|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| − | [[Image:Hitler-3.jpg |right|400px|thumb|Adolf Hitler's rise to power was greatly aided by '''censoring''' his critics.<ref>http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/censorship_in_nazi_germany.htm Censorship in Nazi Germany</ref><ref>[http://www.ushmm.org/outreach/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007677 US Holocaust Museum]</ref><ref>[http://www.historyofpainters.com/entartete.htm Censorship of media and the fine arts]</ref><ref>[http://www.ushmm.org/research/library/bibliography/index.php?content=1933_bookburning Essay on Bookburning]</ref>]]
| |
| − | '''Censorship''' is the suppression of statements or information for ideological reasons. Current examples of censorship include:
| |
| | | | |
| − | *[[Facebook]] suspended 30,000 accounts in [[France]] a mere ten days before its national election in 2017, in censorship of supporters of the right-wing, eurosceptic [[Marine Le Pen]]<ref>Hoft, Jim (April 14, 2017). [http://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2017/04/facebook-suspends-30000-french-accounts-10-days-election-attempt-censor-le-pen-supporters/ Facebook Suspends 30,000 French Accounts 10 days Before Election in Attempt to Censor Le Pen Supporters]. ''The Gateway Pundit''. Retrieved April 14, 2017.</ref><ref>[http://www.breitbart.com/tech/2017/04/14/facebook-targets-30000-fake-french-accounts-before-election/ Facebook Targets 30,000 Fake French Accounts Before Election]. ''Breitbart News''. April 14, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2017.</ref>
| |
| − | *Refusal to carry news about the horrors at the [[abortion]] clinic of Gosnell Kermit, on trial for murder in April 2013 in Philadelphia
| |
| − | *The banning of [[prayer]] in the classroom.<ref>See, e.g., [[classroom prayer]].</ref>
| |
| − | *The restrictions on sidewalk counseling of women about the harms caused by [[abortion]].
| |
| − | *The removal of [[conservative]] ideas from Wikipedia, for example, Wikipedia has no articles about the ills of atheism<ref>See [[Bias in Wikipedia]].</ref>
| |
| − | *The refusal to report on news that a prominent African American endorsed a [[conservative]] candidate.
| |
| − | *The refusal to expose, in a timely manner, falsehoods published by the [[Communist]] media.
| |
| − | *The rejection of [[pro-life]] advertisements.<ref>See, e.g., "[[Canadian]] City Backpedals on Decision to Censor [[Pro-life]] Bus-shelter Ads." [http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2008/jun/08060506.html]</ref>
| |
| − | *The banning of mention of [[intelligent design]] in school.<ref>See, e.g., [[Expelled:No Intelligence Allowed]].</ref>
| |
| − | *The vandalizing of pro-life displays and conservative websites (including Conservapedia).
| |
| − | *Censorship can also take the form of ostracizing students for expressing [[pro-life]] or other [[conservative]] views.<ref>See, e.g., [[liberals and friendship]].</ref>
| |
| − | *Protesting and disrupting invited conservative speakers on campuses.<ref>[http://www.nysun.com/new-york/at-columbia-students-attack-minuteman-founder/41020/ At Columbia, Students Attack Minuteman Founder] Ny Sun, October 5, 2006</ref>
| |
| − | *Censorship is sometimes based on a misuse of [[copyright]], as in the unsuccessful attempt to censor the movie [[Expelled:No Intelligence Allowed]] about [[intelligent design]].<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7432860.stm</ref>
| |
| − | *The destruction or theft of [[conservative]] newspapers on college campuses.<ref>http://www.thebulletin.us/site/index.cfm?newsid=19383118&BRD=2737&PAG=461&dept_id=576361&rfi=8</ref>
| |
| − | *Censorship of [[conservative]] [[talk radio]] via the [[Fairness Doctrine]].
| |
| − | *[[Internet censorship]] employed by a country, which can include such things as the filtering of anti-government sites in [[China]] or the censoring of [[women's rights]] or anti-[[Islam]] sites in [[Middle East]]ern countries
| |
| − | *Schools banning or using [[placement bias]] to keep students from books such as the [[Bible]], or books critical of the [[theory of evolution]].
