Difference between revisions of "Virginia"

Revision as of 07:02, April 19, 2007

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-[[Image:11121.gif|thumb|right|The state flag of Virginia.]]
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-'''Virginia''', so named in honor  of the "virgin queen" of England, [[Queen Elizabeth I]], was nicknamed the ''Old Dominion'' by King Charles II because Virginia remained loyal to the crown during the [[English Civil War]] and throughout Cromwell's years. Formally known as the Commonwealth of Virginia, this commonwealth was one of the first [[colony|colonies]] in [[North America]] in the 1600s and joined the [[United States of America]] in 1788.
-Originally, roughly one-third of the federal city at [[Washington D.C.]] was on the Virginia side of the Potomac, but in 1847 this territory reverted back to Virginia. However, because of Virginia's proximity to [[Washington D.C.]], Virginia is the home to many important government buildings and agencies such as [[the Pentagon]], [[Arlington National Cemetary]] and the [[U.S. Patent and Trade Office]].
-==Mother of Presidents==
-Virginia is often called the ''Mother of Presidents'' or ''Birthplace of Presidents'' because eight U.S. Presidents have been born in Virgina. Four of the first five presidents, [[George Washington]], [[Thomas Jefferson]], [[James Madison]], and [[James Monroe]], were Virginians. The remaining Presidents from Virginia are [[William Henry Harrison]], [[John Tyler]], [[Zachary Taylor]], and [[Woodrow Wilson]]. Many of their Virginia homes such as [[Monticello]] and [[Mount_Vernon| Mount Vernon]] are popular tourist destinations.<ref>http://www.virginia.org/site/features.asp?featureID=94</ref>
-==Five Geological Regions of Virginia==
-Virginia is commonly divided into five geological regions, Tidewater, Piedmont, Blue Ridge, Valley and Ridge and the Applachia Plateau. There are no formal lines demarking these regions and any political boundaries, such as county or city boundaries are coincidental. However, these regions have identifiable geology which differentiates them.
-===Fall Line===
-The ''Fall Line'' is so named because it demarks a line where many waterfalls occur in Virginia Rivers. Below the Fall Line most rivers, such as the James and Potomac and Rappahannok, are broad, deep and gentle, but above the Fall Line the rivers are rockier and swifter. Below the Fall Line rivers are navigable by ocean-going vessels. Above the Fall Line canoes and flat boats are the only means to navigate most rivers.
-Because of this the C&O Canal (Chesapeake and Ohio Canal) was constructed above the Fall Line. The goal was to unite the Chesapeake Bay with the Ohio River system the way the Erie Canal had opened up the Great Lakes below Niagara.  Many important Virginia cities such as Alexandria, Richmond and Petersburg are just below the Fall Line.
-===Tidewater===
-The Tidewater or "Coastal Plain" of Virginia is bounded on the east by the Atlantic Ocean and on the west by the ''Fall Line''.
-The Tidewater Region was the first region of Virginia to be settled by Europeans, and is home to many of the oldest English settlements in North America, such as [[Jamestown]]. The dominant geographical feature of the region is the [[Chesapeake_Bay | Chesapeake Bay]]. Rivers in the region rise and fall with the tides because they flow into the Chesapeake or other salt-water bays. Major ports such as [[Norfolk]] or [[Newport News]] are found in the region as are historical port cities such as the tobacco ports of Alexandria and Yorktown are found on the Coastal Plain. The British surrender at [[Yorktown]] was considered a tipping point in the [[Revolutionary War]].
-===Piedmont===
-Above the Fall Line are the foothills of the [[Applachian]] and the region whose name means "foot mountain". The Piedmont is rockier and higher than the coastal plain of the Tidewater. The Piedmont was settled by English pioneers in the earliest days of colonial America and later by African slaves who worked the plantations of the region. Tobacco and corn are still an important part of the Piedmont economy.  Scenic and historic cities such as [[Charlottesville]] and [[Lynchburg]] are two important Piedmont cities. The famed [[Appomattox]] courthouse is in the Piedmont.
-===Blue Ridge===
