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Proof

1,708 bytes added, 19:42, July 24, 2016
added section Biblical proof
'''Proof''' is a firmly attested and evident objective fact, or a coherent set of facts, which cannot be refuted, often an inescapable conclusion based on undeniable [[evidence]]. Proofs have been set aside by [[logical fallacies]] and [[prejudice]].
 
==Mathematical proof==
A mathematical proof is a step-by-step demonstration of the truth of a mathematical theorem. Proofs build on [[axiom]]s, which are statements that are assumed to be true without proof, as well as previously-proved [[theorem]]s.
==Scientific proof==
''Main article:'' [[Scientific evidence]] Unlike the [[theorem]]s of [[mathematics]], [[science]] does not seek to prove that its [[theories]] are true. Instead, the [[scientific method]] seeks to check whether the predictions implied by a theory are observed in nature. Therefore, as philosopher of science [[Karl Popper]] argued, science can only hope to show that a theory is false. But scientists recognize that science ''can never prove'' that a theory is true in the same sense that a mathematical theorem is true. Therefore , scientists never claim that their theories are [[fact]]s. Instead, science searches for theories that are not disproved by currently-known experimental observations. Insofar as theories are consistent with nature, they may serve as a guide to improve [[technology]] for example and can be considered as true in laymen's terms.
A notable exception may be found in the field of biology, where educators and other proponents frequently contend that, "Evolution is a fact."
 
==Notable Quotes==
*John L. Synge:<ref name="Capria">{{cite book |author=Marco M. Capria, Aubert Daigneaut et al. |title=Physics Before and After Einstein |publisher=IOS Press |year=2005 |chapter=5. General Relativity: Gravitation as Geometry and the Machian Programme |pages=97, 114|isbn=1-58603-462-6 |url=http://www.dmi.unipg.it/~mamone/pubb/PBAE.pdf |quote=John L. Synge, who was the author of one of the classic reference books on relativity [101], wrote half a century after Einstein’s first formulation of general relativity: [...] when one examines some proofs in the Neo-cartesian spirit, too often they seem to dissolve completely away, leaving one in a state of wonder as to whether the author really thought he had proved something. Or is the reader stupid? It is hard to say. In any case I am still waiting for a rational treatment of the dynamics of the solar system according to Einstein’s theory [100, p. 14].}}</ref>
<blockquote>''"...when one examines some proofs in the Neo-cartesian spirit, too often they seem to dissolve completely away, leaving one in a state of wonder as to whether the author really thought he had proved something. Or is the reader stupid? It is hard to say."''</blockquote>
 
==Biblical proof==
See [[Biblical inerrancy]] and [[Sola scriptura]].
== Legal Proof ==
 
In American courts, crimes are proved "beyond reasonable doubt" to a jury, based on the jury's own analysis of the admissible evidence. Other legal issues may be decided by clear and convincing evidence or by a preponderance of the evidence (more likely than not).
In [[baking]], proofing is the process of letting a [[dough]] rise. The process of letting a [[sourdough]] starter (or sponge) feed and develop is also called proofing.
== References =={{Reflist}} == See also ==*[[Explanation in science]]*[[Proof text]][[categoryCategory:Mathematics]][[categoryCategory:Science]][[categoryCategory:Law]][[Category:Food and Drink]]
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