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Political censorship involves a government preventing information from reaching its citizens. Perhaps the best-known contemporary example of this is China's censorship of the [[Google]] search engine, known as the "Golden Shield Project", which prevents Google from displaying search results of some human rights websites, websites promoting Tibetan independence, references to the 1989 Tianamen Square protests, and others. A famous example in fiction is George Orwell's novel ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four]]'', in which the main character works as a civil servant in the department responsible for altering or destroying historical information which the government wishes to keep secret. The rationale behind political censorship is that the political party in power can protect itself from revolution if the public is kept uninformed.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The term '''censorship''' derives from ''censor'', the title of the Roman official who conducted the census and supervised public morality.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==The First Amendment and censorship in the U. S.==
| |
| − | In the United States, the [[First Amendment]] states that "Congress shall make no law... abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances." Broadly speaking, the First Amendment is designed to prevent the government from exercising censorship. However, the government sometimes censors political and religious speech anyway, based on ideological grounds.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | More specifically, the government should not exercise "prior restraint." That is, a citizen should not need advance permission from the government in order to publish something, unless it threatens [[national security]]. This does not mean that publication may not have consequences: a citizen can be sued for publishing [[libel]], or incarcerated for disclosing military secrets, but the consequences typically occur ''after'' publication, not before.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Censorship is sometimes applied to prohibit obscenity that goes against common standards of public [[morality]]; under US law the first amendment does not protect material considered legally obscene. The definition of obscenity has and continues to vary, with the current Supreme Court definition being the [[Miller test]]. In practical terms, this allows harmful material such as pornography to be criminalized without violating the First Amendment.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Censorship may also be directed at religious ideas, as in the Saudi Arabian prohibition on preaching Christianity, liberal restrictions on public expressions of religion, or the Roman Catholic Church's now-rescinded ''Index Librorum Prohibitorum''.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Certain language and images that may have been censored in the past are typically common fare in the American media today. On the other hand, while nudity, for example, may be acceptable on mainstream French television, that is much less likely to be accepted on American television and even less acceptable in Islamic countries.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | == Quotes ==
| |
| − | *''All censorships exist to prevent anyone from challenging current conceptions and existing institutions. All progress is initiated by challenging current conceptions, and executed by supplanting existing institutions. Consequently the first condition of progress is the removal of censorship.'' '''[[George Bernard Shaw]]<ref>"The Author's Apology, preface to "Mrs. Warren's Profession."</ref>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==See also==
| |
| − | * [[List of military strategies and concepts]]
| |
| − | ----
| |
| − | * [[Censorability]]
| |
| − | * [[Fairness Doctrine]]
| |
| − | * [[Liberal censorship]]
| |
| − | * [[Muhammad cartoons controversy]]
| |
| − | * [[Evolutionist censorship]]
| |
| − | * [[Tools of censorship]]
| |
| − | * [[Media censorship]]
| |
| − | * [[Mass surveillance]] of [[Big government]] [[ObamaCare]] [[Welfare state]] leads to [[Nanny state]], leads to [[Police state]]: [[Globalist]]-[[Statist]]-[[Socialist]]-[[Communist]]
| |
| − | * [[Liberal totalitarianism]]
| |
| − |
| |
| − | '''Contrast with:'''
| |
| − |
| |
| − | * [[Tails (operating system)]] ([[Linux]]-based) and [[Tor (anonymity network)]]-[[I2P]] [[Firefox]] [[browser]] [[HTTPS Everywhere]] [[encryption]] for [[Internet]] [[anonymity]] to protect [[unalienable rights|unalienable]] [[Fifth Amendment]] - [[Fourth Amendment]] [[Right to Privacy]] ([[Internet privacy]]) and [[Second Amendment]] - [[First Amendment]] rights against [[unconstitutional]] [[Gun control]] - [[Internet censorship]] [[Big government]] [[Police state]], [[hackers]], and "[[5 U.S.C. § 3331|all enemies, foreign and domestic]]" of [[American values|American]] [[liberty]].
| |
| − | * [[Encryption]]: [[Cryptography]]-[[Cryptanalysis]]-[[Cryptology]]-[[Data encryption]]-[[Public-key encryption]]
| |
| − | * [[Conservative values]] and [[Libertarian]] [[American values]] of [[Limited government]] and [[liberty]]
| |
| − |
| |
| − | == References ==
| |
| − | <references/>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | [[Category:Political Terms]]
| |
| − | [[Category:Religion and Politics]]
| |
| − | [[Category:First Amendment]]
| |
| − | [[Category:Liberal Traits]]
| |
| − | [[Category:Police State]]
| |
| − | [[Category:Communism]]
| |
| − | [[Category:Socialism]]
| |
| − | [[Category:Military Strategies and Concepts]]
| |
