Difference between revisions of "Muhammad"
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| − | '''Muhammad''' ( | + | {{Cquote|I have been sent with the shortest expressions bearing the widest meanings, and '''I have been made victorious with [[terrorism|terror]]''' (cast in the hearts of the enemy), and while I was sleeping, the keys of the treasures of the world were brought to me and put in my hand.<ref>[http://sunnah.com/bukhari/56/186 Narrated in Abu Huraira, in ''Bukhari'', Volume 4, Book 52, Number 220]</ref>}} |
| + | [[File:Mohammad.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Among Muslims, imagery of Muhammad is widely considered [[idolatry]].]] | ||
| + | '''Muhammad''' (also spelled '''Mohammed''' or (archaic) '''Mahomet''') (A.D. 570-632), was the founder of the ideology of [[Islam]]. | ||
| − | + | Claimed by adherents of Islam as the final and greatest "[[prophet]]"<ref>[http://www.billionbibles.org/sharia/muhammad-false-prophet.html "Prophet" Muhammad?]</ref> of [[Allah]] (which they and their liberal allies incorrectly claim to be the [[God]] of [[Christianity]] and [[Judaism]]<ref>[http://www.conservativenewsandviews.com/2016/12/27/clergy/islam-anti-civilization/ Islam: Anti-Civilization] at Conservative News and Views</ref><ref>[http://www.billionbibles.org/sharia/allah-moon-god.html Allah Moon God]</ref>), Muhammad claimed in Allah's [[revelation]]s, via the angel [[Gabriel]], that Judaism and Christianity had grown corrupt, and that Muhammad was to restore the religion God intended. However, common criticisms of Mohammed are: his marriage to a nine-year-old girl was inappropriate; his authorization of the beating of disobedient wives given in the [[Koran]] is unacceptable; and he was a vengeful, man of war (Mohammed said, “If God gives me victory in Quraysh [Muhammad’s own tribe in Mecca] in the future, I will mutilate 30 of their men.”).<ref> | |
| + | *[http://www.answering-islam.org/Authors/Wood/pedophile.htm Was Muhammad a Pedophile?] by David Wood | ||
| + | *[http://answering-islam.org/Silas/wife-beating.htm WIFE BEATING IN ISLAM] | ||
| + | *[https://billmuehlenberg.com/2008/11/21/jesus-muhammad-and-violence/ Jesus, Muhammad and Violence] by Bill Muehlenberg</ref> | ||
| − | In accordance with the Islamic [[hadith]], | + | In accordance with the Islamic [[hadith]], its adherents add the phrase of "sallalahu aleyhi wasallam" (or "SAW"), meaning "peace be upon him" (or "PBUH"), after speaking Muhammad's name. |
| − | + | == Images == | |
| − | + | Representations of Mohammed are well known from early on, but not very common. While some Muslims hold beliefs that it is against Islam to make images of Mohammed, others have more relaxed attitudes, and among Shia Muslims, such pictures are common, and much liked.<ref>[http://www.hf.uib.no/religion/popularikonografi/default_eng.html Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and Religion (AHKR), University of Bergen.]</ref> | |
| − | + | ||
== Life of Muhammad== | == Life of Muhammad== | ||
| − | + | Muhammad is claimed to be descended from [[Abraham]] through his son [[Ishmael]] who, under God's orders, was left in the Arabian desert with only a little food and water. The spot where this occurred is now called [[Mecca]]; today, over 3 million Muslims annually re-enact the frantic running of Ishmael's mother Hagar as she looked for water, in which Ishmael hit the ground with his foot causing water to flow forth. Still flowing today, the spring is known as the Well of [[Zam Zam]]. | |
