Changes

==Chekist==

==Chekist==

===Murder of Juliet Poyntz===

===Murder of Juliet Poyntz===

Jacob Golos was the "main pillar" of the [[NKVD]] intelligence network.  He had worked with Soviet intelligence from the mid 1930s, and probably earlier.  He was not merely a CPUSA official assisting the NKVD (an agent or “probationer” in Soviet intelligence parlance) but held official rank in the NKVD, and claimed to be a an oldtime ''[[Chekist]]''.  Golos headed the Central Control Commission (discipline) which planned the execution of [[Juliet Poyntz]], an American defector from the [[GRU]]. <ref>Anthony Cave Brown and Charles B. MacDonald, ''On a Field of Red'', New York: G. P.  

Jacob Golos was the "main pillar" of the [[NKVD]] intelligence network.  He had worked with Soviet intelligence from the mid 1930s, and probably earlier.  He was not merely a CPUSA official assisting the NKVD (an agent or “probationer” in Soviet intelligence parlance) but held official rank in the NKVD, and claimed to be a an oldtime ''[[Chekist]]''.  Golos headed the Central Control Commission (discipline) which planned the execution of [[Juliet Poyntz]], an American defector from the [[GRU]].<ref>Anthony Cave Brown and Charles B. MacDonald, ''On a Field of Red'', New York: G. P.  

Putnam's Sons, 1981, p. 345. </ref>

Putnam's Sons, 1981, p. 345.</ref>

The code name "Sound" appears in the [[Venona]] decryptions as a Soviet source and was identified as Jacob Golos.  The reference to Golos in the Venona decrypts as an “illegal colleague” corroborates [[Elizabeth Bentley]]'s testimony.  The term “nelegal’ny sotrudnik” can be translated as  “illegal colleague,” “illegal associate” or “illegal operative,” was Soviet espionage terminology for a Soviet officer or professional agent who operated without the protection of diplomatic or official status with a Soviet embassy, consulate or agency and usually with false documents.  Soviet officers with the latter status were said to be “legal.”  Golos worked for the Society for Technical Aid to Soviet Russia. Cover name "Zvuk" ("Sound") is from Latin "Vox", or "Voice".

The code name "Sound" appears in the [[Venona]] decryptions as a Soviet source and was identified as Jacob Golos.  The reference to Golos in the Venona decrypts as an “illegal colleague” corroborates [[Elizabeth Bentley]]'s testimony.  The term “nelegal’ny sotrudnik” can be translated as  “illegal colleague,” “illegal associate” or “illegal operative,” was Soviet espionage terminology for a Soviet officer or professional agent who operated without the protection of diplomatic or official status with a Soviet embassy, consulate or agency and usually with false documents.  Soviet officers with the latter status were said to be “legal.”  Golos worked for the Society for Technical Aid to Soviet Russia. Cover name "Zvuk" ("Sound") is from Latin "Vox", or "Voice".

Golos established a company called World Tourists with money from [[Earl Browder]], General Secretary of the CPUSA, which posed as a travel agency was used to facilitate international travel to and from the United States by Soviet agents and CPUSA members. World Tourists was also involved in manufacturing fake passports.  Golos met frequently [[Bernard Schuster]] at World Tourist.  In March of 1940, Golos plead guilty to being an unregistered foreign agent and paid a $500 fine and served probation rather than a four month sentence.

Golos established a company called World Tourists with money from [[Earl Browder]], General Secretary of the CPUSA, which posed as a travel agency was used to facilitate international travel to and from the United States by Soviet agents and CPUSA members. World Tourists was also involved in manufacturing fake passports.  Golos met frequently [[Bernard Schuster]] at World Tourist.  In March 1940, Golos plead guilty to being an unregistered foreign agent and paid a $500 fine and served probation rather than a four month sentence.