-The Blue Ridge is a range of mountains rise up above the Piedmont and mark the point where the Applachian Mountains rise up above the Piedmont. The [[Shenandoah National Park]] and the [[Skyline Drive]] are Blue Ridge tourist destinations. Apples orchards are common in this region, but the industry is not as vibrant as it was historically. [[http://www.whitehousefoods.com/ | White House Foods]], a major apple juicer and product packager, draws many of its apples from this region. Cities are uncommon, perhaps unknown in this region, but "mountain people" inhabited much of the highlands before they were converted to parks.  Mountain people, sometimes called ''hill-billies'', had a unique culture devoted to life in the highland. <ref>Memories of a Lewis Mountain Man by John W. Stoneberger published by Potomac Appalachian Trail Club</ref><ref>http://www.patc.net/store/PC320.htm</ref>
-===Valley and Ridge===
-Beyond the Blue Ridge is the ''Valley and Ridge Region''. Perhaps the most famous part of the Valley and Ridge Region west of the Blue Ridge is the Shenandoah Valley. Stonewall Jackson's Valley campaign was fought throughout this region.  Cities in this region developed in proximity to the early railroad system, and this figured into the strategy of the [[American Civil War | War Between the States]]. Manassas, Harrisonburg and Roanoke are important cities in this region.
-===Appalachian Plateau===
-The southwest corner of Virginia between [[West Virginia]] and [[Tennessee]] makes up Virginia's Appalachian Plateau. The region is similar geographically to West Virginia with rugged terrain not well-suited to the development of large cities. Coal mining is an important industry in this part of Virginia.
-==Regions, Counties and Cities==
-Virginia has evolved into several different cultural regions which have very divergent economic interests, lifestyle goals and ways of life.  Northern Virginia is one of the wealthiest, best educated and most developed parts of the United States and thus the entire world. Traffic congestion is a common problem and the Metro (subway system) aids commuters into and out of Washington D.C., Arlington and Alexandria. High technology industries and U.S. government jobs are leading employers in this region. Southwestern Virginia is mountainous with coal mining and few other industries. The Virginia Beach/Norfolk Region is home to several major military installations and ship-building foundries. Central Virginia is dominated by mid-sized cities with disproportionate political strength such as Richmond. The [[Chesapeake Bay]] seperates the Eastern Shore of Virgina from the rest of Virgina. The Eastern Shore is the Virginia portion of the [[Delmarva Pennisula]] and is sparsely populated flat and sandy.
-Virginia is organized into a system of counties and independent cities. Towns are incorporated in counties, and towns have the power to levy taxes in addition to those imposed by the county. Arlington is organized as a county, but there are no towns in the county limits, and for all practical purposes, Arlington is a city.
-===Cities===
-* Alexandria
-* Bedford
-* Bridgewater
-* Chesapeake
-* Fairfax City
-* Falls Church
-* Fredericksburg
-* Hampton
-* Hampton Roads Region
-* Manassas
-* Petersburg
-* Richmond
-* Roanoke
-* Staunton
-* Tangiers Island
-* Williamsburg
-* Winchester
-===Counties===
-* Amherst County
-* Arlington County
-* Augusta County
-* Caroline County
-* Charles City County
-* Chesterfield County
-* Clark County
-* Culpeper County
-* Fairfax County
-* Fauquier County
-* Fluvanna County
-* Greene County
-* Halifax County
-* Henrico County
-* King George County
-* Loudoun County
-* Louisa County
-* Madison County
-* Montgomery County
-* Orange County
-* Prince William County
-* Rockingham County
-* Spotsylvania County
-* Stafford County
-==Flag, Seal and Official Symbols & Emblems==
-The unofficial motto and tourist marketing slogan of the Commmonwealth is ''Virginia is for Lovers'' but the official State Motto is ''Sic Semper Tyrannis'', a Latin phrase meaning "Thus Always to Tyrants". <ref>http://www.state.va.us/cmsportal2/facts_and_history_4096/facts_4104/trivia_facts.html</ref>
-The front of the Great Seal of Virginia (called the obverse) features the Roman goddess Virtus standing over a defeated opponent. Virtus wears a blue tunic exposing her left breast. One arm rests on a spear, the other carries a sheathed sword. This goddess stands in a triumpant victor's with one foot on the chest of a fallen tyrant, whose crown lies at Virtus' feet. ''Sic Semper Tyrannis'' arches at the bottom the image and "Virginia" symetrically arches above Virtus. <ref>http://www.netstate.com/states/symb/seals/va_seal.htm</ref> The reverse (or back side) of the Seal features the Latin word ''Perseverando'' (Persevering) and a depiction of three robed Roman godesses figures who represent Libertas, Ceres and Aeternitas.    Ceres the goddes of agriculture holds a horn of plenty with other symbols of agricultural bounty. In the center of the reverse, Libertas, the goddess of liberty, holds a wand at the top of the wand hangs a Phrygian Cap, also known as a Liberty Cap. To the right of Libertas is Aeternitas or "Eternity" holding a orb representing Virginia's authority.