| − | Muhammad was orphaned at the age of six, his father Abdullah died before he was born | + | Muhammad was orphaned at the age of six, as his father Abdullah died before he was born and his mother, Aminah, died soon after. This left him with his grandfather Abdul Muttalib, who died when he was six. He was then raised by his uncle [[Abu Talib]] (son of Abdul Muttalib), a powerful man among the Quraysh tribe who loved Muhammad more than anyone. Muhammad grew up, never taking part part in pagan rituals. He despised the actions, and began a tradition of fasting in the caves of Mecca every annual pilgrimage; the pagans at the time believed in [[Allah]], and the [[Hajj]], from the times of Ishmael, but they later added more gods to Allah. Lexically speaking, Allah comes from the word Ilah in [[Arabic]], with the definite article Al placed in front, making it "Al-Llah", translating as "The One God". This is why [[Islam]] was tolerated from the start by most — Muhammad claimed not to have introduced a new God but instead spoke of the God of Abraham, Jesus, and Moses. |
| − | Muhammad was respected in Medina | + | Muhammad was respected in Medina as he would frequently solve disputes. He was nicknamed Al-Amin, or The Truthful One, and was well loved by all. His followers claim he was never known to lie, cheat, or steal, though those were all common practices by the pagans of his time and continues to be so in Islam to the present day.<ref>[http://www.billionbibles.org/sharia/taqiyya.html Taqiyya]</ref> Everyone, including his enemies like [[Abu Jahl]], claimed his lineage to Ishmael and Abraham. |
| − | When he was about 40 years old, Muhammad's early revelations | + | When he was about 40 years old, Muhammad's supposed early revelations from the Angel [[Gabriel]] spoke of a need to return to the [[monotheism]] of [[Abraham]]; however, Muhammad was unsure of himself upon seeing what seemed to be the Angel [[Gabriel]] and rushed to his house, terrified. He told his wife [[Khadija]] of the events, and she assured him that God wouldn't let this happen to such a humble man. Khadija later went on to see her uncle, a Christian scholar who, after reviewing his religious texts (note that these texts are not the texts of today, as the Christians of Mecca and the Arabs were not Pauline or Roman Christians), claimed Muhammad was the next prophet. This as well as the Jews in Medina, who were also expecting a new prophet, albeit a prophet from the Jewish tribe; Muhammad's claimed prophethood was an unpleasant surprise to many of them and hence they rejected him. In this way Muhammad saw himself at an early age as reviving an ancient faith, a perceived correction to Christianity and Judaism, and restoring his people to what he saw as their rightful position as the true founders and heirs of monotheism. In these revelations, submission to the will of their claimed god — [[Allah]] — was critical. Muhammad's fledgling religion continued to develop throughout his life, through periodic revelations often relating directly to events currently facing his new faith. |
| − | The faith caught on slowly, winning only a few converts in Mecca (the first being his wife, Khadija). In 622 A.D, under increased pressure and ostracism from elders in Mecca, Muhammad began the [[hijra]], an organized exodus of his followers from Mecca to the city of [[Medina]]. [[Muslims]] date the formation of their | + | The faith caught on slowly, winning only a few converts in Mecca (the first being his wife, Khadija). In 622 A.D, under increased pressure and ostracism from elders in Mecca, Muhammad began the [[hijra]], an organized exodus of his followers from Mecca to the city of [[Medina]]. [[Muslims]] date the formation of their ideology to the ''hijra'' itself, even beginning their dating system at this point. |
| − | Muhammad was first introduced to the people of [[Medina]] | + | Muhammad was first introduced to the people of [[Medina]]; when frequent wars broke out between Jewish tribes and Arab tribes, Muhammad was sent for as a mediator between the two. Most Jews spoke highly of Muhammad, accepting him as the next Prophet, although some disliked that he was not of the descent of Moses or Bani Israel. When Muhammad came to Medina, most problems were resolved, and it was hailed as a success. One important battle which shed light on Muslim-Jewish tensions was [[The Battle of the Trench]]: Although there was a pact called [[The Constitution of Medina]], one that gave all religions freedom and protective status under the Muslims, from Muslims or invaders, one Jewish tribe ([[Bani Qurayza]]) did not help defend the city. However, they allowed in Huyayy ibn Akhtab, a man exiled by Muhammad because of a dispute between Bani Qurayza and Bani Nadir, who encouraged Bani Qurayza to attack the Muslims and help the invaders so Muhammad would be defeated once and for all. Their plot was found out, though, and the pact was broken. This incident led to the execution of approximately 700 Jewish men<ref>Guillaume, p. 461-464</ref> from the tribe. |
