] Adolf Stöcker, leader of the left-wing Christian Social Party, wrote, "I see in unrestrained capitalism the evil of our epoch and am naturally also an opponent of modern Judaism on account of my socio-political views."^[78] Meanwhile, anti-capitalist leader Adam Müller said, “The Jewish messiah, the Antichrist, has come to earth in the guise of the steam engine, and this in order to speed up the end of the world.”^[79] "The doctrine of egalitarian free economics and of corresponding human rights in economics, as they were formulated in a humanely well-meaning way by the Scotsmen Hume and Smith, were used by the Jews in order to derive from them their monopoly," according to the anti-semitic Die Judenfrage.^[80] According to Tyler Cowen, professor of economics at George Mason University:

20th century: Stalinist anti-Semitism

According to Henry L. Feingold, director of the Jewish Resource Center at Baruch College, "socialism contained the seeds to become the anti-Semitism of the intellectuals of the Left."^[82] In the 20th century, those seeds took root and grew into a forest bearing poisonous fruit. For example, in the former Soviet Union, even after the death of the anti-Semite Stalin,^[83] Soviet anti-Semitism persisted:

According to Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal, during the Six Day War on Israel in 1967, the East German Communist regime employed former Nazi propagandists to write anti-Israeli propaganda, with the substitution of a few words such as “Israeli” for “Jew” and “progressive forces” for “National Socialism.”^[85]

On a similar note, Stalin before his death enacted the Doctor's plot, which persecuted various Jewish people under the pretense of their involvement in a conspiracy to poison Soviet leaders. Ironically, this led directly to Stalin's death via a brain hemorrhage due to the elimination of several of the USSR's best doctors.

Historian Susan Urban of the Jersusalem Center for Public Affairs writes, "Germany has seen a growth of leftist anti-Semitism along with anti-imperialist, antiglobalization, and anti-Zionist attitudes."^[86] The Tupamoros-West Berlin, a Communist group headed by Dieter Kunzelmann (who would later become a leader of the Green Party),^[87] attempted to bomb Berlin's Jewish Community Center during a commemoration of the anniversary of Kristallnacht in 1969.^[88]

"Outside of the Western communist parties, which were mostly oriented solidly towards Moscow’s anti-Zionism, a fully articulated anti-Zionism appeared only in the early 1970s with the formation of the so-called New Left, which interpreted the Middle-East conflict in terms of its anti-imperialist and anti-colonialist rhetoric," reports the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia. "As many authors have shown since, the anti-Zionism of the 1970s was largely not just ideological criticism of Israel, but a form of secondary anti-Semitism. The rhetoric of these organizations, whose remnants survive into the present day, often indicates the antisemitic nature of their criticism."

Berlin's Red Army Faction (RAF), a Communist group, was led by Ulrike Meinhof, who stated, "Auschwitz means that six million Jews were murdered and carted on to the rubbish dumps of Europe for being that which was maintained of them—Money-Jews."^[89] She added that "Anti-Semitism is really hatred of capitalism."^[90] Another founder of this Communist group, Horst Mahler, an anti-Semite and Holocaust denier,^[91] was sentenced to six years in prison for incitement to racial hatred in 2005.^[92] Despite being labeled “right-wing” in the media, this Communist revolutionary insisted in a 2007 interview that his beliefs had not changed ("The enemy is the same")^[93] since his days as an informant for the Stasi,^[94] the secret police of Communist East Germany. (After the fall of East German Communism in 1990, it was revealed that the Stasi had been supplying the RAF with funds and logistic support, including false identities and network of safehouses in West Belin.)^[95] In 1976, the Revolutionary Cells (Revolutionäre Zellen), another German Communist group, joined with the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (a hard-line Marxist^[96] terrorist group) to hijack an Air France flight to Entebbe, Uganda, where they singled out the Jewish passengers in a plot to murder them.^[97] In 1979, the Sandinistas, a Marxist-Leninist group, seized control of the government of Nicaragua, supporting a newspaper that proclaimed that "the world's money, banking and finance are in the hands of descendants of Jews ... [C]ontrolling economic power, they control political power as now happens in the United States."^[98]

In 1985, the Palestinian Liberation Front, then a Communist group, which had hijacked an Italian cruise ship, the MS Achille Lauro, murdered 69-year-old passenger Leon Klinghoffer, an American, shooting him to death and rolling his wheelchair off the deck, dumping his body into the ocean. The PLF singled out Klinghoffer for murder because he was Jewish.

