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| | The '''ideal gas law''', is an [[equation of state]] for an ideal gas. It combines three [[gas]] laws ([[Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures|Dalton's Law]], [[Boyle's Law]] and [[Charles' Law]]) into one equation: | | The '''ideal gas law''', is an [[equation of state]] for an ideal gas. It combines three [[gas]] laws ([[Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures|Dalton's Law]], [[Boyle's Law]] and [[Charles' Law]]) into one equation: |
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| − | :PV = nRT | + | :<math>PV = nRT</math> |
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| | where | | where |
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| − | *P is the [[pressure]] of gas; | + | *''P'' is the [[pressure]] of gas; |
| − | *V the [[volume]] the gas occupies; | + | *''V'' the [[volume]] the gas occupies; |
| − | *T the absolute [[temperature]] (meaning it must be in [[Kelvin]] or [[Rankine]]); | + | *''T'' the absolute [[temperature]] (meaning it must be in [[Kelvin]] or [[Rankine]]); |
| − | *n is the number of [[Mole (chemistry)|moles]] of the gas occupying the volume V; | + | *''n'' is the number of [[Mole (chemistry)|moles]] of the gas occupying the volume V; |
| − | *R is the [[gas constant]]. | + | *''R'' is the [[gas constant]]. |
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| | The gas constant can be expressed in any number of units, but the most common representations are <math>0.0821\,L \cdot atm \cdot mole^{-1} \cdot K^{-1}</math> or <math>8.314\,J \cdot mole^{-1} \cdot K^{-1}</math> | | The gas constant can be expressed in any number of units, but the most common representations are <math>0.0821\,L \cdot atm \cdot mole^{-1} \cdot K^{-1}</math> or <math>8.314\,J \cdot mole^{-1} \cdot K^{-1}</math> |
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| | Since this is just a model, real gases only obey the ideal gas law approximately, not perfectly. Generally, the ideal gas assumption is accurate for unreactive gases at high temperature and/or low pressure. A good rule of thumb is that the assumption can be used above room temperature and below 1 [[atmosphere]] of pressure. | | Since this is just a model, real gases only obey the ideal gas law approximately, not perfectly. Generally, the ideal gas assumption is accurate for unreactive gases at high temperature and/or low pressure. A good rule of thumb is that the assumption can be used above room temperature and below 1 [[atmosphere]] of pressure. |
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| − | ==density== | + | ==Density== |
| − | With the molar mass (M), the ideal gas law can be used to calculate the [[density]] of a gas, d. | + | With the molar mass (''MÄÄ), the ideal gas law can be used to calculate the [[density]] of a gas, ''d''. |
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| − | PM=dRT | + | :<math>PM=dRT</math> |
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| | [[category:physics]] | | [[category:physics]] |
| | [[category:Chemistry Laws and Principles]] | | [[category:Chemistry Laws and Principles]] |