| − | The execution was described as | + | The execution was described as follows by Ibn Ishaq: |
<blockquote> | <blockquote> | ||
Then they surrendered, and the apostle confined them in Medina in the quarter of d. al-Harith, a woman of B. al-Najjar. Then the apostle went out to the market of Medina (which is still its market today) and dug trenches in it. Then he sent for them and struck off their heads in those trenches as they were brought out to him in batches. Among them was the enemy of Allah Huyayy b. Akhtab and Ka`b b. Asad their chief. There were 600 or 700 in all, though some put the figure as high as 800 or 900. As they were being taken out in batches to the apostle they asked Ka`b what he thought would be done with them. He replied, 'Will you never understand? Don't you see that the summoner never stops and those who are taken away do not return? By Allah it is death!' This went on until the apostle made an end of them. Huyayy was brought out wearing a flowered robe in which he had made holes about the size of the finger-tips in every part so that it should not be taken from him as spoil, with his hands bound to his neck by a rope. When he saw the apostle he said, 'By God, I do not blame myself for opposing you, but he who forsakes God will be forsaken.' Then he went to the men and said, 'God's command is right. A book and a decree, and massacre have been written against the Sons of Israel.' Then he sat down and his head was struck off.<ref>Guillaume, p. 461-464</ref> | Then they surrendered, and the apostle confined them in Medina in the quarter of d. al-Harith, a woman of B. al-Najjar. Then the apostle went out to the market of Medina (which is still its market today) and dug trenches in it. Then he sent for them and struck off their heads in those trenches as they were brought out to him in batches. Among them was the enemy of Allah Huyayy b. Akhtab and Ka`b b. Asad their chief. There were 600 or 700 in all, though some put the figure as high as 800 or 900. As they were being taken out in batches to the apostle they asked Ka`b what he thought would be done with them. He replied, 'Will you never understand? Don't you see that the summoner never stops and those who are taken away do not return? By Allah it is death!' This went on until the apostle made an end of them. Huyayy was brought out wearing a flowered robe in which he had made holes about the size of the finger-tips in every part so that it should not be taken from him as spoil, with his hands bound to his neck by a rope. When he saw the apostle he said, 'By God, I do not blame myself for opposing you, but he who forsakes God will be forsaken.' Then he went to the men and said, 'God's command is right. A book and a decree, and massacre have been written against the Sons of Israel.' Then he sat down and his head was struck off.<ref>Guillaume, p. 461-464</ref> | ||
</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
| − | + | == After Muhammad's death == | |
| + | Muhammad's death at an early age caused the splintering of his ideology into new subdivisions, over the question of succession. The groups called themselves the [[Sunnis]] and the [[Shiite|Shi'as]]. Many attribute this split to the high degree to which authority was centered in the powerful character of Muhammad himself: without his powerful personality, the movement could not survive intact.,<ref>[[Bernard Lewis]], ''What Went Wrong''</ref> however this depiction is not accurate in some lights. The [[Shi'as]] came into the picture much later than the death of Muhammad, and were first a nuisance group thought to be started by a Jew by the name of [[Abdullah ibn Saba]] who was burned at the stake by [[Abu Bakr]] for proclaiming [[Ali]] was God. Note that Ali disagreed with the punishment, because fire is a punishment only for Allah. | ||
