'''Rashid Ali al-Gaylani''' (Arabic: رشيد علي الكيلاني; 1892 – August 28, 1965) was an Iraqi politician who served as Prime Minister of [[Iraq]] three times. Gaylani is known for the attempted pro-Nazi coup - rebellion he staged in April 1941, during [[World War II]], during which he took control, with the help of a group of officers led by Salah al-Din al-Sabah, over the government in Iraq, deposed the legal regent Abd al-Ila from his position, and established a pro-[[Nazi]] government who demanded the expulsion of the British from Iraq. The rebellion ended with a British invasion of Iraq and the start of the Anglo-Iraqi war, and the defeat of al-Gaylani and his men. Shortly after the end of his term of office, the Farhud pogrom raged in Baghdad, during which upto some 1,000Jews of Baghdad were brutally murdered, children were thrown into water in front of parents, there were mass rapes. The disturbances came following wild incitement against the Jews by Arabs and Nazis, and the bloodletting that characterized the period of his reign, in which he collaborated with the Nazis, and with the Palestine [[Grand Mufti]] Haj Amin al-Husseini.
In 1933<ref>James. Barrie G. (2012). Hitler's Gulf War: The Fight for Iraq 1941. United Kingdom:Grub Street Publishers, [https://books.google.com/books?id=h8SIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT29]</ref>Grobba purchased a Christian-owned newspaper, "The Arab World" (al-'Alam al-'Arabi - العالم العربي). He serialised an Arabic version of Adolf Hitler's ''Mein Kampf'', and soon, Radio Berlin began to broadcast in Arabic by [[Younes Bahri]].<ref>[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13537121.2024.2318157 Iraq and its Jewish minority: from the establishment of the state to the great Jewish immigration 1921-1951].Moshe Gat]</ref><ref>Sabar, A. (2009). My Father's Paradise: A Son's Search for His Family's Past. United States: Algonquin Books.[https://books.google.com/books?id=qkbb-QjEW8QC&pg=PA63 p. 63]</ref><ref>Benjamin, M. (2008). Last Days in Babylon: The Exile of Iraq's Jews, the Story of My Family. United States: Free Press.[https://books.google.com/books?id=JFHwzjYDjjwC&pg=PA93 p. 93]</ref>Grobba had "built up a network of pro-Nazi agents."<ref>[https://fathomjournal.org/understanding-the-jews-of-the-middle-east-and-north-africa-is-the-key-to-understanding-the-whole-middle-east-conflict-an-interview-with-lyn-julius/ Understanding the Jews of the Middle East and North Africa is the key to understanding the whole Middle East conflict’: an interview with Lyn Julius]. Fathom, Oct 2018</ref> [[File:Mufti-al-Husseni-with-Al-Gaylani.1941.jpg|thumb|Mufti, Mohammed Amin al-Husseini [محمد أمين الحسيني] and Rashid Ali al-Gaylani [رشيد عالي الگيلاني] in 1941, Iraq Arab-Nazi coup. (Younis Bahri first from the left)]]In 1941, there was a brief Arab Pro-[[Nazi]] coup, by the four Iraqi nationalist army generals, known as "the Golden Square," the Mufti, [[Grand Mufti of Jerusalem|Mohammed Amin al-Husseini]] [محمد أمين الحسيني] and Rashid Ali al-Gaylani [رشيد عالي الگيلاني] assisted by al-Muthanna / Futuwwa (modeled on [[Hitler]]-Youth) fascist groups. The coup was later repelled by the Brits. [[File:Farhoud.jpg|thumb|Farhoud]]The Mufti also incited to the infamous ''Farhud'' ([الفرهود] Farhoud) pogrom against Iraqi [[Jews]] on ''Shavuot'', June 1-2, (just before the new government settled in) , carried out by Futuwwa and others including policemen. It came after months of instigation, including by the Mufti and his associates Darwish al-Mikdadi and [[Akram Zuaiter]], portions of ''Mein Kampf'' in Arabic publications and Younis Bahri's Berlin 'voice of Hitler in Arabic' radio broadcasts. It was brutal: "Hundreds of Jews were cut down by sword and rifle, some decapitated. Babies were sliced in half and thrown into the Tigris river. Girls were raped in front of their parents. Parents were mercilessly killed in front of their children."<ref>Black, Edwin. The Farhud: Roots of the Arab-Nazi Alliance in the Holocaust. United States: Dialog Press, 2018. [https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Farhud/SklVwAEACAAJ?hl=en].<br>[https://jewishunpacked.com/farhud-the-nazi-fueled-pogrom-in-iraq-that-led-to-the-jews-leaving-the-country/ The Nazi fueled pogrom in Iraq that led to the Jews leaving the country], JewishUnpacked May 23, 2022.