Polish language
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Polish (Polska) is a Slavic language spoken by over 70 million people, mainly in Poland and by communities of Poles worldwide (mostly in the United States, Germany, Brazil, Israel and Canada). It is a West Slavic language, most closely related to Czech and Slovak. It is an official language of the European Union].
Polish has several letters and diacritics not present in English. The tables below give an introductory guide to pronunciation and transcription:[1]
Alphabet
- Aa = English 'ah'
- Ąą = English 'on'
- Bb = English 'b'
- Cc = English 't'+'s'
- Ćć = English 'ch' soft
- Dd = English 'd'
- Ee = English 'e'
- Ęę = English 'en'
- Ff = English 'f'
- Gg = English 'g' hard
- Hh = English 'h'
- Ii = English 'i'
- Jj = English 'y'
- Kk = English 'k'
- Ll = English 'l'
- Łł = English 'w'
- Mm = English 'm'
- Nn = English 'n'
- Ńń = English 'n'
- Oo = English 'oh'
- Óó = English 'ou'
- Pp = English 'p'
- Rr = English 'r' rolled
- Ss = English 's'
- Śś = English 'sh' soft
- Tt = English 't'
- Uu = English 'oo'
- Ww = English 'v'
- Yy = English 'eh'
- Zz = English 'z'
- Źź = English 'zh' soft
- Żż = English 'zh' harder
Consonant Sounds
- l~ - same as w in woman
- Z~ - same as s in street
- ch - same as h in happy
- cz - same as ch in church
- dz - same as d followed by z
- dz~ - same as d followed by z~
- rz - same as s in treasure
- sz - same as sh in share
Polish Diacritics
How Polish diacritics (accented) letters are typically represented in type:
Use of the tilde " ~ " is the accepted practice for typing Polish diacritic letters when a suitable keyboard is not present.
Type | Accent | located | Pronounced "sound"
- A~ a~ | below | nasal,| pronounced "on" (or as "om" when following a B or P, Da~browski = Dombrowski)
- C~ c~ above| |pronounced roughly "ch"
- E~ e~ below| nasal,| generally pronounced "en" (or "em" when following a B or P, [De~bin~ski = Dembin~ski])
- L~ l~ angled | slash | pronounced much like English W
- N~ n~ above | |kind of like "ni" in "onion"
- O~ o~ above | |sounding much like "oo" in "book".
- S~ s~ above | |kind of like "sh" in "sheep"
- Z~ z~ above | |a soft, hissing "zh" sound
- Z* z* dot |above|a chunkier "zh" sound