| − | + | The failure or splintering of movements, such as personality cults, built around a charismatic leader is a recurring sociological problem, often studied by psychologists, and referred to as the problem of the [[routinization of charisma]].<ref>Maximillian Weber, ''Theory of Social and Economic Organization,'' in the chapter "The Nature of Charismatic Authority and its Routinization," see also Len Oakes, "Prophetic Charisma: The Psychology of Revolutionary Religious Personalities"</ref> | |
| − | + | == Obama's opinion about presenting Muhammad in a non-favorable light == | |
| + | On September 25, 2012, in his address to [[United Nations General Assembly]], [[Barack Hussein Obama]] said that "'''The future must not belong to those who slander the prophet of Islam'''."<ref>FOX News: [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/09/25/transcript-obama-address-to-un-general-assembly/ Transcript: Obama address to U.N. General Assembly] (September 25, 2012)</ref> This outrageous comment, yet another evidence that Barack Hussein Obama is almost certainly [[Obama's Religion|of Islamic heritage]], was predictably ignored by the [[liberal media]], but rightly highlighted by Conservative commentators.<ref>FOX News: [http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2012/09/26/media-ignore-obama-attack-on-those-who-slander-prophet-islam/ Media ignore Obama attack on ‘those who slander the Prophet of Islam’] (September 26, 2012)</ref> | ||
| − | + | ==See also== | |
| − | + | *[[Slave ownership by Muhammad]] | |
| − | ==See | + | |
*[[Islam]] | *[[Islam]] | ||
| + | *[[Taqiyya]]/[[Taquiyyeh]] | ||
*[[Muhammad cartoons controversy]] | *[[Muhammad cartoons controversy]] | ||
| + | *[[Abbas]] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
| − | |||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
| − | == | + | == External links == |
| − | + | * [http://web.archive.org/web/20180123164729/http://wikiislam.net/wiki/List_of_Killings_Ordered_or_Supported_by_Muhammad List of Killings Ordered or Supported by Muhammad] | |
| − | + | * [http://web.archive.org/web/20181011062907/http://www.hirhome.com/islam/art.htm Muhammad's massacre of the Jewish tribe Banu Qurayzah] | |
| + | * [http://youtu.be/FXfZWJTZsrw The Killing of Umm Qirfa by Muhammad] | ||
[[Category:Islam]] | [[Category:Islam]] | ||
| − | |||
[[Category:Muslims]] | [[Category:Muslims]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Terrorists]] | ||
Revision as of 04:37, October 12, 2018
| “ | I have been sent with the shortest expressions bearing the widest meanings, and I have been made victorious with terror (cast in the hearts of the enemy), and while I was sleeping, the keys of the treasures of the world were brought to me and put in my hand.[1] | ” |
Muhammad (also spelled Mohammed or (archaic) Mahomet) (A.D. 570-632), was the founder of the ideology of Islam.
Claimed by adherents of Islam as the final and greatest "prophet"[2] of Allah (which they and their liberal allies incorrectly claim to be the God of Christianity and Judaism[3][4]), Muhammad claimed in Allah's revelations, via the angel Gabriel, that Judaism and Christianity had grown corrupt, and that Muhammad was to restore the religion God intended. However, common criticisms of Mohammed are: his marriage to a nine-year-old girl was inappropriate; his authorization of the beating of disobedient wives given in the Koran is unacceptable; and he was a vengeful, man of war (Mohammed said, “If God gives me victory in Quraysh [Muhammad’s own tribe in Mecca] in the future, I will mutilate 30 of their men.”).[5]
In accordance with the Islamic hadith, its adherents add the phrase of "sallalahu aleyhi wasallam" (or "SAW"), meaning "peace be upon him" (or "PBUH"), after speaking Muhammad's name.
