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Psychotherapy is most often performed by [[psychiatry|psychiatrists]], clinical [[psychology|psychologists]], clinical [[social work|social workers]], [[marriage and family therapy|marriage and family therapists]], or [[Mental Health Nurse|mental health nurses]].  Psychotherapists assist clients in gaining insight into the causes of their difficulties and in resolving them.  Depending on the issues the client is seeking help with, psychotherapy may be augmented by [[psychotropic]] medications, such as [[antidepressant]]s.   

Psychotherapy is most often performed by [[psychiatry|psychiatrists]], clinical [[psychology|psychologists]], clinical [[social work]]ers, [[marriage and family therapy|marriage and family therapists]], or [[Mental Health Nurse|mental health nurses]].  Psychotherapists assist clients in gaining insight into the causes of their difficulties and in resolving them.  Depending on the issues the client is seeking help with, psychotherapy may be augmented by [[psychotropic]] medications, such as [[antidepressant]]s.   

Many different schools of psychotherapy exist, including [[cognitive behavioral therapy]], [[dialectical behaviour therapy]], [[psychoanalysis]], [[behavior therapy]], [[interpersonal therapy]], [[family therapy]], and [[group therapy]].  In general, the different approaches to therapy have been found to be equally effective<ref>Luborsky L, Rosenthal R, Diguer L, Andrusyna TP, Berman JS, Levitt JT, Seligman DA, & Krause ED (2002). The dodo bird verdict is alive and well - mostly.  ''Clinical Psychology:  Science and Practice, 9'', 2-12.</ref>. However, for certain problems (e.g., [[depression]], [[post-traumatic stress disorder]], [[obsessive compulsive disorder]]), cognitive or dialectical behavioral techniques have been shown to be superior. <ref>Foa EB, Dancu CV, Hembree EA, Jaycox LH, Meadows EA, & Street GP (1999). A comparison of exposure therapy, stress inoculation training, and their combination for reducing post-traumatic stress disorder in female assault victims.  ''Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 67'', 194-200.</ref><ref>Salkovskis PM (1999). Understanding and treating obsessive-compulsive disorder.  ''Behavior Research & Therapy, 37'' Suppl 1, S29-S52.</ref>

Many different schools of psychotherapy exist, including [[cognitive behavioral therapy]], [[dialectical behaviour therapy]], [[psychoanalysis]], [[behavior therapy]], [[interpersonal therapy]], [[family therapy]], and [[group therapy]].  In general, the different approaches to therapy have been found to be equally effective.<ref>Luborsky L, Rosenthal R, Diguer L, Andrusyna TP, Berman JS, Levitt JT, Seligman DA, & Krause ED (2002). The dodo bird verdict is alive and well - mostly.  ''Clinical Psychology:  Science and Practice, 9'', 2-12.</ref>  However, for certain problems (e.g., [[depression]], [[post-traumatic stress disorder]], [[obsessive compulsive disorder]]), cognitive or dialectical behavioral techniques have been shown to be superior.<ref>Foa EB, Dancu CV, Hembree EA, Jaycox LH, Meadows EA, & Street GP (1999). A comparison of exposure therapy, stress inoculation training, and their combination for reducing post-traumatic stress disorder in female assault victims.  ''Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 67'', 194-200.</ref><ref>Salkovskis PM (1999). Understanding and treating obsessive-compulsive disorder.  ''Behavior Research & Therapy, 37'' Suppl 1, S29-S52.</ref>

Psychotherapy research shows that the most important factor in determining client improvement is the relationship between the client and the therapist<ref>Hubble MA, Duncan BL, & Miller SD (1999).  ''The Heart and Soul of Change: What Works in Therapy.''  American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.</ref>. A therapist who is able to establish a trusting relationship with the client provides the client with a model for healthier relationships outside of therapy and fosters a relationship of effective feedback.

Psychotherapy research shows that the most important factor in determining client improvement is the relationship between the client and the therapist.<ref>Hubble MA, Duncan BL, & Miller SD (1999).  ''The Heart and Soul of Change: What Works in Therapy.''  American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.</ref>  A therapist who is able to establish a trusting relationship with the client provides the client with a model for healthier relationships outside of therapy and fosters a relationship of effective feedback.

