Gallicanism was promoted by the French kings, especially [[Louis XIV]] and [[Louis XV]], as well as by [[Napoleon]]. In supporting king [[Louis XIV]] against Pope Innocent XI the French bishops prepared the "Four Gallican Articles." They declared that kings are not subject to the pope, that general councils supersede the pope's authority, that the pope must respect the customs of the local church, and that papal decrees do not bind unless accepted by the entire church. The Catholic clergy generally supported Gallicanism and during the [[French Revolution]] and most agreed to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, which gave the state almost total control of the church. Napoleon restored a balance in his Concordat with the pope in 1802.
Gallicanism was damaged by the rise of ultramontanism in the 1850s and the devotional revolution that shifted piety to devotions sponsored by Rome. Gallicanism was officially suppressed by the First Vatican Council in 1870, which established the paramount authority of the pope as a matter of dogma. However informal manifestations of Gallicanism continue in some countries, especially China.==See also==* [[Papal Infallibility]]
==Bibliography==
* Michael K. Becker. "Episcopal Unrest: Gallicanism in the 1625 Assembly of the Clergy," ''Church History,'' Vol. 43, No. 1 (Mar., 1974), pp. 65-77 65–77 [http://www.jstor.org/pss/3164081 in JSTOR]* Thomas I. Crimando. "Two French Views of the Council of Trent," ''The Sixteenth Century Journal,'' Vol. 19, No. 2 (Summer, 1988), pp. 169-186 169–186 [http://www.jstor.org/pss/2540405 in JSTOR]
* Terence J. Fay. ''A History of Canadian Catholics: Gallicanism, Romanism, and Canadianism.'' (2002)
* Austin Gough. ''Paris and Rome: The Gallican Church and the Ultramontane Campaign, 1848-1853'' (1986)
[[Category:ReligionCatholic Church]][[Category:French History]]