-<ref>http://legis.state.va.us/cap_class/4-5/4_5_emb_symb.html#Emblems</ref>
-Virginia's flag features the Great Seal of the Commonwealth on white center over a field of royal blue. Many web images depict a light blue flag, but the actual flag is a rich purplish blue. The General Assembly adopted an official flag salute in 1954:
-::''I salute the flag of Virginia, with reverence and patriotic devotion to the ‘Mother of States and Statesmen,’ which it represents—the ‘Old Dominion,’ where liberty and independence were born.''<ref>http://legis.state.va.us/cap_class/4-5/4_5_emb_symb.html#Emblems</ref>
-The cardinal and the dogwood petal are among Virginia's most well-known emblems, but Virginia's has many emblems:
-* State Bat: Virginia Big Eared Bat (an endangered species)
-* State Beverage: Milk
-* State Bird: northern cardinal
-* State Boat: Chesapeake Bay Deadrise
-* State Dog: American Foxhound
-* State Dance: Square Dance (Virginia Reel)
-* State Fish: Brook Trout
-* State Flower (and tree): American Dogwood
-* State Fossil: Chesapeten Jeffersonius
-* State Insect: Tiger Swallowtail Butterfly
-* State Shell: Oyster Shell <ref>http://legis.state.va.us/cap_class/4-5/4_5_emb_symb.html#Emblems</ref>
-==Transportation==
-Virginia is well served by the [[Interstate Highway System]] including at least two of the busiest highways on the Eastern Coast of the US, I-81 and I-95. Interstate 81 is popular with tractor-trailers, while 95 is a popular tourist highway. The famed [[Beltway]] (I-495) surrounds Washington DC by looping through Northern Virginia. Richmond is served by I-95 and a beltway looping off I-64. Rail lines are not as busy as they were historically, but important coal lines still make their way through the Valley and Ridge Region of Virginia. [[Amtrak]] lines Richmond and Alexandria to the cities in the Eastern US. Dulles International is one of the busiest airports in the US and the Northern Virginia area is also served by Ronald Reagan National Airport. Norfolk Virginia is one of the largest ports on the East Coast. The Virginia Inland Port in Front Royal Virginia is linked by rail line to Norfolk.
-==History==
-Before Europeans arrived, there were three main groups of [[American Indians]] living in the area now covered by Virginia. These were the [[Algonquian]], [[Iroquoian]] (including [[Cherokee]], [[Meherrin]] and [[Nottoway]]) and the [[Siouan]] Indians.<ref>http://oncampus.richmond.edu/academics/education/projects/webunits/vahistory/tribes.html accessed 10 March 2007</ref>
-Spanish explorers visited parts of what is now Virginia in 1560 and again in 1570 when [[Jesuit]] missionaries attempted to set up a mission. Within a year, instead of converting the Indians to Christianity, they had been killed by the Indians.<ref>''[http://www.seattlecatholic.com/article_20030830.html Spanish Martyrs for Virginia]'' by Matthew M. Anger (30 August 2003), accessed 10 March 2007</ref>
-Sir [[Walter Raleigh]] led an English exploration party in 1584. A group of men from England invested in a Joint Stock Company called "The Virginia Company" to find gold and other treasures. The company was granted lands in 1606 from what is now [[North Carolina]] to [[New York]], all under the name of "Virginia" after [[Queen Elizabeth I]] (known as the "Virgin Queen" as she never married). It established the first permanent settlement for England known as [[Jamestown]].<ref>[http://www.historyisfun.org/jamestown/jamestown.cfm Jamestown Settlement], accessed 10 March 2007</ref>
-Virginia declared independence from Britain in 1776 and became one of the original thirteen states of the United States.
-From 1860 to 1865, Virginia was one of the [[Confederate States of America]] and as a result many counties in western Virginia seceded from Virginia and formed the state of [[West Virginia]].  The capital of the Confederacy was in Richmond, the capital of Virginia. The eastern front of the [[American Civil War]] was largely fought in Virginia, namely the Shenandoah Valley.
-==References==
-<references/>
-[[Category:US state]]

Difference between revisions of "Virginia"

Revision as of 07:02, April 19, 2007

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