Contents
Images
Representations of Mohammed are well known from early on, but not very common. While some Muslims hold beliefs that it is against Islam to make images of Mohammed, others have more relaxed attitudes, and among Shia Muslims, such pictures are common, and much liked.[6]
Life of Muhammad
Muhammad is claimed to be descended from Abraham through his son Ishmael who, under God's orders, was left in the Arabian desert with only a little food and water. The spot where this occurred is now called Mecca; today, over 3 million Muslims annually re-enact the frantic running of Ishmael's mother Hagar as she looked for water, in which Ishmael hit the ground with his foot causing water to flow forth. Still flowing today, the spring is known as the Well of Zam Zam.
Muhammad was orphaned at the age of six, as his father Abdullah died before he was born and his mother, Aminah, died soon after. This left him with his grandfather Abdul Muttalib, who died when he was six. He was then raised by his uncle Abu Talib (son of Abdul Muttalib), a powerful man among the Quraysh tribe who loved Muhammad more than anyone. Muhammad grew up, never taking part part in pagan rituals. He despised the actions, and began a tradition of fasting in the caves of Mecca every annual pilgrimage; the pagans at the time believed in Allah, and the Hajj, from the times of Ishmael, but they later added more gods to Allah. Lexically speaking, Allah comes from the word Ilah in Arabic, with the definite article Al placed in front, making it "Al-Llah", translating as "The One God". This is why Islam was tolerated from the start by most — Muhammad claimed not to have introduced a new God but instead spoke of the God of Abraham, Jesus, and Moses.
Muhammad was respected in Medina as he would frequently solve disputes. He was nicknamed Al-Amin, or The Truthful One, and was well loved by all. His followers claim he was never known to lie, cheat, or steal, though those were all common practices by the pagans of his time and continues to be so in Islam to the present day.[7] Everyone, including his enemies like Abu Jahl, claimed his lineage to Ishmael and Abraham.
When he was about 40 years old, Muhammad's supposed early revelations from the Angel Gabriel spoke of a need to return to the monotheism of Abraham; however, Muhammad was unsure of himself upon seeing what seemed to be the Angel Gabriel and rushed to his house, terrified. He told his wife Khadija of the events, and she assured him that God wouldn't let this happen to such a humble man. Khadija later went on to see her uncle, a Christian scholar who, after reviewing his religious texts (note that these texts are not the texts of today, as the Christians of Mecca and the Arabs were not Pauline or Roman Christians), claimed Muhammad was the next prophet. This as well as the Jews in Medina, who were also expecting a new prophet, albeit a prophet from the Jewish tribe; Muhammad's claimed prophethood was an unpleasant surprise to many of them and hence they rejected him. In this way Muhammad saw himself at an early age as reviving an ancient faith, a perceived correction to Christianity and Judaism, and restoring his people to what he saw as their rightful position as the true founders and heirs of monotheism. In these revelations, submission to the will of their claimed god — Allah — was critical. Muhammad's fledgling religion continued to develop throughout his life, through periodic revelations often relating directly to events currently facing his new faith.
The faith caught on slowly, winning only a few converts in Mecca (the first being his wife, Khadija). In 622 A.D, under increased pressure and ostracism from elders in Mecca, Muhammad began the hijra, an organized exodus of his followers from Mecca to the city of Medina. Muslims date the formation of their ideology to the hijra itself, even beginning their dating system at this point.
Muhammad was first introduced to the people of Medina; when frequent wars broke out between Jewish tribes and Arab tribes, Muhammad was sent for as a mediator between the two. Most Jews spoke highly of Muhammad, accepting him as the next Prophet, although some disliked that he was not of the descent of Moses or Bani Israel. When Muhammad came to Medina, most problems were resolved, and it was hailed as a success. One important battle which shed light on Muslim-Jewish tensions was The Battle of the Trench: Although there was a pact called The Constitution of Medina, one that gave all religions freedom and protective status under the Muslims, from Muslims or invaders, one Jewish tribe (Bani Qurayza) did not help defend the city. However, they allowed in Huyayy ibn Akhtab, a man exiled by Muhammad because of a dispute between Bani Qurayza and Bani Nadir, who encouraged Bani Qurayza to attack the Muslims and help the invaders so Muhammad would be defeated once and for all. Their plot was found out, though, and the pact was broken. This incident led to the execution of approximately 700 Jewish men[8] from the tribe.
