In a context of biological [[evolution]], Pope [[John Paul II]] wrote:
In a context of biological [[evolution]], Pope [[John Paul II]] wrote:
{{QuoteBox|A theory is a metascientific elaboration, distinct from the results of observation but consistent with them. By means of it a series of independent data and facts can be related and interpreted in a unified explanation. A theory's validity depends on whether or not it can be verified, it is constantly tested against the facts; wherever it can no longer explain the latter, it shows its limitations and unsuitability. It must then be rethought. <ref>Pope John Paul II, [http://www.cin.org/jp2evolu.html Message to Pontifical Academy of Sciences] October 22, 1996.</ref>}}
{{QuoteBox|A theory is a metascientific elaboration, distinct from the results of observation but consistent with them. By means of it a series of independent data and facts can be related and interpreted in a unified explanation. A theory's validity depends on whether or not it can be verified, it is constantly tested against the facts; wherever it can no longer explain the latter, it shows its limitations and unsuitability. It must then be rethought. <ref>Pope John Paul II, [http://www.cin.org/jp2evolu.html Message to Pontifical Academy of Sciences] October 22, 1996.</ref>}}
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If a theory or point of view is treated only as doctrine to be validated, and not one to be challenged, it is not within the realm of science.<ref>{{cite book
The term "theory" is often used outside of the realm of [[natural science]], such as in [[music theory]], [[number theory]], [[game theory]], or [[Marxism|Marxist theory]]. In this usage, theory is used to refer to an area of study.
The term "theory" is often used outside of the realm of [[natural science]], such as in [[music theory]], [[number theory]], [[game theory]], or [[Marxism|Marxist theory]]. In this usage, theory is used to refer to an area of study.