"Suffering" is the most common English translation of ''dukkha'', but it is inadequate and misleading. A better rendering would be "unsatisfactoriness": the fact that human life never provides complete and lasting satisfaction of physical, mental and emotional needs and desires. Thus, even pleasant things, experiences that are certainly not suffering, are ''dukkha'' because they are temporary. ''Dukkha'' does not just characterize the human condition; it ''is'' the human condition. | "Suffering" is the most common English translation of ''dukkha'', but it is inadequate and misleading. A better rendering would be "unsatisfactoriness": the fact that human life never provides complete and lasting satisfaction of physical, mental and emotional needs and desires. Thus, even pleasant things, experiences that are certainly not suffering, are ''dukkha'' because they are temporary. ''Dukkha'' does not just characterize the human condition; it ''is'' the human condition. |