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!align ="center" style="color: white; height: 30px; background: gray no-repeat scroll top left;"|Career

!align ="center" style="color: white; height: 30px; background: gray no-repeat scroll top left;"|Career

!align ="center" style="color: white; height: 30px; background: gray no-repeat scroll top left;"|[[Image:Conf Navy Jack.png|48px|Confederate States Navy Jack]]

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| 38 ft 6 in  

| 38 ft 6 in  

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| 24 ft 3 in

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'''CSS ''Virginia''''' was an ironclad warship in the service of the Confederate States Navy which fought in the [[Battle of Hampton Roads]], March 8-9, 1862 during the [[American Civil War]].  Previously, she was a steam-sail frigate named USS ''Merrimack'', and still referred to by that name today.

'''CSS ''Virginia''''' was an ironclad warship in the service of the Confederate States Navy which fought in history's first engagement between iron-armored warships: the [[Battle of Hampton Roads]], March 8–9, 1862 during the [[American Civil War]].  Previously, she was a steam-sail frigate named USS ''Merrimack'', and still referred to by that name today.

==Service as USS ''Merrimack''==

==Service as USS ''Merrimack''==

''Virginia'' began life as the second ship of the [[United States Navy]] named ''Merrimack'', and was launched by the Boston Navy Yard 15 June 1855, and commissioned 20 February 1856, Capt. Garrett J. Pendergrast in command.

''Virginia'' began life as the second ship of the [[United States Navy]] named ''Merrimack'', and was launched by the Boston Navy Yard 15 June 1855, and commissioned 20 February 1856, Capt. Garrett J. Pendergrast in command.

Shakedown took the new screw frigate to the Caribbean and to western Europe. ''Merrimack'' visited Southhampton, Brest, Lisbon, and Toulon before returning to [[Boston]] and decommissioning 22 April 1857 for repairs. Recommissioning 1 September 1857, ''Merrimack'' gotunderway from Boston Harbor 17 October as flagship for the Pacific Squadron. She rounded [[Cape Horn]] and cruised the Pacific coast of South and Central America until heading for home 14 November 1859. Upon returning to Norfolk, she decommissioned 16 February 1860.  

Shakedown took the new screw frigate to the Caribbean and to western Europe. ''Merrimack'' visited Southhampton, Brest, Lisbon, and Toulon before returning to [[Boston]] and decommissioning 22 April 1857 for repairs. Recommissioning 1 September 1857, ''Merrimack'' got underway from Boston Harbor 17 October as flagship for the Pacific Squadron. She rounded [[Cape Horn]] and cruised the Pacific coast of South and Central America until heading for home 14 November 1859. Upon returning to Norfolk, she decommissioned 16 February 1860.  

''Merrimack'' was still in ordinary during the crisis preceding [[Abraham Lincoln]]’s inauguration. Soon after becoming Secretary of the Navy, [[Gideon Welles]] took action to prepare the frigate for sea, planning to move her to Philadelphia. The day before the firing on Fort Sumter, Welles directed that “great vigilance be exercised in guarding and protecting” Norfolk Navy Yard and her ships. On the afternoon of 17 April, the day [[Virginia]] seceeded, Engineer in Chief B. F. Isherwood managed to get the frigate’s engines lit off; but the previous night seccessionists had sunk lightboats in the channel between Craney Island and Sewell’s Point, blocking ''Merrimack''. On the 20th, before evacuating the Navy Yard, the U.S. Navy burned ''Merrimack'' to the waterline and sank her to preclude capture.  

''Merrimack'' was still in ordinary during the crisis preceding [[Abraham Lincoln]]’s inauguration. Soon after becoming Secretary of the Navy, [[Gideon Welles]] took action to prepare the frigate for sea, planning to move her to Philadelphia. The day before the firing on Fort Sumter, Welles directed that “great vigilance be exercised in guarding and protecting” Norfolk Navy Yard and her ships. On the afternoon of 17 April, the day [[Virginia]] seceded, Engineer in Chief B. F. Isherwood managed to get the frigate’s engines lit off; but the previous night secessionists had sunk lightboats in the channel between Craney Island and Sewell’s Point, blocking ''Merrimack''. On the 20th, before evacuating the Navy Yard, the U.S. Navy burned ''Merrimack'' to the waterline and sank her to preclude capture.  