<blockquote>Hundreds of Jews were cut down by sword and rifle, some decapitated. Babies were sliced in half and thrown into the Tigris river. Girls were raped in front of their parents. Parents were mercilessly killed in front of their children. Hundreds of Jewish homes and businesses were looted, then burned.</blockquote></ref> Some estimate Jewish fatalities victims to be up to a 1,000.<ref>Carole Basri, [https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/the-farhud-the-2-stage-ethnic-cleansing-of-iraqi-jewry/ First came the Farhud: The 2-stage ethnic cleansing of Iraqi Jewry], ''TOI'', June 2, 2021.</ref> With [[Yunis al-Sabawi]] planning a greater massacre, foiled. During [[WW2]], senior officials in the Iraqi Ministry of Education, like Sami Shawkat and Fadhil al-Jamali, sustained firm ties with Fritz Grobba and "frustrated an initiative by the Iraqi security services to deport German teachers who were spreading Nazi propaganda in Baghdadi high schools. They also maintained a pro-Nazi nationalist organization."<ref>Yehuda, Zvi. The New Babylonian Diaspora: The Rise and Fall of the Jewish Community in Iraq, 16th-20th Centuries C.E.. Netherlands: Brill, 2017, [https://books.google.com/books?id=NSQzDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA253 p. 253].<blockquote><small>Nuri al-Sa'id, according to Grobba, agreed on the eve of the war to send a delegation from the al-Futuwwa youth organization to Germany in order to participate in a conference of the German Nazi Party. Senior officials in the Iraqi Ministry of Education, such as Sami Shawkat and Fadhil al-Jamali, sustained firm ties with Grobba and frustrated an initiative by the Iraqi security services to deport German teachers who were spreading Nazi propaganda in Baghdadi high schools. They also maintained a pro-Nazi nationalist organization.</small></blockquote></ref> Four days before the Farhud, the infamous [Younis] Yunus Bahri, recruited by Grobba, incited via his broadcast.<ref name=farhud-ec>Edy Cohen, "[https://besacenter.org/farhoud-iraq-remembered/ The Farhoud Remembered]," BESA Center Perspectives Paper No. 484, June 2, 2017.<blockquote><small>EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Seventy-six years after the mass massacre of the Baghdad Jews, in which the then-leader of the Palestinian Arabs, Hajj Amin Husseini, was deeply involved, his heirs to the Palestinian leadership still sustain an anti-Israel and anti-Jewish campaign of racial and political incitement unparalleled in scope and intensity since Nazi Germany...In an attempt to win Arab and Muslim hearts and minds, the first Arab-language Nazi radio station was launched in Berlin prior to the outbreak of the Second World War, broadcasting anti-British, anti-American, anti-Soviet, and particularly anti-Semitic propaganda. It thus helped spread radical anti-Semitism in the Middle East, where it found common ground with the anti-Jewish tendencies in Islam. The messages in the propaganda broadcasts were designed to achieve certain goals, such as winning the Arab population’s sympathy for the Nazis and the Führer; inciting against the British and French presence in the Middle East; stoking Arab national sentiments; and, last but not least, wildly inciting against the Jews, who were accused inter alia of stealing the Arabs’ money and being behind all the Arab world’s woes.This propaganda mill employed many teams of both civilian and military personnel, including writers, translators, academics, and Middle East experts. Among others, the broadcasts featured Arab immigrants and leaders. The mythic broadcaster and director of the Arabic station was the journalist Yunus Bahri, who reached Berlin after fleeing his native Iraq, where he had been sentenced to death for pro-Nazi activity. He was recruited by Grobba and opened his broadcasts with his famous line, “The Arab Lord Haw-Haw, this is Berlin, greetings to the Arabs.”Known for his virulent anti-Semitism, Bahri stated proudly in a memoir he wrote after the war, "I was the first Arab to collaborate with the Nazis." His hatred towards Jews was so intense that he was summoned for a reprimand in Propaganda Minister Goebbels’s office because of his excessively vitriolic attacks on Jews and especially his constant use of the term “Jewish [sic] criminals.”Four days before the Farhoud, Bahri stated on Radio Berlin...</small></blockquote>[https://imagizer.imageshack.com/img905/4076/HrCyUD.png]</ref>=See also=
*[[Fadhel al-Jamali]]
*[[Yunis al-Sabawi]]