| − | '''Prussia''' was a former [[Germany|German]] state in eastern Europe dating back to the union of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg (with its capital [[Berlin]]) in 1618. It became a kingdom in 1701, and by military prowess became a major power under [[Frederick the Great]]. It expanded rapidly, winning new territory after each major war. Later, under Chancellor [[Otto von Bismark]] Prussia defeated [[Denmark]], [[Austria]] and [[France]], and in 1871 it became the core of a new German empire. It included East Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia, a large part of Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein, Hannover, Westphalia, Hesse-Nassau, the Rhine Province, and the Hohenzollern Lands in southwest Germany. The total area was 113,000 square miles (293,000 sq km), second in Europe in size and population only to [[Russia]]. The Hohenzollern family ruled the Prussian lands from the 11th century to 1918. | + | '''Prussia''' was a former [[Germany|German]] state in eastern Europe dating back to the union of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg (with its capital [[Berlin]]) in 1618. It became a kingdom in 1701, and by military prowess became a major power under [[Frederick the Great]]. It expanded rapidly, winning new territory after each major war. Later, under Chancellor [[Otto von Bismarck]] Prussia defeated [[Denmark]], [[Austria]] and [[France]], and in 1871 it became the core of a new German empire. It included East Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia, a large part of Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein, Hannover, Westphalia, Hesse-Nassau, the Rhine Province, and the Hohenzollern Lands in southwest Germany. The total area was 113,000 square miles (293,000 sq km), second in Europe in size and population only to [[Russia]]. The Hohenzollern family ruled the Prussian lands from the 11th century to 1918. |
| − | The Prussian king became the German Kaiser (emperor). Bismark became Chancellor. He and other Protestant Prussians dominated the new Germany, and began a [[Kulturkampf]] ("culture war") against the Catholics in Germany. | + | The Prussian king became the German Kaiser (emperor). Bismarck became Chancellor. He and other Protestant Prussians dominated the new Germany, and began a [[Kulturkampf]] ("culture war") against the Catholics in Germany. |
| | Prussia was long synonymous with militarism (military control of the government) and a very high degree of military professionalism. Dominating politics were the rich landowners in the east known as "Junkers." The Junkers supported rapid industrialization in order to support a strong army and navy. | | Prussia was long synonymous with militarism (military control of the government) and a very high degree of military professionalism. Dominating politics were the rich landowners in the east known as "Junkers." The Junkers supported rapid industrialization in order to support a strong army and navy. |