Soviet intelligence did not like Golos refusal to allow Soviet contact with his sources. The NKVD suspected Golos of Trotskyism and tried to lure him to Moscow, where he could be arrested. The US government got to him first, prosecuting him in 1940 for being an unregistered foreign agent. But even then, he would not surrender his agents.  After Earl Browder went to prison in 1940 Golos took over running Browder's agents.

Soviet intelligence did not like Golos refusal to allow Soviet contact with his sources. The NKVD suspected Golos of Trotskyism and tried to lure him to Moscow, where he could be arrested. The US government got to him first, prosecuting him in 1940 for being an unregistered foreign agent. But even then, he would not surrender his agents.  After Earl Browder went to prison in 1940 Golos took over running Browder's agents.

In the fall of 1942, a Communist cell of engineers was turned over to Golos for Soviet espionage purposes and [[Julius Rosenberg]] was the contact between Golos and the group.  Golos believed this cell, the XY Line of engineers was capable of development. The XY Line began enormous efforts to penetrate the [[Manhattan Project]], code-named ENORMOUS (ENORMOZ).  

In the fall of 1942, a Communist cell of engineers was turned over to Golos for Soviet espionage purposes and [[Julius Rosenberg]] was the contact between Golos and the group.  Golos believed this cell, the XY Line of engineers was capable of development. The XY Line began enormous efforts to penetrate the [[Manhattan Project]], code-named ENORMOUS (ENORMOZ).  

Sometime in November of 1943, Golos met in New York with key figures of the [[Perlo group]], a group working in several government departments and agencies in Washington, D.C.  The group was already in the service of Browder.  Later that same month, after a series of heart attacks over the previous two years, Golos died <ref>FBI Silvermaster file [http://education-research.org/PDFs/Silvermaster083.pdf Vol. 83, pg. 43 - 44] pdf, Scheidt to the Director, December 23, 1946.  Statement by [[Louis Budenz]] that [[Gerhart Eisler]] attended funeral of Jacob Golos.</ref> in bed in the arms of Elizabeth Bentley, who then took over operations  (thus the reference in the decrpyts to him as a “former” colleague).

Sometime in November 1943, Golos met in New York with key figures of the [[Perlo group]], a group working in several government departments and agencies in Washington, D.C.  The group was already in the service of Browder.  Later that same month, after a series of heart attacks over the previous two years, Golos died <ref>FBI Silvermaster file [http://education-research.org/PDFs/Silvermaster083.pdf Vol. 83, pg. 43 - 44] pdf, Scheidt to the Director, December 23, 1946.  Statement by [[Louis Budenz]] that [[Gerhart Eisler]] attended funeral of Jacob Golos.</ref> in bed in the arms of Elizabeth Bentley, who then took over operations  (thus the reference in the decrpyts to him as a “former” colleague).

==See also==

==See also==

* [http://www.fbi.gov/libref/historic/famcases/atom/atom.htm ''The Atom Spy Case'', famous FBI cases]

* [http://www.fbi.gov/libref/historic/famcases/atom/atom.htm ''The Atom Spy Case'', famous FBI cases]

* [http://www.nacic.gov/history/CIReaderPlain/Vol3Chap1.pdf Cold War Counterintelligence]

* [http://www.nacic.gov/history/CIReaderPlain/Vol3Chap1.pdf Cold War Counterintelligence]

* [http://www.johnearlhaynes.org/page44.html#_ftn39| John Earl Haynes interpolations and annotations on selections from Alexander Vassiliev’s Notes on Gorsky’s December 1948 Memo]

* [http://www.johnearlhaynes.org/page44.html#_ftn39 John Earl Haynes interpolations and annotations on selections from Alexander Vassiliev’s Notes on Gorsky’s December 1948 Memo]

* [http://www.thenation.com/docprint.mhtml?i=19990524&s=schrecker ''The Spies Who Loved Us?'' article by Ellen Schrecker, The Nation, May 24, 1999]

* [http://www.thenation.com/docprint.mhtml?i=19990524&s=schrecker ''The Spies Who Loved Us?'' article by Ellen Schrecker, The Nation, May 24, 1999]