View source for Seleucid Empire

== List of Seleucid emperors ==
This list was compiled by French Christian <!-- he was an abbé; short biography:
https://books.google.com.br/books?id=jOY8AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA323&f=false //--> historian Nicolas Lenglet Dufresnoy in his book ''Tablettes chronologiques de l'histoire universelle'' (1745) as the ''Kings of Syria''. It does not include data that was found after the [[cuneiform]] language was rediscovered in the 19th century.<ref> Sources digitalized by [[Google Books]]:
* [https://books.google.com.br/books?id=OvEOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA149&f=false French original]
* [https://books.google.com.br/books?id=61oQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA131&f=false English translation]</ref>

{| class="wikitable" cellpadding=2 cellspacing=2
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! width=22px | # !! width=107px | Emperor !! width=30px | Start !! width=45px | Duration !! width=150px | Notes 
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|align=right| 1 || '''Seleucus [Nicator]'''|| align=right| 312 BC ||align=right| 31 || align=right |Awarded satrapy of [[Babylon]], 321 BC, regained in 312 BC; 301 BC [[Syria]] added to domain, founded [[Antioch]] same year; captured in 285 BC Demetrius (son of Antigonus) who was biographized in [[Plutarch]]'s ''Lives''; was assassinated 281 BC.<ref name=EB1911>"Seleucid Dynasty" (1911). ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' (New York: Encyclopedia Britannica), vol. 24, pp. 603-604.</ref>
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|align=right| 2 || '''Antiochus Soter'''|| align=right| 281 BC ||align=right| 20 || align=right | Half-Persian; called ''Soter'' (savior) for defeating [[Gauls]] in [[Asia Minor]] after 278 BC.
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|align=right| 3 || '''Antiochus II Theos'''|| align=right| 261 BC  ||align=right| 15 || align=right| Second son of Antiochus Soter; son of Stratonice, Macedonian daughter of Demetrius. In 250 BC, divorced his first wife and married Egyptian king Ptolemy III's daughter Berenice; by 246 BC, left her and his infant son to return to his first wife Laodice in Asia Minor, who poisoned him and proclaimed her son Seleucus II Callinicus king, while her partisans captured Berenice and her son back in Antioch.<ref name=EB1911/> 
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|align=right| 4 || '''Seleucus II Callinicus'''|| align=right| 246 BC ||align=right| 20 || 
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|align=right| 5 || '''[[Seleucus III Ceraunos]]'''|| align=right| [[226 BC]] ||align=right| 3 || 
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|align=right| 6 || '''[[Antiochus III The Great]]'''|| align=right| [[223 BC]] ||align=right| 37  || 
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|align=right| 7 || '''Seleucus IV Philopator'''|| align=right| 186 BC  ||align=right| 11  || align=right|Seleucus IV killed in 175 BC<ref>Bevan, E. R. (1930). "Syria and the Jews" from ''The Cambridge Ancient History'', ed. Cook, S. A. et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge UP), vol. 8, p. 495-496</ref><br>
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|align=right| 8 || '''Antiochus IV Epiphanes'''|| align=right| 175 BC ||align=right| 12 || align=right| Conquered Egypt in 169 BC; despoiled Jewish temple in Jerusalem
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|align=right| 9 || '''Antiochus V Eupator'''|| align=right| 163 BC ||align=right| 2 || align=right| Under his guardian Lysias
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|align=right| 10 || '''Demetrius Soter'''|| align=right| 161 BC ||align=right| 11 || align=right|Attacked Israel; later made a league with Jonathan against his successor<ref>Josephus, Flavius (93 A.D.). [https://archive.org/details/genuineworksoffl01jose ''The Antiquities of the Jews''] translated by William Whiston (London: James Cundee, 1806. Reprinted Boston: Samuel Walker, 1849), vol. 1, book 13, ch. 2, pp. 457-458.  Retrieved from Internet Archive website.</ref> 
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|align=right| 11 || '''[[Alexander Bala]]'''|| align=right| [[150 BC]] ||align=right| 5 || 
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|align=right| 12 || '''[[Demetrius II Nicator]]'''|| align=right| [[145 BC]] || align=right|1 || 
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|align=right| 13 || '''[[Antiochus, son of Bala]]'''|| align=right| [[144 BC]] ||align=right| 2 || 
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|align=right| 14 || '''[[Diodotus Tryphon]]'''|| align=right| [[142 BC]] ||align=right| 4 || 
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|align=right| 15 || '''[[Antiochus VII Sidetes]]'''|| align=right| [[138 BC]] ||align=right| 9 || 
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|align=right| 12 || '''[[Demetrius II Nicator]]'''|| align=right| [[130 BC]] ||align=right| 4 || align=right| Restored
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|align=right| 16 || '''[[Alexander Zabynas]]'''|| align=right| [[128 BC]] ||align=right| - || align=right|The tyrant
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|align=right| 17 || '''[[Seleucus V]]'''|| align=right| [[126 BC]] ||align=right|  1 || 
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|align=right| 18 || '''[[Antiochus VIII Grypus]]'''|| align=right| [[125 BC]]||align=right| 12  || 
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|align=right| 19 || '''[[Antiochus IX from Cyzicus]]'''|| align=right| [[113 BC]] || align=right|18  || 
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|align=right| 20|| '''[[Seleucus VI]]'''|| align=right| [[96 BC]] ||align=right| 2  || align=right|Son of Grypus
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|align=right| 21 || '''[[Antiochus X]]'''|| align=right| [[94 BC]] ||align=right| 1  || align=right|Son of Cyzicus (''sic'')
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|align=right|  || '''[[Antíoco XI]]'''|| align=right| [[93 BC]] ||  || align=right| not included as king
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|align=right| 22 || '''Phillip''', '''[[Demetrius III]]''', '''[[Antiochus XII]]'''|| align=right| [[92 BC]] ||  ||align=right| in war
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|align=right| 23 || '''[[Tigranes, the Great|Tigranes]]'''|| align=right| [[83 BC]] ||align=right| 18  || [[66 BC]]: Tigranes was defeated by the Romans
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|align=right| 24 || '''[[Antiochus XII]]'''|| align=right| [[69 BC]] ||  || 
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In 63 BC, Syria becomes a [[Roman province]].