"Outside of the Western communist parties, which were mostly oriented solidly towards Moscow’s anti-Zionism, a fully articulated anti-Zionism appeared only in the early 1970s with the formation of the so-called New Left, which interpreted the Middle-East conflict in terms of its anti-imperialist and anti-colonialist rhetoric," reports the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia. "As many authors have shown since, the anti-Zionism of the 1970s was largely not just ideological criticism of Israel, but a form of secondary anti-Semitism. The rhetoric of these organizations, whose remnants survive into the present day, often indicates the antisemitic nature of their criticism." A 2016 study by the Research Association on the SED [Socialist Unity Party] State at Berlin's Free University, financed by Germany's Federal Ministry of Family, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth, found that "there has been more left-wing violence in Germany since 2009 than right-wing violence." Researchers found extensive anti-Semitism among left-wing extremists in Germany, and said the view of anti-Jewish extremist leftism can be traced to the word “Jew” as a synonym for “capitalist” and “exploiter.”

Hillary Clinton was also known to refer to anyone who failed her as "You [censored] Jew!" (or at times "You Jew [censored]!" or "You [censored] Jew [censored]"), most notably to her Jewish campaign manager Paul Fray after Bill Clinton lost the House of Representatives election on 1974, and has even used the phrase towards her own husband Bill Clinton.^[100][101]

21st-century anti-Semitism: the union of leftism and Islamism

See also: European migrant crisis

In the 21st century these seeds have festered into full flower, with the embrace of Islamist anti-Semitism by the Left:

For example, the European Union's European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia decided not to publish its comprehensive study of the causes of anti-Semitism in Europe in 2003, a source familiar with the report told London's Financial Times, after the report uncovered "a trend towards Muslim anti-Semitism," and that "on the left there is also mobilization against Israel that is not always free of prejudice."^[103] That year, one academic, Michael Neumann, Professor of Philosophy at Canada's Trent University, wrote that he wants to

According to the progressive magazine Tikkun, "A.N.S.W.E.R. refuses to acknowledge or support the right of the Jewish people to national self-determination—though it supports that right for every other group with a history of oppression. When Jews are denied the rights of others, it is a tell-tale sign of anti-Semitism."^[105]

Thus in 2009, the "progressive" webzine Counterpunch.org, edited by Alexander Cockburn, son of Soviet agent^[107] Claud Cockburn, could publish a revival of the "Blood Libel," alleging that Israeli Jews were killing Palestinian Muslims to harvest their organs.^[108] By 2011, the Anti-Defamation League had documented the growing list of anti-semitic incidents at rallies of the left-wing "Occupy" movement. A 2012 survey of 5,847 Jews in the European Union found that more than three out of four said anti-Semitism had increased over the preceding five years, and more respondents blamed perpetrators of the most serious incidents on the political left than the right, according to the EU's Fundamental Rights Agency.^[109] Researchers at Tel Aviv University reported that anti-Semitic violence worldwide surged 40 percent in 2014.^[110]

"[T]he left's anti-Semitism—which, of course, it never acknowledges and fervently denies—rather than the right's conventional version of this hatred comprises the key ingredient of anti-Semitism's current European existence."^[111] Antisemitism may be found within much contemporary "antihegemonic, radical, liberal and socialist" discourse, admits David Hirsh of the University of London, who concedes that "antisemitism is a live and virulent threat."^[112] "[T]he locus of anti-Semitism has moved from the right side of the political spectrum to the left ... These days, the hatemongers targeting Jews’ right to live peacefully spout the mantras of 'social justice' and 'peace studies,' not racial purity."^[113]

As Urban concludes: "The extreme leftist trend in Germany contains elements that envision a world cleansed of the Jewish state."

