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| − | {{merge with|Historical revisionism}}
| + | #REDIRECT [[Historical revisionism]] |
| − | '''Revisionism''' is the practice of rewriting or distorting [[history]] in order to misrepresent past events, or radically misconstruing what an historical source states. This is often done for [[politics|political]] or [[propaganda]] purposes, for example falsely claiming that a respected figure had similar views to one's own or that a despised figure did not have similar views to one's own, or attempting to [[demonize]] or elevate a particular group contrary to the evidence. In some cases, evidence contradicting the revised version of history is [[memory hole|destroyed]].
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| − | ==History==
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| − | ===America===
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| − | Historical revisionism in America has been taking place in America since the early 1900s. One well known revisionist is [[Charles Beard]], who was at the time considered to be "the most influential historian in America"<ref>{{cite book|last1=Riggenbach|first1=Jeff|title=Why American History is Not What They Say: An Introduction to Revisionism|date=2009|publisher=[[Ludwig von Mises Institute]]|location=Auburn, Alabama|isbn=1479295043|pages=79}}</ref> Other revisionist historians include William Appleman Williams, Frederick Jackson Turner, and [[Gabriel Kolko]]. However, the first American revisionist in the modern sense is generally considered to be Carl Becker,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Brundage|first1=Anthony|title=The Great Tradition: Constitutional History and National Identity in Britain and the United States, 1870-1960|date=2007|publisher=Stanford University Press|location=Stanford, California|isbn=0804756864|pages=141}}</ref> who wrote ''History of Political Parties in the Province of New York, 1760-1776'' (1909). Another revisionist, Charles McLean Andrews, wrote a book in 1912 titled ''The Colonial Period'', in which he wrote the following: | + | |
| − | <blockquote>The phrase "natural rights of Englishmen" is vague and meaningless in the history of constitutional development and political philosophy, and deserves to stand with that other equally abused phrase, much on the lips of the colonists at this time, "taxation without representation."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Andrews|first1=Charles M.|title=The Colonial Period of American History|date=1912|publisher=Henry Holt and Company|location=New York|pages=251}}</ref></blockquote>
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| − | ==Examples==
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| − | One example of revisionism concerns [[Richard I]] of [[England]]. He has often been represented as an English hero, particularly in contrast with the weak [[King John]], but in reality he cared little for England except as a source of [[tax]] revenue, did not speak English, and seldom visited the country.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/richard_i_king.shtml BBC - History - Richard I]</ref> Another similar example concerns [[Robin Hood]], who was revised by Joseph Ritson from recognizing the ill of high taxation into a redistributionist.
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| − | In a more recent example of a one type of revisionism, a recent five-year study by researchers Dr. Gary Tobin and Dennis Ybarra of the 28 most widely used history, geography and social studies textbooks in America, found some 500 instances of "errors, inaccuracies and even propaganda" on these issues. Revisionist claims among textbooks included statements that Arab countries never initiated wars against Israel, and that Israel does not desire peace while Arab nations do, and that Moses ''claimed'' to have received the [[10 Commandments]] while stating as fact that the [[Koran]] was a book containing revelations from God.<ref>World History: Continuity and Change</ref> Ybarra stated that "The textbooks tend to be critical of Jews and Israel, disrespectful about Christianity, and rather than represent Islam in an objective way, tend to glorify it." One textbook also claimed that "Christianity was started by a young Palestinian named Jesus."<ref>The World, Pearson/Scott Foresman</ref> The textbooks were published by some of the largest publishers in America. According to Tobin, these books are used by tens of millions of schoolchildren in all 50 states. ''The Trouble with Textbooks: Distorting History and Religion'' book-length study was released by the San Francisco-based Institute for Jewish and Community Research.<ref>[https://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1222017396250&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FPrinter Haviv Rettig Gur, 'US textbooks misrepresent Jews, Israel'] THE JERUSALEM POST Sep. 25, 2008.</ref>
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| − | Education expert Gilbert T. Sewall, the director of the American Textbook Council is another researcher who also reports a decidedly "whitewashed" version of Islam in school history books. An example provided by Sewall is the textbook ''World History: The Modern World'', which intentionally omitted the religion of the 9/11 hijackers, simply referring to as "teams of terrorists."<ref>http://www.jesuslives.co.za/2009/03/12/report-us-textbooks-whitewash-islam</ref>
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| − | Another form of revision is seen in the area of Biblical studies, in which even extreme and unwarranted views on morality are presented as viable, such as which force [[homosexuality]] into passages describing Biblical characters, while engaging in "grammatical gymnastics" to disallow condemnations of it. {{main|Homosexuality and biblical interpretation}}
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| − | == References ==
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| − | {{reflist}}
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| − | {{Liberalism}}
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| − | [[Category:History]]
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| − | [[Category:Deceit]]
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| − | [[Category:Liberal Traits]]
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