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The '''State of the Vatican City''' (or simply the '''Vatican City''' or the '''Holy See''') is an independent state of which the monarch is the Bishop of Rome — the [[Pope]], and the highest state functionaries are all clergymen of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. The Vatican City houses the [[Holy See|Government of the Roman Catholic Church]] and is surrounded by the city of [[Rome]]. Until 1871 the Pope held civil power over a considerable territory, called the [[Papal States]]. This land was made a part of [[Italy]] during the unification of 1871. By the Treaty of the Lateran in 1929, Italy restored the Pope's temporal, or civil, power within the confines of Vatican City, which totals 108.7 acres in area.
==People==