==Conversion to an ironclad==

==Conversion to an ironclad==

The Confederates, in desperate need of ships, raised ''Merrimack'' and rebuilt her as an ironclad ram, according to a design prepared by Lt. J. M. Brooke, CSN. Commissioned as CSS ''Virginia'' on 17 February 1862, the ironclad was the hope of the Confederacy to destroy the wooden ships in Hampton Roads and to end the Union blockade which had already seriously hurt the South.  

The Confederates, in desperate need of ships, raised ''Merrimack'' and rebuilt her as an ironclad ram, according to a design prepared by Lt. J. M. Brooke, CSN. Commissioned as CSS ''Virginia'' on 17 February 1862, the ironclad was the hope of the Confederacy to destroy the wooden ships in Hampton Roads and to end the Union blockade which had already seriously hurt the South.  

''Virginia'' then turned her attention to ''Congress'', which had grounded. Assisted by the lighter ships of the South’s James River Squadron, ''Virginia'' opened fire from a distance, forcing ''Congress'' to haul down her colors. As CSS ''Beaufort'' and ''Raleigh'' approached ''Congress'' to receive the surrender of her crew, Federal troops ashore, not understanding the situation, opened a withering fire and wounded Buchanan, who retaliated by ordering hot shot and incendiary shell to be pored into ''Congress''. The latter, ablaze and unable to bring a single gun to bear, hauled down her flag for the last time. She continued to burn until exploding about midnight.

''Virginia'' then turned her attention to ''Congress'', which had grounded. Assisted by the lighter ships of the South’s James River Squadron, ''Virginia'' opened fire from a distance, forcing ''Congress'' to haul down her colors. As CSS ''Beaufort'' and ''Raleigh'' approached ''Congress'' to receive the surrender of her crew, Federal troops ashore, not understanding the situation, opened a withering fire and wounded Buchanan, who retaliated by ordering hot shot and incendiary shell to be pored into ''Congress''. The latter, ablaze and unable to bring a single gun to bear, hauled down her flag for the last time. She continued to burn until exploding about midnight.

''Virginia'' did not emerge unscathed. Her stack was riddled causing loss of power and she was initially underpowered. Two large guns were out of order, her armor loosened and her ram lost. Nevertheless, she went on to attack USS ''Minnesota'', but shallow water prevented her getting close enough to do her former sister frigate serious damage. ''Virginia'' anchored that night at Sewell’s Point for repairs. Flag Officer Buchanan was taken ashore to the hospital and Lt. Catesby ap R. Jones, CSN, who had conned the ironclad after Buchanan had been wounded, assumed command.  

''Virginia'' did not emerge unscathed. Her stack was riddled causing loss of power and she was initially underpowered. Two large guns were out of order, her armor loosened and her ram lost. Nevertheless, she went on to attack USS ''Minnesota'', but shallow water prevented her getting close enough to do her former sister frigate serious damage. ''Virginia'' anchored that night at Sewell’s Point for repairs. Flag Officer Buchanan was taken ashore to the hospital and Lt. Catesby ap R. Jones, CSN, who had conned the ironclad after Buchanan had been wounded, assumed command.

==Battle with the ''Monitor''==

==Battle with the ''Monitor''==

==Final month==

==Final month==

''Virginia'' returned to Hampton Roads 11 April; under her protection CSS ''Jamestown'' and CSS ''Raleigh'' captured three Union transports. Strategic considerations precluded a second ''Monitor‑Virginia'' duel. ''Monitor’s'' mission was to contain ''Virginia'' in support of General [[George B. McClellan]]’s campaign on the peninsula, and ''Virginia'' safeguarded the important Norfolk area and the mouth of the James River. When forced to evacuate Norfolk, the Confederates tried to take ''Virginia'' up the James River, but her deep draft prevented it, so they destroyed her 11 May 1862.

''Virginia'' returned to Hampton Roads 11 April; under her protection CSS ''Jamestown'' and CSS ''Raleigh'' captured three Union transports. Strategic considerations precluded a second ''Monitor‑Virginia'' duel. ''Monitor’s'' mission was to contain ''Virginia'' in support of General [[George B. McClellan]]’s campaign on the peninsula, and ''Virginia'' safeguarded the important Norfolk area and the mouth of the James River. When forced to evacuate Norfolk, the Confederates tried to take ''Virginia'' up the James River, but her deep draft prevented it, so they destroyed her 11 May 1862.

[[Category:Warships]]

[[Category:United States Navy]]

[[Category:Confederate States Navy]]

[[Category:Confederate States Navy]]