Most of what said during therapy is kept confidential by the therapist.  While the therapist may discuss cases with colleagues when seeking consultation, or in teaching students, they may not include any information that would allow the client to be identified by those he is speaking with.  There are a few exceptions to this rule.  While the specific laws vary across U.S. states, in general a psychotherapist is required by law to break confidentiality if the client poses a clear threat to himself or to another named person, if there is abuse of a child, or if the client records are ordered by a court.<ref>http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/confidentiality.aspx American Psychological Association, Protecting Your Privacy: Understanding Confidentiality</ref>

Most of what said during therapy is kept confidential by the therapist.  While the therapist may discuss cases with colleagues when seeking consultation, or in teaching students, they may not include any information that would allow the client to be identified by those he is speaking with.  There are a few exceptions to this rule.  While the specific laws vary across U.S. states, in general a psychotherapist is required by law to break confidentiality if the client poses a clear threat to himself or to another named person, if there is abuse of a child, or if the client records are ordered by a court.<ref>http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/confidentiality.aspx American Psychological Association, Protecting Your Privacy: Understanding Confidentiality</ref>

{{cquote|Do not be deceived: Neither the sexually immoral nor idolaters nor adulterers nor male prostitutes nor [[Homosexuality|homosexual]] offenders nor thieves nor the greedy nor drunkards nor slanderers nor swindlers will inherit the kingdom of God.  And that is what some of you were. But you were washed, you were sanctified, you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and by the [[Holy Spirit|Spirit of our God]]." - I Corinthians 6:9-11 (NIV)}}

{{cquote|Do not be deceived: Neither the sexually immoral nor idolaters nor adulterers nor male prostitutes nor [[Homosexuality|homosexual]] offenders nor thieves nor the greedy nor drunkards nor slanderers nor swindlers will inherit the kingdom of God.  And that is what some of you were. But you were washed, you were sanctified, you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and by the [[Holy Spirit|Spirit of our God]]." - I Corinthians 6:9-11 (NIV)}}

[[Peter LaBarbera]] is the President of [[Americans for Truth]] which is a organization which counters the [[Homosexual Agenda|homosexual agenda]]. Peter LaBarbera wrote:

[[Peter LaBarbera]] is the President of [[Americans for Truth]] which is an organization which counters the [[Homosexual Agenda|homosexual agenda]]. Peter LaBarbera wrote:

{{cquote|Another factor from my experience as a close observer of the “[[Ex-homosexuals|ex-gay]]” phenomenon is that many former homosexuals do not linger in “[[Reparative Therapy|reparative therapy]]” programs, or participate in them at all. They attribute their dramatic and (relatively) rapid transformation to the power of God, and likely would not show up in a study of this kind. In fact, these “unstudied” overcomers would appear to be the most successful ex-homosexuals because they’ve moved on with their lives — as “reborn” Christians move on after overcoming any besetting sin.<ref>http://www.americansfortruth.com/news/landmark-study-change-for-homosexuals-is-possible.html</ref>}}

{{cquote|Another factor from my experience as a close observer of the “[[Ex-homosexuals|ex-gay]]” phenomenon is that many former homosexuals do not linger in “[[Reparative Therapy|reparative therapy]]” programs, or participate in them at all. They attribute their dramatic and (relatively) rapid transformation to the power of God, and likely would not show up in a study of this kind. In fact, these “unstudied” overcomers would appear to be the most successful ex-homosexuals because they’ve moved on with their lives — as “reborn” Christians move on after overcoming any besetting sin.<ref>http://www.americansfortruth.com/news/landmark-study-change-for-homosexuals-is-possible.html</ref>}}

In 1980 a study was published in the ''American Journal of Psychiatry'' and eleven men participated in this study.  The aforementioned study in the ''American Journal of Psychiatry'' stated that eleven homosexual men became heterosexuals "without explicit treatment and/or long-term psychotherapy"  through their participation in a [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal]] church.<ref>E.M. Pattison and M.L. Pattison, "'Ex-Gays': Religiously Mediated Change in Homosexuals," American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 137, pp. 1553-1562, 1980</ref>   

In 1980 a study was published in the ''American Journal of Psychiatry'' and eleven men participated in this study.  The aforementioned study in the ''American Journal of Psychiatry'' stated that eleven homosexual men became heterosexuals "without explicit treatment and/or long-term psychotherapy"  through their participation in a [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal]] church.<ref>E.M. Pattison and M.L. Pattison, "'Ex-Gays': Religiously Mediated Change in Homosexuals," American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 137, pp. 1553-1562, 1980</ref>   

The website ''The Berean Call'' has a number of articles on various false claims and unbiblical notions that many practioners counseling psychology promote.<ref>http://www.thebereancall.org/topic/psychology</ref>

The website ''The Berean Call'' has a number of articles on various false claims and unbiblical notions that many practitioners counseling psychology promote.<ref>http://www.thebereancall.org/topic/psychology</ref>

== Effectiveness of laymen vs. trained psychologists ==

== Effectiveness of laymen vs. trained psychologists ==

=== references ===

=== References ===

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