Changes

The final dynasty was an early attempt at representative government by Guo Wei. However, after his death his adopted son Chai Rong restructured the dynasty into a traditional imperial form. The dynasty encouraged education, setting the stage for the following Song dynasty.

The final dynasty was an early attempt at representative government by Guo Wei. However, after his death his adopted son Chai Rong restructured the dynasty into a traditional imperial form. The dynasty encouraged education, setting the stage for the following Song dynasty.

==Kingdoms==

==Ten Kingdoms==

===Wuyue, Chu, Jingnan===

===Wuyue, Chu, Jingnan===

Historical accounts suggest that these kingdoms were non-Chinese, possibly Turkic or even Arab. [[Islam]] likely entered China through these states, as indicated by the presence of Muslim religious items.

Historical accounts suggest that these kingdoms were non-Chinese, possibly Turkic or even Arab. [[Islam]] likely entered China through these states, as indicated by the presence of Muslim religious items.

===Northern and Southern Han===

===Northern and Southern Han===

Relatives of Liu Zhiyuan founded these states. Despite the weakness of the Later Han, these two states lasted a long time, with the Northern Han still standing well into the Song Dynasty.

Relatives of Liu Zhiyuan founded these states. Despite the weakness of the Later Han, these two states lasted a long time, with the Northern Han still standing well into the Song Dynasty.