Europe, which has seen millions of Muslim migrants enter due to the European Union's open borders policies, has also seen large numbers of Jews immigrate to Israel due to Europe's anti-Semitism.^{[115][116][117]} Additionally, according to the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights in 2013, one-third of all European Jews due to fears of security caused by anti-Semitism.^[118][119] According to a study released by the University of Oslo in June 2017, which examined anti-Semitism between 2005 and 2015 in seven European nations, large proportions of European Jews felt unsafe in their home countries and were considering immigrating to Israel, including half of all French Jews.^[120] By 2016, Jews were leaving France in record numbers,^[121] and a 2017 YouGov poll found that nearly a third of all British Jews considered leaving the country due to anti-Semitism, among other findings.^[122][123] According to the University of Teacher Education in Vienna in 2017, half of all Muslim youth in Austria held anti-Semitic views.^[124] A survey released in December 2018 found that one-third of Jews considering emigrating from Europe.^[125] In Berlin, anti-Semitic attacks tripled in 2018 compared to the previous year,^[126] and in Germany overall, violent anti-Semitic attacks increased by 60%.^[127] In France, anti-Semitic acts increased 74% in 2018.^[128]

UK Labour Party

In the United Kingdom, the Labour Party has seen a large surge of anti-Semitism inside its ranks in the early 21st century which has especially increased with the beginning of the leadership of Jeremy Corbyn.^[129] In April 2018, the Israeli Labour Party cut ties with the UK Labour Party due to the latter's anti-Semitism.^[130] The party adopted a definition of anti-Semitism in response to these developments, but this definition was criticized as "toothless" as it held a much narrower definition of anti-Semitism than that of Jewish groups, such as still allowing Israel-Nazi comparisons and accusing Israel of racism.^[131][132] In August 2018, veteran MP Frank Field resigned from the party, as it had become "a force for anti-Semitism."^[133] In 2018, the Simon Wiesenthal Center mentioned Corbyn in its list of top ten worst anti-Semitism incidents that year.^[134] In February 2019, seven Labour MPs left the party, partially because of its anti-Semitism,^[135] and more MPs subsequently left because of anti-Semitism.^[136]

US Democratic Party

The Democratic Party is becoming increasingly anti-Semitic.^[137] Far-left Democrat congresswoman Rashida Tlaib hung a map in her congressional office with a sticky note calling Israel "Palestine."^[138] She earlier endorsed the anti-Israel BDS movement.^[139] In addition to these anti-Semitic actions, Tlaib also made a bigoted tweet accusing Jewish-Americans of having divided loyalties, an attack frequently made by anti-Semites.^[140] In January 2019, Tlaib willingly photographed herself with a Hezbollah-praising activist to also denied Israel's right to exist.^[141]

In 2019, the Democratic Party appointed far-left Representative Ilhan Omar – who takes very anti-Israel positions – to the House Foreign Affairs Committee.^[142]

Many left-wing anti-Semites claim to love Jews while condemning Zionism and Israel, though their comments in relation to Judaism shown otherwise.^[143]

Anti-capitalism, Anti-Americanism and anti-Semitism

"[I]n North America," wrote Marx, the "practical domination of Judaism over the Christian world" had achieved what he called "its unambiguous and normal expression."^[144] According to Sombart, “what we call Americanism is nothing else, if we may say so, than the Jewish spirit distilled.”^[145]

“The anti-American left... is at least as anti-Jewish as the clerical conservative right, especially among those who have embraced a pronounced 'antifascist' and 'antiracist' credo.”^[146] "Anti-Americanism in the Islamic world and Anti-Americanism in Europe are in fact linked, and both bear an uncanny resemblance to anti-Semitism."^[147]

"America and Jews are seen by many Europeans as paragons of a modernity they dislike and distrust: money-driven, profit-hungry, urban, universalistic, individualistic, mobile, rootless, inauthentic, and thus hostile to established traditions and values."^[148] "Jews were blamed for the evils of capitalism in earlier centuries. Americans are blamed for globalization, that is, technological and economic change to the max, in our days."^[149] "America today has become the world's market-dominant minority," while "Jews are a market-dominant mionority in the Middle East."^[150]

Thus post-unification Germany, observed a journalist in 2005, is marked by "a poisonous cocktail of the three big As: anti-Americanism, anti-Semitism and anti-capitalism."^[151] This association of Jews with America was illustrated in 2006, when German Neo-Nazis burned a copy of Anne Frank: Diary of a Young Girl together with an American flag.

Despite the growth of liberal anti-Semitism, left-wingers who happen to be Jewish have largely ignored anti-Semitism on the Left.^[152]

See also

• Similarities between Communism, Nazism and liberalism
• Nazism and socialism
• Communism and Nazism
• Liberal intolerance
• Liberalism and racism
• Communist Racism

External links

• The Threat of Left-wing Antisemitism on YouTube

References