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Measured by output and income, centrally planned economies tend to be less efficient free economies where output targets, and the means to meet them are made by a private sector. However in some sectors, Communist nations such as the former [[USSR]] have led the West in the strength and quality of some defence and space technologies at times in history.

Measured by output and income, centrally planned economies tend to be less efficient free economies where output targets, and the means to meet them are made by a private sector. However, in some sectors, Communist nations such as the former [[USSR]] have led the West in the strength and quality of some defence and space technologies at times in history.

== Famine and Genocide ==

== Famine and Genocide ==

Many communist nations have suffered periods of famine and genocide, although sometimes the deliniation between famine and genocide is not clear.

Many communist nations have suffered periods of famine and genocide, although sometimes the delineation between famine and genocide is not clear.

The Ukraine, for example, lost approximately 2.5 - 3.5 million people to famine in 1932 and 1933, the so-called [[Holodomor]]. Most modern historians believe that this famine was caused by the radical economic changes, including collectivization of agriculture, of Stalin's policies, and the seizure of crops by the Soviet authorities.<ref>{{cite web

The Ukraine, for example, lost approximately 2.5 - 3.5 million people to famine in 1932 and 1933, the so-called [[Holodomor]]. Most modern historians believe that this famine was caused by the radical economic changes, including collectivization of agriculture, of Stalin's policies, and the seizure of crops by the Soviet authorities.<ref>{{cite web