The execution was described as follows by Ibn Ishaq:
Then they surrendered, and the apostle confined them in Medina in the quarter of d. al-Harith, a woman of B. al-Najjar. Then the apostle went out to the market of Medina (which is still its market today) and dug trenches in it. Then he sent for them and struck off their heads in those trenches as they were brought out to him in batches. Among them was the enemy of Allah Huyayy b. Akhtab and Ka`b b. Asad their chief. There were 600 or 700 in all, though some put the figure as high as 800 or 900. As they were being taken out in batches to the apostle they asked Ka`b what he thought would be done with them. He replied, 'Will you never understand? Don't you see that the summoner never stops and those who are taken away do not return? By Allah it is death!' This went on until the apostle made an end of them. Huyayy was brought out wearing a flowered robe in which he had made holes about the size of the finger-tips in every part so that it should not be taken from him as spoil, with his hands bound to his neck by a rope. When he saw the apostle he said, 'By God, I do not blame myself for opposing you, but he who forsakes God will be forsaken.' Then he went to the men and said, 'God's command is right. A book and a decree, and massacre have been written against the Sons of Israel.' Then he sat down and his head was struck off.[9]
After Muhammad's death
Muhammad's death at an early age caused the splintering of his ideology into new subdivisions, over the question of succession. The groups called themselves the Sunnis and the Shi'as. Many attribute this split to the high degree to which authority was centered in the powerful character of Muhammad himself: without his powerful personality, the movement could not survive intact.,[10] however this depiction is not accurate in some lights. The Shi'as came into the picture much later than the death of Muhammad, and were first a nuisance group thought to be started by a Jew by the name of Abdullah ibn Saba who was burned at the stake by Abu Bakr for proclaiming Ali was God. Note that Ali disagreed with the punishment, because fire is a punishment only for Allah.
The failure or splintering of movements, such as personality cults, built around a charismatic leader is a recurring sociological problem, often studied by psychologists, and referred to as the problem of the routinization of charisma.[11]
Obama's opinion about presenting Muhammad in a non-favorable light
On September 25, 2012, in his address to United Nations General Assembly, Barack Hussein Obama said that "The future must not belong to those who slander the prophet of Islam."[12] This outrageous comment, yet another evidence that Barack Hussein Obama is almost certainly of Islamic heritage, was predictably ignored by the liberal media, but rightly highlighted by Conservative commentators.[13]
See also
References
- ↑ Narrated in Abu Huraira, in Bukhari, Volume 4, Book 52, Number 220
- ↑ "Prophet" Muhammad?
- ↑ Islam: Anti-Civilization at Conservative News and Views
- ↑ Allah Moon God
- ↑
- Was Muhammad a Pedophile? by David Wood
- WIFE BEATING IN ISLAM
- Jesus, Muhammad and Violence by Bill Muehlenberg
- ↑ Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and Religion (AHKR), University of Bergen.
- ↑ Taqiyya
- ↑ Guillaume, p. 461-464
- ↑ Guillaume, p. 461-464
- ↑ Bernard Lewis, What Went Wrong
- ↑ Maximillian Weber, Theory of Social and Economic Organization, in the chapter "The Nature of Charismatic Authority and its Routinization," see also Len Oakes, "Prophetic Charisma: The Psychology of Revolutionary Religious Personalities"
- ↑ FOX News: Transcript: Obama address to U.N. General Assembly (September 25, 2012)
- ↑ FOX News: Media ignore Obama attack on ‘those who slander the Prophet of Islam’ (September 26, 2012)
